Copper(I) sulfide

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Copper(I) sulfide
Names
IUPAC name
Copper(I) sulfide
Other names
Cuprous sulfide
Chalcocite
Copper glance
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.040.751 Edit this at Wikidata
RTECS number
  • GL8910000
UNII
  • InChI=1S/2Cu.S/q2*+1;-2 checkY
    Key: AQMRBJNRFUQADD-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/2Cu.S/q2*+1;-2
    Key: AQMRBJNRFUQADD-UHFFFAOYAN
  • [Cu+].[Cu+].[S-2]
Properties
Cu2S
Molar mass 159.16 g/mol
Density 5.6 g/cm3 [1]
Melting point 1,130 °C (2,070 °F; 1,400 K)[2]
insoluble
Solubility slightly soluble in
NH4OH; dissolves in KCN; decomposes in HNO3, H2SO4
Hazards
Flash point Nonflammable
NIOSH (US health exposure limits):
PEL (Permissible)
 TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[3]
REL (Recommended)
 TWA 1 mg/m3 (as Cu)[3]
IDLH
(Immediate danger)
 TWA 100 mg/m3 (as Cu)[3]
Related compounds
Other anions
 Copper(I) oxide
Copper(I) selenide
Other cations
Copper(II) sulfide
Zinc sulfide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
checkY verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Copper(I) sulfide is a copper sulfide, a chemical compound of copper and sulfur. It has the chemical compound Cu2S. It is found in nature as the mineral chalcocite. It has a narrow range of stoichiometry ranging from Cu1.997S to Cu2.000S.[4] Samples are typically black.

Preparation and reactions

Cu2S can be prepared by treating copper with sulfur or H2S.[2] The rate depends on the particle size and temperature.[5] Cu2S reacts with oxygen to form SO2:[6]

2 Cu2S + 3 O2 → 2 Cu2O + 2 SO2

The production of copper from chalcocite is a typical process in extracting the metal from ores. Usually, the conversion involves roasting, to give Cu2O and sulfur dioxide:[6]

Cu2S + O2 → 2 Cu + SO2

Cuprous oxide readily converts to copper metal upon heating.

Structure

Crystals of chalcocite (mineral form of Cu2S).

Stoichiometric

Two forms (

hexagonal close packed
array of sulfur atoms with Cu atoms in planar 3 coordination. This structure was initially assigned an orthorhombic cell due to the twinning of the sample crystal.

Non-stoichiometric

As illustrated by the mineral

non-stoichiometric (range Cu1.934S-Cu1.965S) and has a monoclinic structure with 248 copper and 128 sulfur atoms in the unit cell.[7] Cu2S and Cu1.96S are similar in appearance and hard to distinguish one from another.[9]

Phase transition

The

electrical resistivity increases abruptly at the phase transition point around 104 °C, with the precise temperature depending on the stoichiometry.[10][11]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 0-07-049439-8
  2. ^
    ISBN 978-0-08-022057-4
    .
  3. ^ a b c NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards. "#0150". National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH).
  4. doi:10.2113/gsecongeo.72.8.1524
    .
  5. doi:10.1016/S0040-6031(00)00545-1
    .
  6. ^
    ISBN 0-12-352651-5
  7. ^
    S2CID 6132717
    .
  8. ISBN 0-19-855370-6
  9. ^ Evans H.T. (1981). "Copper coordination in low chalcocite and djurleite and other copper-rich sulfides" (PDF). American Mineralogist. 66 (7–8): 807–818.
  10. S2CID 260955242
    .
  11. ^ Jain, Prashant K. "Phase transition of copper (I) sulfide and its implication for purported superconductivity of LK-99." arXiv preprint arXiv:2308.05222 (2023).
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