Warg

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This article is about the fictional species. For other uses, see Warg (disambiguation).

In the

anglicised as warg) is a wolf, especially the wolf Fenrir that destroyed the god Odin in the battle of Ragnarök, and the wolves Sköll and Hati, Fenrir's children, who perpetually chase the Sun and Moon. In Old English
, a wearh is an outcast who may be strangled to death.

Through

fantasy books by authors including George R. R. Martin, and in media such as video games and role-playing games
.

Etymology and origins

Further information: Tolkien and the Norse
image stone from the Hunnestad Monument, constructed in 985–1035 AD[1][2]

The Tolkien scholar Tom Shippey states that Tolkien's spelling "warg" is a cross of Old Norse vargr and Old English wearh. He notes that the words embody a shift in meaning from "wolf" to "outlaw": vargr carries both meanings, while wearh means "outcast" or "outlaw", but has lost the sense of "wolf".[3] In Old Norse, vargr is derived from the

Proto-Indo-European (PIE) root reconstructed as *werg̑ʰ- "destroy". Vargr (compare modern Swedish varg "wolf") arose as a non-taboo name for úlfr, the normal Old Norse term for "wolf".[4]
Shippey adds that there is also an Old English verb, awyrgan, meaning both "to condemn [an outcast]" and "to strangle [an outcast to death]"; he adds that a possible further sense is "to worry [a sheep], to bite to death".[5] He writes that

Tolkien's word 'Warg' clearly splits the difference between Old Norse and Old English pronunciations, and his concept of them – wolves, but not just wolves, intelligent and malevolent wolves – combines the two ancient opinions.[5]

In

seeress rides a wolf.[8] To Baldr's funeral, the jötunn Hyrrokkin arrived on a wolf.[1]

The medievalist and Tolkien scholar Marjorie Burns writes that Tolkien uses the fact that wolves were among the Norse god Odin's war beasts "in a particularly innovative way".[9] Odin kept two wolves, Freki and Geri, their names both meaning "Greedy"; and in the final battle that destroys the world, Ragnarök, Odin is killed and eaten by the gigantic wolf Fenrir. Thus, Burns points out, wolves were both associates of Odin, and his mortal enemy. She argues that Tolkien made use of both relationships in The Lord of the Rings. In her view, both the dark lord Sauron and the evil Wizard Saruman embody "attributes of a negative Odin".[9] She points out that Saruman has wargs in his army, while Sauron uses "the likeness of a ravening wolf"[T 1] for the enormous battering ram named Grond which destroys the main gate of Minas Tirith. On the other side, the benevolent Wizard Gandalf leads the fight against the wargs in The Hobbit, using his ability to create fire, and understands their language. In The Fellowship of the Ring, Gandalf again uses magic and fire to drive off a great wolf, "The Hound of Sauron",[T 2] and his wolf-pack; Burns writes that the wolves' attempt "to devour Gandalf hints at Odin's fate", recalling the myth of Fenrir and Odin.[9]

J. R. R. Tolkien

Further information:
Tolkien's sentience dilemma

... and in the middle of the circle was a great grey wolf. He spoke to them in the dreadful language of the Wargs. Gandalf understood it. Bilbo did not, but it sounded terrible to him, and as if all their talk was about cruel and wicked things, as it was. Every now and then all the Wargs in the circle would answer their grey chief all together ...

Tolkien's description of wargs in The Hobbit[T 3]

In

Orcs whom they permit to ride on their backs into battle, sharing any spoils. In The Hobbit, they can speak: they plan their part in "a great goblin-raid" on the woodmen's villages.[T 3][11]

Tolkien's wargs influenced the ten-year-old Rayner Unwin to write a positive review of The Hobbit, with the words "Bilbo Baggins was a hobbit who lived in his hobbit hole and never went for adventures, at last Gandalf the wizard and his dwarves persuaded him to go. He had a very ex[c]iting time fighting goblins and wargs." The review led his father, Stanley Unwin, to publish the book, still doubting its likely commercial success.[12]

Riders of Rohan.[13]

riders of Rohan.[13]

The critic Gregory Hartley treats wargs as "personified animals", along with the

Carcharoth, with their own "proto-language".[15]

Other authors and media

In

Hodor, a person), see what they are seeing, and control their actions.[16]
Similar Tolkien-based creatures appear in a number of fantasy video games, including
Worgen.[17]

See also

References

Primary

  1. ^ Tolkien 1955, book 5, ch. 4, "The Siege of Gondor"
  2. ^ Tolkien 1954a, book 2, ch. 4, "A Journey in the Dark"
  3. ^ a b Tolkien 1937 ch. 6 "Out of the Frying-pan into the Fire"

Secondary

  1. ^
    ISBN 978-1-60925-312-7
    .
  2. ^ Olsson, Göran. "Hunnestadsmonumentet" [The Hunnestad Monument] (in Swedish). Hunnestad.org (Village). Retrieved 10 May 2020. Hunnestadsmonumentet kom till i en tid då makten centraliserades i Norden. Inristningen bör ha skett under en period, åren 985-1035, då Sven Tveskägg eller Knut den store hade makten i Skandinavien, eller de närmaste åren efter denna period.
  3. ISBN 978-0261102750
    .
  4. Clarendon Press
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 978-0261-10401-3
    .
  6. ISBN 978-0-85991-513-7
    .
  7. ISBN 978-0-19-283946-6
    .
  8. ISBN 978-0-8153-1660-2
    .
  9. ^
    ISBN 978-0802038067
    .
  10. J.R.R. Tolkien Encyclopedia: Scholarship and Critical Assessment
    . p. 433.
  11. ISBN 978-0-415-86511-1
    .
  12. ISBN 978-1-78694-682-9
    .
  13. ^
    ISBN 978-0-7864-8473-7
    .
  14. OCLC 889426663
    .
  15. ISBN 978-0-7864-9631-0
    .
  16. ISBN 978-0-691-23274-4
    .
  17. OCLC 953456168
    .

Sources
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