Nathaniel Macon
Nathaniel Macon | |
---|---|
U.S. House of Representatives from North Carolina | |
In office March 4, 1791 – December 13, 1815 | |
Preceded by | Hugh Williamson |
Succeeded by | Weldon N. Edwards |
Constituency | 2nd district (1791–1793) 5th district (1793–1803) 6th district (1803–1815) |
Personal details | |
Born | Warrenton, Province of North Carolina, British America | December 17, 1757
Died | June 29, 1837 Warrenton, North Carolina, U.S. | (aged 79)
Political party | Anti-Administration (before 1792) Democratic-Republican (1792–1828) |
Education | Princeton University |
Signature | |
Nathaniel Macon (December 17, 1757 – June 29, 1837) was an American politician who represented
During his political career he was spokesman for the
An earnest defender of
After leaving public office, he served as a trustee for the
Early life
Nathaniel Macon was born near
Maj. Gideon Macon had built "Macon Manor" and became a prosperous tobacco planter, where Nathaniel was born as the sixth child of Gideon and Priscilla, and he was only two when his father died in 1761. Upon his death, Gideon possessed 3,000 acres (12 km2) of land and 25–30 slaves.[5][6] Nathaniel was bequeathed two parcels of land and all of his father's blacksmithing tools. Gideon also left his son three slaves: George, Robb, and Lucy.[7]
Education
In 1766, Priscilla (Jones) Macon, now the wife of James Ransom,[5] arranged for the education of two of her sons, Nathaniel and John, along with the two sons of her neighbor Philemon Hawkins II. For this purpose, they engaged Mr. Charles Pettigrew, who later became the principal of the Academy of Edenton in 1733. The two brothers and their neighbors, Joseph and Benjamin Hawkins, later a senator and U. S. Indian agent, were instructed by him from 1766 to 1773.[8]
Three of the four boys (Nathaniel and Benjamin among them) continued on to further their education at the "College of New Jersey" at Princeton as part of the class of 1777.[9][10] Neither Nathaniel or Benjamin would graduate.[11]
American Revolution
Macon performed a short term of military duty during the American Revolution.[12] He returned to North Carolina in the fall of 1776, and studied law for three years. He rejoined the Revolution as a private in 1780, and was likely present at the Battle of Camden.[13]
Marriage and family
Macon met Hannah Plummer in 1782 in Warrenton, North Carolina. Her parents William Plummer and Mary Hayes were Virginians like Macon's, and they were "well connected".[14] Macon was a tall man, over 6 feet (1.8 m), and considered attractive, but he was not the only man who was pursuing Miss Plummer. However, after a number of months of courtship, Hannah and Nathaniel decided to marry.
One story often told of her courtship involves Macon challenging an unnamed potential suitor to a card game, with Hannah Plummer as the prize. The offer was accepted, and Macon lost the card game. Upon losing, he turned to Hannah and exclaimed "notwithstanding I have lost you fairly—love is superior to honesty—I cannot give you up." This won her favor, and they were married soon afterwards.[15] Their wedding took place on October 9, 1783, and their marriage was an affectionate one.
In laws
Her brother was the lawyer Kemp Plummer, the grandfather of Kemp Plummer Battle. Kemp Plummer and Nathaniel Macon were both part of the "Warren Junto" which also included James Turner, Weldon Edwards, William Hawkins, and William Miller, all of whom dominated North Carolina political life at that time.[16] Kemp Plummer was the second owner of the oldest house in Warrenton. The original owner was Marmaduke Johnson, who married Macon's half-sister Hixie Ransom.[17] Another Plummer brother was William Plummer II, who married Macon's half-sister Betsy Ransom.[18][19]
Children, death, and burial
According to Bible records, the Macons had three children:
- Betsy Kemp Macon (September 12, 1784 – November 10, 1829) married William John Martin (March 6, 1781 – December 11, 1828)
- Plummer Macon (April 14, 1786 – July 26, 1792)
- Seignora Macon (November 15, 1787 – August 16, 1825) married William Eaton[20]
Macon's wife, Hannah, died on July 11, 1790, when she was just 29 years old. Although Nathaniel was only 32 at the time of her death, he never remarried.[21] It is said that he was devoted to his wife, and his long unmarried life following her early death would suggest that he was faithful to her memory.
Her remains were buried not far from their home on the borders of their yard. Their only son died just over a year after Hannah and was buried beside her. When Nathaniel died July 29, 1837, at age 79, he was laid to rest next to his wife and son. As he requested, the site of their graves was covered with a great heap of flint stones so that the land would be left uncultivated; Macon believed that no one would go to the trouble of removing all of the flint in order to use the land, thereby preserving the burial site.
Buck Spring Plantation
Macon and his wife made their home on Hubquarter Creek on their plantation known as "Buck Spring Plantation". Macon's father Gideon's will bequeathed to him lands on Shocco Creek and "Five hundred acres of Land lying and being on both sides of Hubquarter Creek".[7] It was about 12 miles (19 km) north of Warrenton, near Roanoke Rapids.[21] His plantation grew to 1,945 acres, served by 70 slaves, with whom he often worked together in the fields, as well as serving as justice of the peace and a trustee of the Warrenton Academy. He raised thoroughbred race horses and had a pack of fox hounds, in 1819 hosting President Monroe for a hunt.
Political life
He served in the North Carolina Senate for Warren County in 1781, 1782, and 1784.[23]
Macon opposed the Constitution and spent his four decades in Congress making sure the national government would remain weak. He was for 37 years the most prominent nay-sayer in Congress—a "negative radical".[24] It was said of him that during the entire term of his service no other members cast so many negative votes. "Negation was his word and arm."
He was rural and local-minded, and economy was the passion of his public career. "His economy of the public money was the severest, sharpest, most stringent and constant refusal of almost any grant that could be proposed." With him, "not only was ... parsimony the best subsidy—but ... the only one".[25]
He supported all of the foreign policies of Jefferson and Madison from 1801 to 1817. Macon detested Alexander Hamilton and the Federalist program.
1791 to 1799
He was especially hostile to a navy, fearing the expense would create a financial interest. He bitterly opposed the Jay Treaty in 1795, the Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, and the movement for war with France in 1798–99. Macon supported the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.[26]
1800 to 1809
Macon served as Speaker of the House from 1801 to 1807. He was the fifth person, and first Southerner to serve in the office.[27] He supported the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, and tried to get Jefferson to purchase Florida as well. Jefferson offered the post of postmaster general to Macon at least twice, but he declined.[28]
During his second term as speaker, Macon broke with Jefferson, believing that the president had strayed from the fundamental principles of
He did not seek a fourth term as speaker when the 10th Congress convened in 1807. Instead he chaired the Foreign Relations Committee.[28]
1810 to 1819
Macon Bill No. 1 attacked British shipping, but was defeated. In May 1810, Macon's Bill No. 2 was passed, giving the president power to suspend trade with either Great Britain or France if the other should cease to interfere with United States commerce. Macon supported Madison in declaring the War of 1812; he opposed conscription to build the army and opposed higher taxes.
He did favor some road construction by the federal government, but generally opposed the policy of internal improvements promoted by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun. He opposed the recharter of the United States Bank in 1811 and in 1816, uniformly voted against any form of protective tariff.
1820 to 1828
He was always an earnest defender of
After retirement
Among his other public acts in retirement were writing a letter in 1832 to President Jackson protesting the threatened use of military action to quell the South Carolina
He served as President of the 1835 convention to amend and reform the Constitution of North Carolina. The resulting amendments to the state constitution mostly related to political reform and greater democracy. He was largely opposed to the amendments that were adopted.[31] He also served as a trustee of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, and supported Martin Van Buren in the election of 1836.[32]
Places named after Nathaniel Macon
- Macon County, Alabama
- Macon County, Illinois
- Macon County, Missouri
- Macon, Missouri
- Macon County, North Carolina
- Macon, Georgia
- Macon, Illinois
- Macon, Mississippi
- Macon County, Georgia
- Macon, North Carolina
- Macon County, Tennessee
- Randolph-Macon College
- Fort Macon
References
- Specific
- ^ Dodd (1903), p. 2
- ^ McCormick, James Gilchrist; Battle, Kemp Plummer (1900). Personnel of the Convention of 1861. University Press. p. 39.
- ISBN 9781101118818.
- ^ https://www.google.com/books/edition/Virginia_Gleanings_in_England/f8kWVOafFtQC?hl=en&gbpv=1&dq=Nathaniel+Macon+gideon+macon+england&pg=PA12&printsec=frontcover
- ^ a b Dodd (1903), p. 3
- ^ "Slaves of Nathaniel Macon".
- ^ a b Will of Gideon Macon, Granville County Wills: Unrecorded Wills, 1746-1771, Archives Section, Department of Cultural Resources, Raleigh, North Carolina
- ^ Dodd (1903), p. 4
- ^ Cotten (1840) p. 29
- ISBN 9780820334516.
- ^ Collins, Varnum Lansing (1914). Princeton. Oxford University Press, American branch. p. 96.
- ^ Edwards, Weldon Nathaniel (1862). Memoir of Nathaniel Macon, of North Carolina. Raleigh Register Steam Power Press.
- ^ Dodd (1903), p. 28; 32
- ^ Dodd (1903), p. 41
- ^ Cotten (1840) p. 55-56
- ISBN 9780807867006– via Google Books.
- ^ "The Marmaduke Johnson House: A Warren County (and national) treasure hidden in plain sight". The Warren Record. Retrieved September 1, 2018.
- ^ Groves, Joseph Asbury (1901). The Alstons and Allstons of North and South Carolina. Franklin printing and publishing Company. pp. 512–515.
- ^ Wellman (2002) p. 62
- ^ Dodd (1903), p. 44
- ^ ISBN 9780786403103.
- ^ Wellman 2002, p. 58-59
- ^ Wheeler, John H. (1874). "The Legislative Manual and Political Register of the State of North Carolina". Retrieved April 9, 2019.
- ^ Hamilton 1933.
- ^ C. J. Ingersoll, quoted Hamilton 1933.
- ^ Dodd (1902) p. 666
- ^ Follett, Mary Parker (1909) [First edition, 1896]. The speaker of the House of Representatives. New York, New York: Longmans, Greene, and Company. p. 68. Retrieved March 8, 2019 – via Internet Archive, digitized in 2007.
- ^ a b Glass, Andrew (June 29, 2016). "Nathaniel Macon, former speaker, dies, June 29, 1837". Politico. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
- ^ Starnes, Richard D. (2006). "Quids". NCpedia. Encyclopedia of North Carolina, University of North Carolina Press. Retrieved March 12, 2019.
- ^ Dodd (1902) p. 668
- ^ North Carolina History Project
- ^ Dodd (1902) p. 664
- General
- Cotten, Edward R. Life of the Hon. Nathaniel Macon. Baltimore: Printed by Lucas & Deaver, 1840.
- OCLC 10971454., pp. 1–4; 41–44.
- Dodd, William E. (1902). "The Place of Nathaniel Macon in Southern History". JSTOR 1834563.
- Hamilton, J. G. de Roulhac. "Macon, Nathaniel" in Dictionary of American Biography, Volume 6 (1933)
- Wellman, Manly Wade (2002). The County of Warren, North Carolina, 1586-1917. University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 978-0-8078-5472-3.