Volvopluteus gloiocephalus

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Volvopluteus gloiocephalus
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Pluteaceae
Genus: Volvopluteus
Species:
V. gloiocephalus
Binomial name
Volvopluteus gloiocephalus
(DC.) Vizzini, Contu & Justo (2011)
Synonyms[1]

Volvariella speciosa (

P.Kumm.
(1871)
Volvariella gloiocephala (Fr.) Gillet (1876)

Volvopluteus gloiocephalus
View the Mycomorphbox template that generates the following list
Gills on hymenium
Cap is ovate or flat
Hymenium is free
Stipe has a volva
Spore print is pink to pinkish-brown
Ecology is
saprotrophic
Edibility is edible but not recommended

Volvopluteus gloiocephalus, commonly known as the big sheath mushroom, rose-gilled grisette, or stubble rosegill, is a species of

saprotrophic fungus that grows on grassy fields and accumulations of organic matter like compost or woodchips
piles. It has been reported from all continents except Antarctica.

Taxonomy

This

Nomenclature Committee for Fungi[8] established under the principles of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
.

Phylogenetic relationships between Volvopluteus gloiocephalus and related species as inferred from ITS data.[9]

Despite the generic name Volvariella being adopted in 1953 the name Volvariella gloiocephala did not exist until 1986, when the placement of the species in that genus was formally proposed by mycologists Teun Boekhout and Manfred Enderle.

neotype to serve as a representative example of the species.[12]

The phylogenetic study of Justo and colleagues showed that Volvariella gloiocephala and related taxa are a separate clade from the majority of the species traditionally classified in Volvariella and therefore another name change was necessary, now as the type species of the newly proposed genus Volvopluteus.[13]

The epithet gloiocephalus comes from the Greek terms gloia (γλοία = glue or glutinous substance) and kephalē (κεφαλή = head) meaning "with a sticky head" making reference to the viscid cap surface. It is commonly known as the "big sheath mushroom",[14] "rose-gilled grisette"[15] or the "stubble rosegill".[16]

Description

Young and mature specimens
Fruit body with grey cap

The

flesh is white on stipe and cap and it does not change when bruised or exposed to air. Smell and taste vary from indistinct to raphanoid (radish-like) or similar to raw peeled potatoes. The spore print is pinkish brown.[9][17][18]

The

Caulocystidia are sometimes present, measuring 70–180 by 10–25 μm; they are mostly cylindrical.[9][17] Clamp connections are absent from the hyphae.[20]

Microscopy
Basidiospores; small divisions are 1 μm Pleurocystidia Cheilocystidia

Edibility

Volvopluteus gloiocephalus is

protein 1.49 g/100 g fresh weight (fw), 18.36 g/100 g dry weight (dw); fat 0.54 g/100 g fw, 6.65 g/100g dw; carbohydrates 5.33 g/100g fw, 65.64 g/100 g dw.[23]

Similar species

Molecular analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region clearly separate the four species currently recognized in Volvopluteus, but morphological identification can be more difficult due to the sometimes overlapping morphological variation among the species. Size of the fruit bodies, color of the cap, spore size, presence or absence of cystidia and morphology of the cystidia are the most important characters for morphological species delimitation in the genus. V. earlei has smaller fruit bodies (cap less than 5 cm (2 in) in diameter), has no pleurocystidia (usually), and the cheilocystidia usually have a very long apical excrescence (outgrowth). In V. asiaticus the majority of the pleurocystidia have an apical excrescence up to 10–15 μm long and the cheilocystidia are predominantly lageniform (flask-shaped). V. michiganensis has smaller basidiospores, on average less than 12.5 μm long.[9] Volvariella acystidiata, known from central Africa (Zaire) and Italy, somewhat resembles Volvopluteus gloiocephalus. It can be distinguished from the latter by its smaller fruit bodies, with caps up to 3 cm (1.2 in) in diameter, and, microscopically, by the complete absence of cheilo- and pleurocystidia.[24]

Ecology, habitat, and distribution

Volvopluteus gloicephalus is a

saprotrophic mushroom that grows on the ground in gardens, grassy fields, both in and outside forest areas, and on accumulations of vegetable matter like compost or woodchips piles.[9][17] It has also been reported fruiting in greenhouses.[14] In China, it grows in bamboo thickets. It usually fruits in groups of several basidiocarps but it can also be found growing solitary.[9][17] It is not unusual for a season of "spectacular" fruiting to be followed by several years with no appearance of the mushroom.[25]

This species has been reported from all continents except Antarctica, usually under names such as Volvariella gloiocephala or Volvariella speciosa. Molecular data have so far corroborated its occurrence in Europe and North America but records from other continents remain unconfirmed.[9]

References

  1. ^ "Volvopluteus gloiocephalus (DC) Vizzini, Contu & Justo 2011". MycoBank. International Mycological Association. Retrieved 2013-04-10.
  2. ^ Lamarck J-B, de Candolle AP (1815). Flore française: ou, Descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France, disposées selon une novelle méthode d'analyse, et précédées par un exposé des principes élémentaires de la botanique (in French). Vol. 6. p. 52.
  3. ^ Fries EM (1821). Systema Mycologicum (in Latin). Vol. 1. Lundin, Sweden: Ex Officina Berlingiana. p. 278.
  4. ^ Gillet CC (1878). Les champignons (fungi, hyménomycètes) qui croissent en France. Description et iconographie propriétés utiles ou vénéneuses. Paris, France: J. B. Baillière. p. 387.
  5. ^ Kummer P. (1871). Der Führer in die Pilzkunde : Anleitung zum methodischen, leichten und sichern Bestimmen der in Deutschland vorkommenden Pilze : mit Ausnahme der Schimmel- und allzu winzigen Schleim- und Kern-Pilzchen. Zerbst, Germany: Verlag von E. Luppe's Buchhandlung. p. 387.
  6. ^ Lamarck J-B, de Candolle AP (1805). Flore française: ou, Descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France, disposées selon une novelle méthode d'analyse, et précédées par un exposé des principes élémentaires de la botanique (in French). p. 572.
  7. ^ Spegazzini CL (1899). "Fungi Argentini novi vel critici". Anales del Museo Nacional de Historia Natural de Buenos Aires. 6: 81–365 (see p. 119).
  8. JSTOR 1217581
    .
  9. ^
    S2CID 1719751
    .
  10. ^ a b Boekhout T, Enderle M (1986). "Volvariella gloiocepha (DC.: Fr.) Boekhout & Enderle comb. nov". Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Pilze Mitteleuropas. 2: 77–79.
  11. ^ Fries EM (1818). Observationes mycologicae (in Latin). Vol. 2. Hafnia (Copenhagen), Denmark: sumptibus G. Bonnieri. p. 1.
  12. ^ Boekhout T, Enderle M (1996). "Typification of Volvariella gloiocephala (DC: Fr) Boekhout & Enderle". Persoonia. 16 (2): 249–51.
  13. PMID 21215950
    .
  14. ^
    ISBN 978-0-395-91090-0
    .
  15. ^
    ISBN 978-1-84330-891-1
    .
  16. ^ Holden EM (2003). "Recommended English Names for Fungi in the UK" (PDF). British Mycological Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-03-02. Retrieved 2011-12-17.
  17. ^
    ISBN 978-90-6191-972-8
    .
  18. ^
    ISBN 978-0-520-27108-1
    .
  19. ^
    ISBN 978-90-6191-859-2
    .
  20. ISBN 978-962-201-556-2
    .
  21. ISBN 978-1-875560-80-6
    .
  22. ISBN 978-1-60358-214-8
    .
  23. doi:10.1556/AAlim.36.2007.1.11
    .
  24. S2CID 88436813
    .
  25. ISBN 978-1-58729-725-0
    .

External links
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