Toolebuc Formation

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Coordinates: 20°24′S 144°24′E / 20.4°S 144.4°E / -20.4; 144.4
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Toolebuc Formation
Stratigraphic range: Albian
Type
Approximate paleocoordinates
52°42′S 132°30′E / 52.7°S 132.5°E / -52.7; 132.5
RegionQueensland
Country Australia
ExtentEromanga Basin
Toolebuc Formation is located in Australia
Toolebuc Formation

The Toolebuc Formation is a geological

formation that extends from Queensland across South Australia and the Northern Territory in Australia, whose strata date back to the Albian stage of the Early Cretaceous. Dinosaurs,[1]
pterosaurs, plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs, protostegid turtles, sharks, chimaeroids and bony fish remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.

Description

Deposition occurred in a cool to temperate inland sea setting and the present lithology is dominantly made up of limey shales with abundant Inoceramus bivalve shells. Ichthyosaurs and protostegid turtles were the most common marine reptiles at this time in the Eromanga Sea, in contrast to older Aptian deposits such as the Bulldog Shale of South Australia, which show that plesiosaurs were previously more abundant and also more diverse. The Toolebuc Formation is one of the richest known sources of Mesozoic vertebrate fossils in Australia, with notable collecting areas situated around the towns of Richmond, Julia Creek, Hughenden and Boulia.

Fossil content

Possible indeterminate

ornithopod remains have also been found in Queensland, Australia.[1]

Animals

Dinosaurs (including birds)
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Kunbarrasaurus K. ieversi Queensland [1]
cf. Kunbarrasaurus sp. Intermediate Queensland [2]
Muttaburrasaurus Indeterminate Queensland [1]
Nanantius N. eos Queensland "Tibiotarsi and vertebra"[1][3]
Pterosaurs
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Anhangueria indet. Indeterminate Queensland [4]
Aussiedraco A. molnari Queensland
Mythunga M. camara Queensland
Thapunngaka T. shawi Queensland [5]
Plesiosaurs
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Kronosaurus K. queenslandicus Queensland
Eromangasaurus E. australis Queensland
Polycotylidae indet. Undescribed polycotylid (specimen QM F18041, nicknamed Penny)[6] Queensland
Ichthyosaurs
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Platypterygius P. australis Queensland
Turtles
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Bouliachelys B. suteri "Around Boulia in Western Queensland"[7] [7]
Cratochelone C. berneyi Queensland
Notochelone N. costata Queensland
Fish
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Australopachycormus A. hurleyi "QM F52641 (holotype); partial snout (lacking tip of rostrum) and mandible including dentition and associated cranial/postcranial fragments; SAM P40514 (referred specimen), partial skull with rostrum and incomplete pectoral fin"[8] Long-
pachycormiform
Canaryichthys C. rozefeldsi A
cranial vault."[9]
 A halecomorph, possibly an ionoscopiform.[9]
Cardabiodontidae Undescribed genus and species[10] Associated teeth and vertebrae suggesting an individual 8 to 9 meters long[11][10][12] Closely related to Cardabiodon[10]
Cooyoo C. australis An ichthyodectiform also present in the Allaru Formation[13]
Dugaldia D. emmilta [13]
Euroka E. dunravenensis An elopiform[14]
Flindersichthys F. denmeadi [15]
Marathonichthys M. coyleorum An
albuliforme[16]
Pachyrhizodus P. marathonensis, P. grawi Two species known from both this and the Allaru Formation[17][18]
Pristiophorus Indeterminate Known from rostral teeth that are tentatively referred to
teleostean instead.[20]
?Pseudocorax Partially disarticulated vertebrae Probable anacoracid remains[21]
Ptykoptychion P. tayyo [22]
Richmondichthys R. sweeti An aspidorhynchid also found in the Allaru Formation[23]
Stewartichthys S. leichhardti An
albuliforme[16]
Arthropods
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Brunnaega B. tomhurleyi An isopod, over 130 fossil individuals found infesting a Pachyrhizodus marathonensis carcass.[18]
Molluscs
Genus Species Presence Notes Images
Beudanticeras B. flindersi [24]
Enchoteuthis E. tonii [25]
Inoceramus I. sutherlandi "Siphon Paddock, Dunluce Street, near Hughendon, North Queensland, Australia"[26] [26]
Trachyteuthis T. willisi [24]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Weishampel et al., 2004, pp.573-574
  2. doi:10.3389/feart.2022.803505
    .
  3. ^ "Table 11.1," in Weishampel et al., 2004, p.213
  4. S2CID 247814094
    .
  5. doi:10.1080/02724634.2021.1946068
    .
  6. ^ "Kronosaurus Korner - Penny the Plesiosaur". www.kronosauruskorner.com.au. Retrieved 2021-05-17.
  7. ^
    OCLC 692219338
    .
  8. S2CID 89193950
    .
  9. ^ a b Museum, c=AU; co=Queensland Government; ou=Queensland. "An Early Cretaceous (late Albian) halecomorph (? Ionoscopiformes) fish from the Toolebuc Formation of the Eromanga Basin, Queensland". www.qm.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  10. ^
    ISSN 0311-5518
    .
  11. ^ Mikael Siverson (2012). Lamniform Sharks: 110 Million Years of Ocean Supremacy. Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology. Royal Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology. Archived from the original on 2021-12-15.
  12. S2CID 240267171
    .
  13. ^
    S2CID 190880286
    .
  14. ISSN 0079-8835
    .
  15. S2CID 189970876
    .
  16. ^ a b Museum, c=AU; co=Queensland Government; ou=Queensland. "New Teleosts (Elopomorpha: Albuliformes) from the Lower Cretaceous (Late Albian) of the Eromanga Basin, Queensland, Australia". mtq.qm.qld.gov.au. Retrieved 2022-08-05.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  17. ^ Bartholomai, A. (17 February 2012). "The pachyrhizodontid teleosts from the marine Lower Cretaceous (latest mid to late Albian) sediments of the Eromanga Basin, Queensland, Australia". Memoirs of the Queensland Museum – Nature. 56 (1): 119–148.
  18. ^
    S2CID 82989831
    .
  19. ISBN 978-0-909674-36-6
    .
  20. ISSN 0024-1164
    .
  21. doi:10.1080/03115519308619604
    .
  22. ISBN 978-0643100459
    .
  23. S2CID 195531265
    .
  24. ^
    OCLC 692219338
    .
  25. ISSN 2056-2799
    .
  26. ^
    doi:10.1111/pala.12046
    .

Bibliography
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