George Sutherland
George A. Sutherland | |
---|---|
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States | |
In office October 2, 1922 – January 17, 1938[1] | |
Nominated by | Warren G. Harding |
Preceded by | John Hessin Clarke |
Succeeded by | Stanley Forman Reed |
United States Senator from Utah | |
In office March 4, 1905 – March 3, 1917 | |
Preceded by | Thomas Kearns |
Succeeded by | William King |
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Utah's at-large district | |
In office March 4, 1901 – March 3, 1903 | |
Preceded by | William King |
Succeeded by | Joseph Howell |
Personal details | |
Born | George Alexander Sutherland March 25, 1862 Stony Stratford, Buckinghamshire, England |
Died | July 18, 1942 Stockbridge, Massachusetts, U.S. | (aged 80)
Political party | Liberal (1883–1896) Republican (1896–1942) |
Spouse |
Rosamond Lee (m. 1883) |
Children | 3 |
Education | Brigham Young University (BA) University of Michigan |
Signature | |
George Alexander Sutherland (March 25, 1862 – July 18, 1942) was an English-born American jurist and politician. He served as an
Born in Buckinghamshire, England, Sutherland and his family moved to the Utah Territory in the 1860s. After attending the University of Michigan Law School, Sutherland established a legal practice in Provo, Utah, and won election to the Utah State Senate. Sutherland won election to the United States House of Representatives in 1900 and to the United States Senate in 1905. In Congress, Sutherland supported several progressive policies but generally aligned with the party's conservative wing. He won re-election in 1911 but was defeated in the 1916 election by Democrat William H. King.
Sutherland made up part of the "
Early life
Sutherland was born in Stony Stratford, Buckinghamshire, England, to a Scottish father, Alexander George Sutherland, and an English mother, Frances (née Slater). A recent convert to The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Alexander moved the family to the Utah Territory in the summer of 1863 and initially settled his family in Springville, Utah but moved to Montana and prospected for a few years before moving his family back to Utah Territory in 1869, where he pursued a number of different occupations.[2] In the 1870s, the Sutherland family left the Church, with George remaining unbaptized.[3]
At the age of 12, the need to help his family financially forced Sutherland to leave school and take a job, first as a clerk in a clothing store and then as an agent of the
Early career
After admission to the Michigan bar, he married Rosamond Lee in 1883, and produced two daughters and a son. Afterwards, Sutherland moved back to Utah Territory, where he joined his father (who had also become a lawyer) in a partnership in
In Congress
In 1900, Sutherland received the
Sutherland declined to run for a second term and returned to Utah to campaign for election to the United States Senate. With the state legislature firmly under Republican control, the contest was an intra-party battle with the incumbent, Thomas Kearns. With the backing of Utah's other senator, Reed Smoot, Sutherland secured the unanimous support of the caucus in January 1905. Sutherland repaid his debt to Smoot in 1907 by speaking on the floor in the Senate in defense of the senior senator during the climax of the Smoot hearings.[8]
Sutherland's tenure in the Senate coincided with the
The election of
Sutherland's opposition contributed to his defeat in 1916, when he faced re-election for the first time under the terms of the Seventeenth Amendment. Once again he faced William H. King, who campaigned on Sutherland's opposition to the president. Following his Senate defeat, he resumed the private practice of law in Washington, D.C., and served as president of the American Bar Association from 1916 to 1917.[11]
Supreme Court
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Conservatism in the United States |
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On September 5, 1922, Sutherland was nominated by President Warren G. Harding as an associate justice on the Supreme Court of the United States to succeed John Hessin Clarke; he was confirmed by the U.S. Senate the same day.[12] Sutherland was sworn into office on October 2, 1922.[1]
Sutherland wrote a decision affirming a zoning ordinance in Village of Euclid v. Ambler Realty Co., which was widely interpreted to be a general endorsement of the constitutionality of zoning laws.
During
Important decisions authored by Sutherland include the 1932 case
In
In 1937, the Supreme Court began to side with more moderate New Deal policies developed in reaction to previous legal cases, and Sutherland's influence declined.[13] Sutherland retired from the Supreme Court on January 17, 1938, as the balance of power on the Court was shifting away from him.[13]
Post-Court life and death
Following his retirement, Sutherland sat by special designation as a member of the
While vacationing with his wife at a resort in
Sutherland was interred at
Religion
As an infant, Sutherland had been baptized in the
See also
References
- ^ a b "Justices 1789 to Present". Washington, D.C.: Supreme Court of the United States. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
- ^ Paschal, Joel Francis. Mr. Justice Sutherland: A Man Against the State. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1951, p. 3.
- ^ a b Carter & Phillips 2008, p. 325
- ^ Paschal, p. 5-20.
- Newspapers.com.
- ^ Paschal, p. 20-24, 36; Paul, Ellen Frankel. "Sutherland, George." In The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. 2d ed. Kermit L. Hall, ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005, p. 991.
- ^ Paschal, p. 37-46.
- ^ Paschal, p. 49-52.
- ^ Bernstein, David (May 9, 2011) On a Certain Type of Historical Error Archived May 11, 2011, at the Wayback Machine, Legal History Blog
- ^ Paschal, p. 53-73.
- ^ Paschal, op cit, pgs. 82-105.
- ^ "Supreme Court Nominations (1789-Present)". Washington, D.C.: United States Senate. Retrieved February 16, 2022.
- ^ a b c "The Supreme Court . Capitalism and Conflict . Biographies of the Robes . Alexander George Sutherland | PBS". PBS. Archived from the original on June 29, 2017. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
- ^ Clare Cushman, ed., The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995 (Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly, 1995), p. 328
- ^ "Geo. Sutherland Dies in Berkshires." New York Times. July 19, 1942.
- ^ Waskey, A.J.L. "Sutherland, George." In The Encyclopedia of the Supreme Court. David Shultz, ed. New York: Facts on File, 2005, p. 450; Atkinson, David N. Leaving the Bench: Supreme Court Justices at the End. Lawrence, Kan.: University Press of Kansas, 1999, p. 106.
- ISBN 978-1452235349. Archivedfrom the original on October 21, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
- ISBN 1932994416. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
- ^ "Episcopalian Politicians in Utah". The Political Graveyard. December 15, 2014. Archived from the original on November 6, 2012. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
- ^ "Famous Anglicans and Episcopalians". Adherents.com. Archived from the original on October 25, 2005. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link) - ^ Carter & Phillips 2008, pp. 328, 333–34, 336–38
- ^ Carter & Phillips 2008, pp. 333–34, 336
- ISBN 978-1461675433. Archivedfrom the original on October 21, 2015. Retrieved June 24, 2015.
Sources
- Carter, Edward L.; Phillips, James C. (2008), "Mormon Education of a Gentile Justice: George Sutherland and Brigham Young Academy", Journal of Supreme Court History, 33 (3): 326, SSRN 1869701
Further reading
- ISBN 0-19-506557-3.
- ISBN 0-8476-9604-9.
- Cushman, Clare (2001). The Supreme Court Justices: Illustrated Biographies, 1789–1995 (2nd ed.). (ISBN 1-56802-126-7.
- Frank, John P. (1995). Friedman, Leon; Israel, Fred L. (eds.). The Justices of the United States Supreme Court: Their Lives and Major Opinions. ISBN 0-7910-1377-4.
- Hall, Kermit L., ed. (1992). The Oxford Companion to the Supreme Court of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-505835-6.
- Martin, Fenton S.; Goehlert, Robert U. (1990). The U.S. Supreme Court: A Bibliography. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Quarterly Books. ISBN 0-87187-554-3.
- Mason, Alpheus Thomas (1938-06). "The Conservative World of Mr. Justice Sutherland, 1883–1910". American Political Science Review. 32 (3): 443–477.
- Olken, Samuel R. (March 2009). "Justice Sutherland Reconsidered". Vanderbilt Law Review. 62: 639–93.
- Paschal, Joel Francis (1951). Mr. Justice Sutherland: A Man against the State. Princeton University Press.
- Urofsky, Melvin I. (1994). The Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary. New York: ISBN 0-8153-1176-1.
External links
- "George Sutherland". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress.
- George Sutherland at the Biographical Directory of Federal Judges, a publication of the Federal Judicial Center.
- "Utah History To Go: Biography of George Sutherland". Retrieved September 24, 2010.
- Arkes, Hadley (April 22, 1997). Return of George Sutherland, by Hadley Arkes. Princeton University Press. ISBN 0691016283.