Wanyan Liang

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Wanyan Liang
完顔亮
Fangshan District, Beijing)
SpouseEmpress Tudan
others
IssueSee § Family
Names
sinicised name: Wanyan Liang (完顔亮)
Jurchen name: Digunai (迪古乃)
Courtesy name: Yuangong (元功)
Era dates
Tiande (天德): 1149–1153
Zhenyuan (貞元): 1153–1156
Zhenglong (正隆): 1156–1161
Posthumous name
Prince Yang of Hailing (海陵煬王) (revoked in 1181)
HouseWanyan
DynastyJin
FatherWanyan Zonggan
MotherLady Da
Wanyan Liang
Hanyu Pinyin
Wányán Liàng

Digunai (24 February 1122 – 15 December 1161), also known by his

Southern Song dynasty, Digunai's subordinates rebelled against him and assassinated him. After his death, even though he ruled as an emperor during his lifetime, he was posthumously demoted to the status of a prince – "Prince Yang of Hailing" (海陵煬王) – in 1162 by his successor, Emperor Shizong
. However, in 1181, Emperor Shizong further posthumously demoted him to the status of a commoner, hence he is also known as the "Commoner of Hailing" (海陵庶人).

Background

Main article: Jin–Song Wars

Digunai was the second son of Woben (斡本; also known as Wanyan Zonggan 完顏宗幹), a son of Aguda (Emperor Taizu), the founder of the Jin dynasty. His mother, Lady Da, came from an elite family of Balhae descent.[1] Emperor Taizu's brother and successor, Emperor Taizong, started a series of wars between the Jin and Song dynasties. During the reign of Emperor Xizong, who succeeded Emperor Taizong, Wanyan Zonggan was described as the most influential man in the Jin imperial court.[2]

Digunai, who was an army marshal under Emperor Xizong, overthrew the emperor in a coup d'état in 1150 and replaced him.[3] Having seized the throne through illegitimate means, Digunai was suspicious of other members of the Jurchen aristocracy, and, immediately upon taking the throne, started eliminating potential rivals. He ordered the massacre of the descendants of Emperor Taizong, so as to secure the position of the lineage of Emperor Taizu, to which he belonged.[4]

Reign

Digunai capitalised on the Jin dynasty's "superior status" vis-à-vis the

Acheng District, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province to Yanjing (present-day Beijing) in 1153. In 1157, he ordered the destruction of the imperial palaces in Shangjing.[5]

In contrast to the traditions of the Tang and Song dynasties, which rarely imposed corporal punishment on the members of the society's educated elites, Digunai continued the Khitan and Jurchen tradition of floggings with gusto, sometimes enjoying personally watching his subjects – including chancellors, censors, and a princess – beaten with poles or whips.[4]

Assassination

Main articles: Battle of Caishi and Battle of Tangdao

Digunai's attempts to conquer the

Yangtze River.[8] Digunai's cousin, Wulu, who had led a rebellion against Digunai's rule, was proclaimed the new emperor.[7]

Family

Parents

Consort and issue(s):

  • Empress Tudan (徒單皇后; d.1170), of the Tudan clan
  • Noble Consort, of the Tangkuo clan (貴妃 唐括氏), personal name Dingge (定哥)
  • Nailahu (奈剌忽), First Consort (元妃), ex-wife of Zhang Ding'an (張定安)
  • First Consort, of the Da clan of Bohai (元妃 大氏),
  • Consort Li, of the Tangukuo clan (麗妃唐括氏), personal name Shigge (石哥)
  • Consort Chen, of the Xiao clan (宸妃 蕭氏)
  • Consort Li, of the Yelü clan (麗妃 耶律氏)
  • Consort Zhao, of the Pucha clan (昭妃 蒲察氏), personal name Alihu (阿里虎)
  • Consort Zhao (昭妃), personal name Alan (阿懶)
  • Consort Rou, of the Yelü clan (柔妃 耶律氏)
  • Consort Zhao, of the Wanyan clan (昭妃完顏氏),[9] personal name Shigu (什古)[10]
  • Consort Shu, of the
    Wanyan clan (淑妃完顏氏), personal name Pula (蒲剌)[11]
  • Consort Shu, of the
    Wanyan clan (淑妃完顏氏), personal name Shigu'er (師姑兒)[12]
  • Consort Gui, of the
    Wanyan clan (貴妃 完顏氏), personal name Shaliguzhen (莎里古真)[13]
  • Consort Zhao, of the Wanyan clan (昭妃), personal name Chongjie (重節)
  • Consort Li, of Tanguko clan (麗妃唐括氏),, personal name Puluhuzhi (魯胡只)[14]
  • Zhaoyuan, of the Yelü clan (昭媛 耶律氏)
  • Xiuyi, of the Gao clan (修儀 高氏)
  • Cairen, of the Nan clan (才人 南氏)
    • Wanyan Guangyang, Prince of Teng (滕王 完顏廣陽), 4th son
  • Lady, of the Pucha clan (蒲察氏), personal name Chacha (叉察)[15]
  • Unknown:
    • Princess of Rong (榮國公主), personal name Henü (合女)
      • married Tushan Sila (單術斯剌)
    • Unnamed Princess
      • married Xiao Yu's son (蕭玉)
    • Unnamed Princess
      • married Wugulun Yi (烏古論誼)

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ Sloane, Jesse D. “Mapping a Stateless Nation: 'Bohai' Identity in the Twelfth to Fourteenth Centuries.” Journal of Song-Yuan Studies, no. 44, 2014, p. 381. JSTOR, https://www.hjstor.org/stable/44511247?seq=17#metadata_info_tab_contents. Accessed 29 June. 2021.
  2. ^ Tao, p. 43
  3. ^ Chinese History – Jin Dynasty 金 (1115–1234) event history
  4. ^ a b Tao, p.45
  5. ^ a b c Tao, p.44
  6. ^ Tao, pp. 23–24
  7. ^ a b Tao, p. 70
  8. ISBN 978-0-231-11004-4
    .
  9. ^ Wanyan Zongwang's daughter
  10. ^ formally known as Princess Shouning (壽寧縣主)
  11. Wanyan Zongbi's
    daughter, formally known as Princess Jingle (靜樂縣主)
  12. ^ Wanyan Zongjun's daughter
  13. ^ Known as Princess Huntong (混同郡君), daughter of Wanyan Zongben
  14. ^ cousin of Tangkuo Dingge and Tangkuo Shigge
  15. ^ daughter of Princess Qingyi (慶宜公主)

Sources

  • Jing-shen Tao, The Jurchen in Twelfth-Century China. University of Washington Press, 1976,
    ISBN 0-295-95514-7
    .
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