Variegate porphyria
Variegate porphyria | |
---|---|
Other names | Mixed hepatic porphyria,[1] Mixed porphyria,[1] South African genetic porphyria,[1]: 525 and South African porphyria.[2] |
Protoporphyrinogen IX | |
Specialty | Endocrinology |
Symptoms | skin problems, Enzyme difficiency. |
Causes | genetic mutations. |
Treatment | liver transplants. |
Variegate porphyria, also known by
.Signs and symptoms
When symptoms occur, they can include acute attacks (similar to
Some people with variegate porphyria have skin that is overly sensitive to
Rarely, the signs and symptoms of variegate porphyria can begin in infancy or early childhood. In such cases, the signs and symptoms are usually more severe than those starting later in life.[citation needed]
Genetics
Variegate porphyria is inherited in an
The entire PPOX gene has about 8kb with 13 exon sequences. It was successfully cloned from a cDNA library in 1995 revealing that, after processing, it is 477 nucleotides long. It has previously been thought that the PPOX gene was located on human chromosome 14,[5] however mapping experiments (FISH) have shown that it is near 1q23.[6] An additional aggravating mutation affecting variegate porphyria can be found at 6p21.3 on the HFE gene.[7]
A 2006 clinical, biochemical and mutational study of eight Swiss variegate porphyria patients and their families found four novel PPOX gene mutations believed to be unique to the Swiss population.[8]
Diagnosis
Diagnosis is by finding raised urine porphyrins, raised faecal porphyrins, markedly raised plasma porphyrins (pathognomic) and finding photosensitive cutaneous lesions on clinical examination.[citation needed]
Treatment
Epidemiology
In South Africa, the prevalence of variegate porphyria is approximately 1 in 300.[10] In Finland, the prevalence is approximately 1 in 75,000.[11]
It is also found in Argentina,[12] Sweden,[13] and Australia.[14]
References
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7216-2921-6.
- ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
- ^ "porphyria variegata" at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- S2CID 40665725.
- S2CID 27271722.
- PMID 8634714.
- PMID 10401000.
- S2CID 33670384.
- PMID 15237381.
- ISBN 978-1-4051-3400-2.
- PMID 7433635.
- PMID 18570668.
- S2CID 38314848.
- S2CID 34572600.)
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This article incorporates public domain text from The U.S. National Library of Medicine
External links
- Variegate porphyria at NIH's Office of Rare Diseases