Vanellus
Vanellus | |
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Vanellus miles novaehollandiae
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Vanellus vanellus
| |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Charadriiformes |
Family: | Charadriidae |
Subfamily: | Vanellinae |
Genus: | Vanellus Brisson, 1760 |
Type species | |
Tringa vanellus[1] Linnaeus, 1758
| |
Species | |
24, see text | |
Synonyms | |
Afribyx Mathews, 1913 |
Vanellus is the genus of waders which provisionally contains all lapwings except red-kneed dotterel, Erythrogonys cinctus. The name "vanellus" is Latin for "little fan", vanellus being the diminutive of vannus ("winnowing fan"). The name is in reference to the sound lapwings' wings make in flight.[2][3]
Description
These long-legged waders mostly have strongly patterned plumage. Although the most familiar Eurasian lapwing, Vanellus vanellus (northern lapwing), has a wispy crest, only two other species do so. Red or yellow facial wattles are a more typical decoration.
Only northern, sociable, white-tailed, grey-headed and brown-chested lapwings are truly migratory species. The Andean lapwing moves downhill in winter.
Spur-winged, blacksmith, river, southern, Andean and pied lapwings are boldly patterned, red-eyed species with a spurred carpal (wrist) joint.
Many species have wattles which can be small (black-headed, spot-breasted, red-wattled and banded lapwings) or large (white-crowned, African wattled, yellow-wattled, Javan, and masked lapwings). The latter species are the largest of the plover family, since several exceed 30 cm (12 in).
Systematics
The genus Vanellus was erected by the French zoologist
The systematics of Vanellus have hitherto resisted clear resolution. Essentially, no major revision can be brought to agree with another, and up to 19
The only thing that can be said with a fair degree of certainty is that according to the
List of species in taxonomic order
- Northern lapwing, also known as green plover and as peewit, Vanellus vanellus
Alternatively placed in Hemiparra:
- Long-toed lapwing, Vanellus crassirostris
Alternatively placed in Anitibyx:
- Blacksmith lapwing or blacksmith plover, Vanellus armatus
Alternatively placed in Hoplopterus:
- Spur-winged lapwing or "spur-winged plover", Vanellus spinosus
- River lapwing or "spur-winged lapwing", Vanellus duvaucelii
Alternatively placed in Sarciophorus, Lobivanellus or Hoplopterus:
- Black-headed lapwing or black-headed plover, Vanellus tectus
Alternatively placed in Lobipluvia or Hoplopterus:
- Yellow-wattled lapwing, Vanellus malabaricus
Alternatively placed in Xiphidiopterus or Hoplopterus:
- White-crowned lapwing, white-headed lapwing, white-crowned plover or white-headed plover, Vanellus albiceps
Alternatively placed in Stephanibyx or Hoplopterus:
- Senegal lapwing or lesser black-winged lapwing, Vanellus lugubris
- Black-winged lapwing or greater black-winged lapwing, Vanellus melanopterus
- Crowned lapwing or crowned plover, Vanellus coronatus
Alternatively placed in Afribyx:
- African wattled lapwing or wattled lapwing, Vanellus senegallus
Alternatively placed in Tylibyx, Lobivanellus or Hoplopterus:
- Spot-breasted lapwing, Vanellus melanocephalus
Alternatively placed in Anomalophrys:
- Brown-chested lapwing, Vanellus superciliosus
Alternatively placed in Microsarcops or Hoplopterus:
- Grey-headed lapwing, Vanellus cinereus
Alternatively placed in Lobivanellus or Hoplopterus:
- Red-wattled lapwing, Vanellus indicus
Alternatively placed in Rogibyx:
- Javan lapwing, Javanese lapwing, or Javanese wattled lapwing, Vanellus macropterus
Alternatively placed in Zonifer, Lobivanellus or Hoplopterus:
- Banded lapwing, Vanellus tricolor
Alternatively placed in Lobibyx, Lobivanellus or Hoplopterus:
- Masked lapwing or "spur-winged plover", Vanellus miles
Alternatively placed in Chettusia:
- Sociable lapwing or sociable plover, Vanellus gregarius
Alternatively placed in Vanellochettusia or Chettusia:
- White-tailed lapwing or white-tailed plover, Vanellus leucurus
Alternatively placed in Hoploxypterus:
- Pied lapwing, Vanellus cayanus
Alternatively placed in Belonopterus:
- Southern lapwing, Vanellus chilensis
Alternatively placed in Ptiloscelys or Belonopterus:
- Andean lapwing, Vanellus resplendens
Prehistoric species
Species known only from
- Vanellus madagascariensis (14th century Madagascar)[9]
- Vanellus liffyae (Late Pliocene of central Australia)[10]
- Vanellus lilloi (Middle/Late Pleistocene of Centinela del Mar, Argentina)
- Vanellus downsi (Late Pleistocene of Rancho La Brea, USA)
- Vanellus edmundi (Late Pleistocene of Talalra, Peru)
The last three of these seem to be very closely related to the
Neither the
References
- ^ "Charadriidae". aviansystematics.org. The Trust for Avian Systematics. Retrieved 2023-07-27.
- ^ Terres & NAS (1980): p.741
- ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ Brisson, Mathurin Jacques (1760). Ornithologie, ou, Méthode Contenant la Division des Oiseaux en Ordres, Sections, Genres, Especes & leurs Variétés (in French and Latin). Paris: Jean-Baptiste Bauche. Vol. 1, p. 48, Vol. 5, p. 94.
- ^ a b Peters, James Lee, ed. (1934). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 2. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. p. 235.
- ^ Linnaeus, C. (1758). Systema Naturæ per regna tria naturae, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis, Volume 1 (in Latin). Vol. v.1 (10th ed.). Holmiae:Laurentii Salvii. p. 148.
- ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- ^ a b Piersma & Wiersma (1996), Thomas et al. (2004)
- ^ Goodman, Steven M (1997). "Description of a new species of subfossil lapwing (Aves: Charadriiformes, Charadriidae, Vanellus) from Madagascar". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. 18: 607–614.
- S2CID 90021022.
- ^ Campbell (2002)
- ^ Not Dolichopterus, contra Mlíkovský (2002)
- ^ Mlíkovský (2002)
Sources
- Campbell, Kenneth E. Jr. (2002): A new species of Late Pleistocene lapwing from Rancho La Brea, California [English with Spanish abstract].
- Mlíkovský, Jirí (2002): Cenozoic Birds of the World, Part 1: Europe. Ninox Press, Prague.
- Piersma, Theunis & Wiersma, Popko (1996): Family Charadriidae (Plovers). In: del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew & Sargatal, Jordi (eds.): ISBN 84-87334-20-2
- Thomas, Gavin H.; Wills, Matthew A. & Székely, Tamás (2004). "A supertree approach to shorebird phylogeny". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 4: 28. PMID 15329156.
Further reading
- Hayman, Peter; Marchant, John & Prater, Tony (1986): Shorebirds: an identification guide to the waders of the world. Houghton Mifflin, Boston. ISBN 0-395-60237-8
- Terres, John K. & ISBN 0-394-46651-9
External links
- Media related to Vanellus at Wikimedia Commons
- Data related to Vanellus at Wikispecies
- Lapwing videos on the Internet Bird Collection