Utik
Utik | ||
---|---|---|
Province of Sassanids | 387 AD | |
Today part of | Azerbaijan Armenia |
Utik (
History
According to
According to the Armenian geographer
Greco-Roman historians from the 2nd century BC to the 4th century AD state that Utik was a province of Armenia, with the Kura River separating Armenia and Albania.[16][17][18] But the Armenian-Albanian boundary along the Kura River, confirmed by Greco-Roman sources, was often overrun by armies of both countries.[19]
According to Strabo, Armenia, which in the 6th century BC had covered a large portion of Asia,[20] had lost some of its lands by the 2nd century BC.[21] At the same time Strabo wrote: "According to report, Armenia, though a small country in earlier times, was enlarged by Artaxias and Zariadris". Around 190 BC, under the king Artashes I, Armenia conquered Vaspurakan and Paytakaran from Media, Acilisene from Cataonia, and Taron from Syria[citation needed]. Some have suggested that Utik was among the provinces conquered by Artashes I at this time,[12] though Strabo doesn't list Utik among Artashes' conquests.[21]
King
In the middle of the 5th century, by the order of the Persian king Peroz I, the king Vache of Caucasian Albania built in Utik the city initially called Perozapat, and later Partaw and Barda, and made it the capital of Caucasian Albania.[23][24]
Starting with the 13th century, the area covered by Utik and
Population
In ancient times, the area was inhabited by Armenians and "Utis" (likely the ancestors of modern-day Udi people), after whom it was named.[12][verification needed][25] The early Armenian historian Movses Khorenatsi wrote that the local princes of Utik descended from the Armenian noble family of Sisakan and spoke Armenian.[26]
Utik had been one of the provinces of
See also
References
- ^ a b Chaumont, M. L. (1985). "ALBANIA". Encyclopaedia Iranica, Vol. I, Fasc. 8. pp. 806–810.
The more or less self-interested loyalty of the Albanians explains why the Sasanians helped them to seize from the Armenians the provinces (or districts) of Uti (with the towns of Xałxał and Pʿartaw), Šakašēn, Kołṭʿ, Gardman, and Arcʿax. (...) These territories were to remain in the possession of Albania; a reconquest by Mušeł (cf. Pʿawstos, ibid.) was unlikely.
- ^ Robert H. Hewsen. "Ethno-History and the Armenian Influence upon the Caucasian Albanians," in: Samuelian, Thomas J. (Hg.), Classical Armenian Culture. Influences and Creativity, Chicago: 1982, 27-40.
- ISBN 5-94628-118-6, pp. 226-228.
- ^ Hewsen, Robert H. “The Kingdom of Artsakh,” in T. Samuelian & M. Stone, eds. Medieval Armenian Culture. Chico, CA, 1983
- ^ Hewsen. Armenia, pp. 119, 163
- ^ Schmitt, R. (December 15, 1986). "ARMENIA and IRAN i. Armina, Achaemenid province". Encyclopaedia Iranica. Vol. II. pp. 417–418.
Bordering on Media, Cappadocia, and Assyria, the Armenians settled, according to classical sources (beginning with Herodotus and Xenophon), in the east Anatolian mountains along the Araxes (Aras) river and around Mt. Ararat, Lake Van, Lake Rezaiyeh, and the upper courses of the Euphrates and Tigris; they extended as far north as the Cyrus (Kur) river. To that region they seem to have immigrated only about the 7th century B.C.
- ^ Robert H. Hewsen Armenia: A Historical Atlas. "Strabo's description of the expansion of Zariadris and Artaxias makes it clear just what lands the Orontids had originally controlled: apparently much of Greater Armenia from the Euphrates to the basin of Lake Sevan and possibly beyond to the juncture of the Kur and Arax Rivers (as Harut'yunyan believes and as depicted here)."
- ISBN 0-7007-1452-9.
- ^ Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia," I.13, II.8
- ^ Movses Kaghankatvatsi, "History of Aghvank," I.4
- ^ a b "Wolfgang Schulze. The Language of the 'Caucasian Albanian' (Aluan) Palimpses". Archived from the original on 2001-10-30. Retrieved 2001-10-30.
- ^ a b c d e Igor Kuznetsov. Udis.
- ^ Ptolemy, Geography: Book V, Chapter 13.9
- ^ Anania Shirakatsi. Geography
- ^ Anania Shirakatsi, "Geography"
- ^ Strabo, Geography, 11.14.4, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0198&loc=11.14.1
- ^ Pliny the Elder, "The Natural history ", 6.39: "..the tribe of Albanians settled on the Caucasian mountains, reaches ... the river Kir making border of Armenia and Iberia"
- ^ Claudius Ptolemy, "Geography" 5.12: "Armenia is located from the north to a part of Colchida, Iberia and Albania along the line, which goes through the river Kir (Kura)"
- ^ "Encyclopedia Iranica. M. L. Chaumont. Albania". Archived from the original on 2007-03-10. Retrieved 2006-12-13.
- ^ Strabo, Geography, 11.13.5: "In ancient times Greater Armenia ruled the whole of Asia, after it broke up the empire of the Syrians", http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0198&loc=11.13.1
- ^ a b Strabo, Geography, 11.14.5, http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus:text:1999.01.0198&loc=11.14.1
- ^ Pavstos Buzand, "History of Armenia," 5.13, 4th century AD.
- ^ V. Minorsky, A History of Sharvan and Darband in the 10th-11th centuries, Cambridge (Heffer and Sons), 1958
- ^ Movses Kalankatuatsi. History of Albania
- ^ Agathangelos, History of St. Gregory
- ^ Movses Khorenatsi, "History of Armenia," II.13, II.8
- ^ Pliny. Natural History, Book VI, Chapter 15.
- ^ Schulze, Wolfgang (May 2017). "Caucasian Albanian and the Question of Language and Ethnicity". Language and Ethnic Identity – via ResearchGate.