Republic of Mountainous Armenia

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Republic of Mountainous Armenia
Լեռնահայաստանի Հանրապետութիւն (Armenian)
1920–1921
Armenian
GovernmentRepublic
Prime Minister 
• 1921
Garegin Nzhdeh
• 1921
Simon Vratsian
History 
• Sovietization of Armenia
2 December 1920
18 Feb – 2 Apr 1920
• Declared
26 April 1921
• Disestablished
13 July 1921 1921
ISO 3166 codeAM
Preceded by		 Succeeded by
First Republic of Armenia
Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic
Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic
Today part ofArmenia
Azerbaijan
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Timeline • Origins • Etymology

The Republic of Mountainous Armenia (

Republic of Azerbaijan (in particular, Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic) in the west.[2] It was established by military commander and Armenian political thinker Garegin Nzhdeh and his allies with the support of local guerrilla forces, following the suppression of the February Uprising
in April 1921. It was not recognized by any country but existed until mid-July of the same year.

In 1920–1921 with an Armenian Citizen Army of around 15,000 General Nzhdeh and his highly motivated soldiers inflicted heavy casualties upon the Kemalist Turkish army of over 100,000 coming from the West (Ankara) and the Soviet Red Army with over 150,000 forces coming from the East (Baku).

Background

Post World War I

Following

Bolsheviks sympathized with the Turkish Movement due to their mutual opposition to the western powers, or "Western Imperialism," as the Bolsheviks referred to it. The Soviet government allied with the Turkish nationalists and sent them gold and weapons. This proved disastrous for the Armenians, and eventually Western Armenia fell to the invading forces.[5]

Sovietization of Armenia

Main article: Red Army invasion of Armenia
11th Red Army enters Yerevan
in 1920, effectively ending Armenian self-rule.

Armenia gave way to communist power in late 1920. The Soviet 11th Red Army's invasion of the First Republic of Armenia started on the 29 November 1920. The actual transfer of power took place on December 2 in Yerevan, when the Armenian leadership approved an ultimatum presented to it by the Soviet plenipotentiary

Soviet Azerbaijan. This step was strongly rejected by Garegin Nzhdeh, who declared Syunik as a self-governing region on December 25, 1920. In January 1921 Drastamat Kanayan sent a telegram to Nzhdeh, suggesting allowing the sovietisation of Syunik, through which they could gain the support of the Bolshevik government in solving the problems of the Armenian lands. Nzhdeh did not depart from Syunik and continued his struggle against the Red Army and Soviet Azerbaijan.[6][unreliable source?
]

Declaration

Garegin Nzhdeh was the leader of anti-Bolshevik resistance.

On 18 February 1921, the ARF led an anti-Soviet rebellion in Yerevan and seized power. The ARF controlled Yerevan and the surrounding regions for almost 42 days before being defeated by the numerically superior Red Army troops later in April 1921. The leaders of the rebellion then retreated into the Syunik region.

On 26 April 1921, the 2nd Pan-Zangezurian congress, held in

Tatev monastery, announced the independence of the self-governing regions of Daralakyaz (Vayots Dzor), Zangezur, and Mountainous Artsakh, under the name of the Republic of Mountainous Armenia and later on 1 June 1921, it was renamed the Republic of Armenia.[7]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Լեռնահայաստանի 85-ամյակը նշեցին միայն Սյունիքի մարզկերտում". Armtown.com. April 27, 2006. Archived from the original on July 16, 2011.
  2. ^ "Republic of Mountainous Armenia (26 April 1921, capital: Goris, including: Syunik, Vayots Dzor and parts of modern-day NKR)". Archived from the original on 21 October 2014. Retrieved 26 November 2013.
  3. ^ Hovannisian, Richard G. "The Allies and Armenia, 1915–18." Journal of Contemporary History. Vol. 3, No. 1 (Jan., 1968), pp. 145–168.
  4. ISBN 978-0520041868
    .
  5. ^ Hovannisian, Richard G. "Armenia and the Caucasus in the Genesis of the Soviet-Turkish Entente." International Journal of Middle East Studies, Vol. 4, No. 2 (April, 1973), pp. 129–147.
  6. ^ "Garegin Njdeh biography". Njdeh.com. Archived from the original on May 4, 2009. Retrieved 2009-11-19.
  7. ^ Mountainous Armenia

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