Tomistoma

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Tomistoma
Temporal range:
Ma[1]
False gharial (Tomistoma schlegelii)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Reptilia
Clade: Archosauromorpha
Clade: Archosauriformes
Order: Crocodilia
Family: Gavialidae
Subfamily: Tomistominae
Genus: Tomistoma
S. Müller, 1846
Species
  • Tomistoma schlegelii
  • †Tomistoma cairense
  • †
    Tomistoma coppensi
  • †
    Tomistoma dowsoni
  • †
    Tomistoma lusitanicum

Tomistoma is a

paraphyletic, for example: previously assigned species T. taiwanicus from Taiwan, is reclassified to the genus Toyotamaphimeia, and T. dowsoni should be excluded from Tomistoma based on phylogenetic analysis.[2][3][4][5][6]

Unlike the

Crocodylidae based on skeletal features, recent molecular studies using DNA sequencing consistently indicate that the false gharial and by inference other related extinct forms traditionally viewed as belonging to the crocodylian subfamily Tomistominae actually belong to Gavialoidea and Gavialidae.[8][9][10][11][12][13][2][14]

Fossil dorsal plates of "Tomistoma" calaritanum

Fossils of extinct Tomistoma species have been found in deposits of Paleogene, Neogene, and Quaternary ages in Uganda, Italy, Portugal, Egypt and India, but nearly all of them are likely to be distinct genera due to older age compared to the false gharial.[15]

The below cladogram of the major living crocodile groups is based on molecular studies and shows the false gharial's close relationships:[9][12][13][2][14]

Crocodilia

Here is a more detailed cladogram from a 2018

extinct members:[2]

Gavialoidea
Gavialidae

Gavialis gangeticus Gharial

Gavialis bengawanicus†

Gavialis browni†

Gryposuchus colombianus
†

Ikanogavialis†

Gryposuchus pachakamue
†

Piscogavialis†

Harpacochampsa†

Tomistoma lusitanicum
†

Tomistoma schlegelii False gharial

(crown group)

Tomistoma cairense†

Dollosuchoides†

Kentisuchus†

(
stem-based group
)

References

  1. PMID 34567843
    .
  2. ^
    PMID 30051855
    .
  3. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.02.002
    .
  4. S2CID 134961600
    .
  5. PMID 36929596
    .
  6. ISSN 0022-3360
    .
  7. ^ Piras, P., Colangelo, P., Adams, D. C., Buscalioni, A., Cubo, J., Kotsakis, T., & Raia, P. (2010). The Gavialis–Tomistoma debate: the contribution of skull ontogenetic allometry and growth trajectories to the study of crocodylian relationships. Evolution & development, 12(6): 568−579.
  8. doi:10.1093/icb/29.3.831
    .
  9. ^
    PMID 12775527
    .
  10. PMID 12775528
    .
  11. PMID 17433721
    .
  12. ^
    PMID 18372192
    .
  13. ^
    PMID 22431965
    .
  14. ^
    PMID 33907305
    .
  15. ^ "Fossilworks: Tomistoma". fossilworks.org.
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