Umatilla, Oregon
Umatilla, Oregon | ||
---|---|---|
City | ||
FIPS code 41-75650[4] | | |
GNIS feature ID | 2412127[2] | |
Website | www.umatilla-city.org |
Umatilla (/ˌjuməˈtɪlə/, YOO-mə-TIL-ə) is a city in Umatilla County, Oregon, United States. The population in 2010 was 6,906, but the city's population includes approximately 2,000 inmates incarcerated at Two Rivers Correctional Institution.[5]
Umatilla is part of the
The city is on the south side of the
History
Before European settlement, the peninsula formed by the convergence of the Umatilla and Columbia rivers had been occupied by the indigenous Umatilla people for at least 10,000 years, being the site of temporary and seasonal villages, fishing and later horse breeding. On their return trip from the mouth of the Columbia River in 1806, the Lewis and Clark Expedition made note in their journals of a village on the site.[7]
The first Umatilla post office was established in September 1851 at the
Umatilla quickly became an important trade and distribution center not just for gold rush travelers but for the growing population of farmers and ranchers in the surrounding region. A business district developed along Water Street at the river's edge and at the town's peak it had 3 hotels, 22 saloons, 6 mercantiles and 3 grocery stores, among others. It won the county seat of
Umatilla remained a vital commercial center until the late 1870s, when the removal of the rapids in 1877 allowed boats traveling from
The Umatilla Chemical Depot opened in 1941, to prepare for World War II. The depot's mission was to store and maintain a variety of military items, from blankets to ammunition. The depot took on its chemical weapons storage mission in 1962. From 1990 to 1994 the facility reorganized in preparation for eventual closure, shipping all conventional ammunition and supplies to other installations. On October 25, 2011, the last barrel of HD mustard agent was destroyed and there is no longer a risk of chemical accident in Oregon and Washington.
The original town site of Umatilla was abandoned completely when the
Geography
Umatilla is 30 miles (48 km) northwest of Pendleton.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4.63 square miles (11.99 km2), of which, 4.42 square miles (11.45 km2) is land and 0.21 square miles (0.54 km2) is water.[14]
Climate
According to the
Climate data for Umatilla | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °F (°C) | 67 (19) |
78 (26) |
86 (30) |
97 (36) |
104 (40) |
110 (43) |
117 (47) |
114 (46) |
103 (39) |
89 (32) |
80 (27) |
71 (22) |
117 (47) |
Mean daily maximum °F (°C) | 40 (4) |
47.5 (8.6) |
58.7 (14.8) |
68.6 (20.3) |
76.7 (24.8) |
83.9 (28.8) |
92.6 (33.7) |
90.5 (32.5) |
80.7 (27.1) |
67 (19) |
50.9 (10.5) |
42.1 (5.6) |
66.6 (19.2) |
Mean daily minimum °F (°C) | 25.2 (−3.8) |
28.9 (−1.7) |
33.8 (1.0) |
40.2 (4.6) |
47 (8) |
54 (12) |
59.4 (15.2) |
57.3 (14.1) |
48.9 (9.4) |
40.1 (4.5) |
32.7 (0.4) |
28.4 (−2.0) |
41.3 (5.2) |
Record low °F (°C) | −23 (−31) |
−23 (−31) |
10 (−12) |
20 (−7) |
26 (−3) |
32 (0) |
36 (2) |
37 (3) |
25 (−4) |
12 (−11) |
−6 (−21) |
−27 (−33) |
−27 (−33) |
Average precipitation inches (mm) | 1.05 (27) |
0.85 (22) |
0.68 (17) |
0.55 (14) |
0.62 (16) |
0.56 (14) |
0.16 (4.1) |
0.25 (6.4) |
0.45 (11) |
0.69 (18) |
1.07 (27) |
1.09 (28) |
8.01 (203) |
Average snowfall inches (cm) | 3.9 (9.9) |
2.1 (5.3) |
0.2 (0.51) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0 (0) |
0.8 (2.0) |
1.1 (2.8) |
8.2 (21) |
Average precipitation days (≥ 0.01 inch) | 8 | 7 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 7 | 8 | 60 |
Source: [16] |
Demographics
Census | Pop. | Note | %± |
---|---|---|---|
1870 | 150 | — | |
1880 | 149 | −0.7% | |
1890 | 118 | −20.8% | |
1900 | 127 | 7.6% | |
1910 | 198 | 55.9% | |
1920 | 390 | 97.0% | |
1930 | 345 | −11.5% | |
1940 | 370 | 7.2% | |
1950 | 883 | 138.6% | |
1960 | 617 | −30.1% | |
1970 | 679 | 10.0% | |
1980 | 3,199 | 371.1% | |
1990 | 3,046 | −4.8% | |
2000 | 4,978 | 63.4% | |
2010 | 6,906 | 38.7% | |
2020 | 7,363 | 6.6% | |
source:[17][18][3] |
2010 census
As of the
There were 1,634 households, of which 50.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.2% were married couples living together, 14.7% had a female householder with no husband present, 8.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 25.6% were non-families. 18.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.15 and the average family size was 3.59.[4]
The median age in the city was 30.7 years. 26.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 35.6% were from 25 to 44; 20.2% were from 45 to 64; and 6.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 63.7% male and 36.3% female.[4]
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,978 people, 1,364 households, and 1,062 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,415.3 inhabitants per square mile (546.5/km2). There were 1,511 housing units at an average density of 429.6 per square mile (165.9/km2). The racial makeup of the city was 72.10% White, 2.69% African American, 1.35% Native American, 0.38% Asian, 0.06%
There were 1,364 households, out of which 45.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 58.2% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 16.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.14 and the average family size was 3.51.[4]
In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.0% under the age of 18, 12.1% from 18 to 24, 34.7% from 25 to 44, 16.5% from 45 to 64, and 5.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 29 years. For every 100 females, there were 137.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 157.3 males.[4]
The median income for a household in the city was $33,844, and the median income for a family was $32,969. Males had a median income of $28,500 versus $20,337 for females. The
Economy
The city has seen some industrial investment in recent years through Amazon Web Service's data centers, however wages have stagnated.[19] The 2017 median household income in Umatilla of $38,796[20] represented a decline of 7.3% from 2010, and has fallen well behind nearby Hermiston at $50,694.[20] The local economy is heavily reliant on agriculture and supporting services.[21] As of 2001, the five largest employers in Umatilla were the Two Rivers Correctional Institution, JM Manufacturing (polyvinyl chloride pipes), Gilroy Food (dehydrated onions), Boise Cascade (wood chips), and Oregon Rustic (pine furniture).[22]
See also
References
- ^ "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
- ^ a b U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Umatilla, Oregon
- ^ a b "Census Population API". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 12, 2022.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ^ "U.S. Census website".
- ^ "U.S. Census website". Retrieved May 26, 2019.
- ^ Colton, Jennifer (December 13, 2018). "Umatilla Old Town has long history". Hermiston Herald. Retrieved July 20, 2020.
- ISBN 0-87595-277-1.
- ^ "[Brevities]". Walla Walla Statesman. Library of Congress. March 10, 1865. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ "[Brevities]". Walla Walla Statesman. Library of Congress. March 31, 1865. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ "Wallula". Walla Walla Statesman. Library of Congress. February 3, 1865. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ "The removal of obstructions to the upper Columbia and Snake rivers..." The Daily Intelligencer. Library of Congress. November 23, 1877. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ "A New Railroad". Puget Sound Dispatch. Library of Congress. April 13, 1878. Retrieved July 23, 2020.
- ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on January 25, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
- ^ "Umatilla, Oregon". Weatherbase. CantyMedia. Retrieved June 6, 2015.
- ^ "UMATILLA, OREGON (358734)". Western Regional Climate Center. Retrieved November 15, 2015.
- ^ Moffatt, Riley. Population History of Western U.S. Cities & Towns, 1850-1990. Lanham: Scarecrow, 1996, 216.
- ^ "Subcounty population estimates: Oregon 2000-2007". United States Census Bureau, Population Division. March 18, 2009. Archived from the original (CSV) on July 9, 2009. Retrieved April 29, 2009.
- ^ "Big data: Amazon's footprint expands in Eastern Oregon". East Oregonian.
- ^ a b "U.S. Census website". U.S. Census Bureau. Retrieved August 31, 2018.
- ^ Sorte, Bruce; et al. (November 2009). "Minimum parcel size for viable adaptive farms in Umatilla County: an economic analysis" (PDF). Oregon State University Extension Service and Agricultural & Resource Economics Department - Rural Studies Program. Retrieved August 17, 2011.
- ^ Infrastructure Finance Authority (2009). "Umatilla Community Profile". Business Oregon. Retrieved August 17, 2013.
External links
- Entry for Umatilla in the Oregon Blue Book
- "Umatilla, Oregon Community Exhibit". Center for Columbia River History. Retrieved August 16, 2013., Photos, bibliography, oral histories