Tiberius (son of Maurice)
Tiberius | |
|---|---|
| Died | 27 November 602 |
| Burial place | Monastery of Saint Mamas (modern-day Istanbul, Turkey) |
| Parents |
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Tiberius (Greek: Τιβέριος; died 27 November 602) was the second son of Byzantine Emperor Maurice and his wife Constantina. His father intended him to inherit Italy and the western islands, centered in Rome; however, this did not come to fruition as his father was overthrown by the new Emperor Phocas, who had him and his father executed, along with his younger brothers, in the Harbor of Eutropius, Chalcedon.
Early life and family
Tiberius was the second son of
Maurice had served as
Later life
According to his father's will, written in 597 when he was suffering from severe illness, Maurice intended for Tiberius to rule Italy and the western islands, centered in Rome,[1][12] rather than Ravenna,[13] with Theodosius ruling in the East, centered in Constantinople.[1][12] Theophylact Simocatta, a contemporary source, states that the remainder of the empire would be split by Maurice's younger sons, and Byzantist J. B. Bury suggests one would rule North Africa, and the other Illyricum,[12][14] including Greece, with Domitian of Melitene as their guardian.[14] Historian Johannes Wienand suggests that in this arrangement, Theodosius would serve as senior augustus, Tiberius as junior augustus, and the younger brothers as caesars.[6]
In 602 Maurice ordered the Byzantine army to winter beyond the Danube, causing troops exhausted by warfare against the Slavs to rise up, and declare Phocas their leader.[15] The troops demanded Maurice abdicate in favor of Theodosius or General Germanus.[16] On 22 November 602, facing riots in Constantinople led by the Green faction, Maurice and his family boarded a warship bound for Nicomedia. [5] Theodosius may have been at that time in the Sasanian Empire, on a diplomatic mission,[17] or, according to some sources, was later sent by Maurice to request aid from the Sassanian Emperor Khosrow II.[4]
Phocas was crowned emperor the next day, on the 23rd, after he arrived in the capital. After surviving a storm, Tiberius and his family landed at
References
- ^ a b c Baum 2001.
- ^ a b Moorhead 2014, p. 130.
- ^ Martindale 1992, p. 1541.
- ^ a b c Stratos 1968, p. 52.
- ^ a b c d Garland 1999a.
- ^ a b Wienand 2014, p. 262.
- ^ Martindale 1992, pp. 856–857.
- ^ Martindale 1992, pp. 859, 1215.
- ^ Treadgold 1997, p. 226.
- ^ Martindale 1992, pp. 859–860.
- ^ Garland 1999b.
- ^ a b c Ostrogorsky 1956, p. 80.
- ^ Gregory 2011, p. 165.
- ^ a b Bury 1889, p. 94.
- ^ Previté-Orton 1975, p. 201.
- ^ Martindale 1992, pp. 531–532.
- ^ a b Martyn 2004, p. 43.
- ^ Martindale 1992, p. 860.
Bibliography
- Baum, Wilhelm (2001). "Roman Emperors – DIR Maurice". www.roman-emperors.org. Archived from the original on 26 August 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- OCLC 277170123.
- Garland, Lynda (1999a). "Constantina (Wife of the Emperor Maurice)". www.roman-emperors.org. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- Garland, Lynda (1999b). "Sophia (Wife of Justin II)". www.roman-emperors.org. Archived from the original on 12 May 2021. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
- Gregory, Timothy E. (2011). A History of Byzantium. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1-44435-997-8.
- ISBN 0-521-20160-8.
- Martyn, John R. C. (2004). The Letters of Gregory the Great: Books 1-4. Toronto, Ontario: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies. ISBN 978-0-88844-290-1.
- ISBN 978-1-31757-827-7.
- OCLC 422217218.
- Previté-Orton, C. W. (1975). Cambridge Medieval History, Shorter: Volume 1, The Later Roman Empire to the Twelfth Century. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-52109-976-9.
- Stratos, Andreas Nicolaou (1968). Byzantium in the Seventh Century. Amsterdam, Netherlands: Hakkert. OCLC 175111811.
- Treadgold, Warren T. (1997). A History of the Byzantine State and Society. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-80472-630-6.
- Wienand, Johannes (2014). Contested Monarchy: Integrating the Roman Empire in the Fourth Century AD. Oxford, Oxfordshire: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19020-174-6.