Tom Connally
Tom Connally | |
|---|---|
Earle B. Mayfield | |
| Succeeded by | Price Daniel |
| Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Texas's 11th district | |
| In office March 4, 1917 – March 3, 1929 | |
| Preceded by | Robert L. Henry |
| Succeeded by | Oliver H. Cross |
| Member of the Texas House of Representatives | |
| In office January 8, 1901 – January 10, 1905 | |
| Preceded by | Sam Little |
| Succeeded by | Austin Milton Kennedy W. C. O'Bryan |
| Constituency | 72nd district (1901–1903) 69th district (1903–1905) |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Thomas Terry Connally August 19, 1877 Hewitt, Texas, U.S. |
| Died | October 28, 1963 (aged 86) Washington, D.C., U.S. |
| Political party | Democratic |
| Spouses | Louise Clarkson
(m. 1904; died 1935)Lucile Sanderson Sheppard
(m. 1942) |
| Children | Ben Clarkson Connally |
| Alma mater | Baylor University (AB) University of Texas at Austin (LLB) |
Thomas Terry Connally (August 19, 1877 – October 28, 1963) was an American politician, who represented Texas in both the U.S. Senate and the House of Representatives, as a member of the Democratic Party. He served in the U.S. House of Representatives from 1917 to 1929, and in the U.S. Senate from 1929 to 1953.
Connally led the opposition to federal
Arthur H. Vandenberg to ensure bipartisan support for an internationalist policy, including the new United Nations. He led the committee in supporting the Truman Doctrine in 1947, the Marshall Plan in 1948 and NATO in 1949.[3]
Early life and education
Connally studied at
United States Senator Morris Sheppard.[6] After earning his law degree, he enlisted in the 2nd Texas Volunteer Infantry to fight in the Spanish–American War.[5] After the end of the war, he established a law firm in Marlin, Texas, where he worked until his entry into politics.[5]
Political career
declaration of war against Germany
(3:05 PM E.S.T. on 11 December 1941)Connally ran unopposed and was elected to the
House Committee on Foreign Affairs and worked against isolationist policies.[5]
In 1928 Connally was elected to the
U.S. Senate.[5] During his time in the Senate he supported Roosevelt's New Deal legislation through the passage of the Connally Hot Oil Act of 1935, which attempted to circumvent the Supreme Court of the United States
' rejection of a key part of New Deal legislation.
During most of his tenure in the Senate Connally was a member of the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization.[7]
He was also a member and vice-chairman of the
chartered the United Nations.[5] He authored the noted "Connally Amendment," which amended the U.S. ratification of the U.N. charter to bar the International Court of Justice from having jurisdiction over domestic matters '"as determined by the United States"'.[9]
On October 20, 1951, when General
U.S. emissary to the Holy See, Connally protested against the decision on the basis that Clark was alleged to have caused a large number of needless deaths at the Battle of Rapido River.[12] Clark withdrew his nomination on January 13, 1952.[13]
In 1953, Connally retired from the Senate, ending his career in national politics.[5]
Role as chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee
In 1943 a confidential analysis by British scholar
Senate Foreign Relations Committee
for the British government characterized Senator Connally:
- The chairman of the Committee, Tom Connally of Texas, is a very typical, exuberant Southern figure with the appearance and mannerisms of an old-fashioned actor and a gay and hearty manner which conceals lack both of strength and of clear public principles. He is normally the spokesman of the Administration and, in particular, of the Department of State. His voting record is that of a straight interventionist. His principal point of deviation from [Secretary of State] Hull's policies is the subject to which Mr. Hull has dedicated a large portion of his life, namely, the policy of reciprocal trade. Representing as he does, a great cattle breeding State, his enthusiasm for free trade with, e.g., the Argentine, is not ardent. He has been a solid supporter of the department's policies toward, e.g., France and North Africa. His support of its economic policies is regarded as doubtful. On internal issues he shares all the beliefs and prejudices of the South.[14]
During his time in office, Senator Connally also served as the first delegate from the United States to the United Nations First Committee, known at the time in 1946 as The Political and Security Committee. Meetings of the First Committee were held from October to December 1946 in the village of Lake Success in New York. Mr. Connally was the first to move for the recommendation to the General Assembly to accept the applications of Afghanistan, Iceland, and Sweden, after they had been approved by the Security Council.[15]
Personal life
Connally's first wife was
U.S. district judge.[5] Connally later married Lucile Sanderson Sheppard, the widow of his former Senate colleague, Morris Sheppard of Texarkana, Texas.[16][17]
Death
Tom Connally died of pneumonia on October 28, 1963. He is buried in Calvary Cemetery in Marlin, Texas, next to his first wife.
References
- ^ Senators in a huddle. Washington, D.C., Nov. 17. Senator Tom Connally, of Tex. Left; who started the filibuster aimed at the Anti-Lynching Bill confers with Senator George Norris, of Neb. right. 11/17/37. Library of Congress. Retrieved October 7, 2021.
- ^ Anderson, Carol (2003). Eyes Off the Prize: The United Nations and the African American Struggle for Human Rights, 1944–1955. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 3, 31–32, 44–46.
- ^ Bruce W. Jentleson and Thomas G. Paterson, eds. Encyclopedia of US foreign relations. (1997) 1:328.
- ^ a b The Alumni Directory, 1854–1917. Baylor University. 1917.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Thomas Terry Connally Papers Accession #123, The Texas Collection, Baylor University
- ISBN 978-0-9761152-2-9.)
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link - ^ a b c d Green, George. "Connally, Thomas Terry". Handbook of Texas. Texas State Historical Association. Retrieved 5 February 2015.
- ^ "Committee History & Rules". U.S. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations. Retrieved 6 February 2015.
- JSTOR 1370987.
- ^ Atkinson (2002), p.44.
- ^ Blumenson, pps. 9–15
- ISSN 0040-781X. Retrieved 2021-08-15.
- JSTOR 25016458.
- JSTOR 4634869. Archived from the original on October 21, 2013.)
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link - ^ "Official Records of the second part of the 1st session of the general assembly, 1st committee, political and security questions including regulation of armaments, summary record of [12th–44th] meetings, 2 November – 13 December 1946". undocs.org. United Nations. A/C.1/SR.12TO44. Retrieved 24 March 2017.
- ^ https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/common/briefing/Senate_Spouses [dead link]
- ^ Green, George. "Connally, Thomas Terry". The Handbook of Texas. Texas State Historical Association.
- United States Congress. "Tom Connally (id: C000684)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- Time magazine: Sept. 5, 1960 [1]
Further reading
- Connally, Tom and Alfred Steinberg. My Name is Tom Connally (1954)
- Grant, Philip A. "Roosevelt, the Congress, and the United Nations." Presidential Studies Quarterly 13.2 (1983): 279–285.
- Heineman, Kenneth J. "Asserting states’ rights, demanding federal assistance: Texas Democrats in the era of the New Deal." Journal of Policy History 28.2 (2016): 342–374.
- Hill, Thomas Michael. "Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg, the Politics of Bipartisanship, and the Origins of Anti-Soviet Consensus, 1941–1946." World Affairs 138.3 (1975): 219–241. Online
- Porter, David L. The Seventy-sixth Congress and World War II, 1939–1940 (1979).
- Williams, Phil. The Senate and US Troops in Europe (Palgrave Macmillan, 1985), excerpt chapter on "The North Atlantic Treaty, Military Assistance and the Troops to Europe Decision." pp. 11–41.
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