Translations of The Hobbit
J. R. R. Tolkien's The Hobbit has been translated into many languages. Known translations, with their first date of publication, are:
| Language | Year | Title | Translator | Illustrator | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Afrikaans | 2017 | Die Hobbit | Janie Oosthuysen | ISBN 978-1-4853-0763-1
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| Albanian | 2005 | Hobiti | Maklen Misha | ISBN 99943-641-8-9
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Arabic
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2008 | الهوبيت، أو ذهابًا وعودة (Al-Hūbīt, aw Zehaban wa ʿAwda) |
هشام فهمي - مي غنيم (Hisham Fahmy - May Ghanim) |
Dokki, Giza: Dar Lila (No ISBN) | |
| Armenian | 1984 | ՀՈԲԻՏ կամ գնալն ու գալը (HOBIT kam gnaln u galy) | Emma Makarian | Yerevan. Translated from the Russian translation by N. Rakhmanova. Uses the Belomlinskij illustrations from the Rakhmanova Russian edition. | |
| Armenian | 2014 | Հոբիթը (Hobit'y) | Nune Torosyan. Edited by Zaven Boyajyan. | Yerevan. Maps are also translated. | |
| Asturian | 2014 | El Hobbit | Miguel Gallego Gómez | ISBN 978-84-617-1545-9 .
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| Belarusian | 2002 | Хобіт, або Вандроўка туды і назад (Chobit, abo Vandroŭka tudy i nazad) | K. Kurchankova and D. Magilevtsav | Minsk. Contains both maps with place-names in Belarusian, based on the Belomlinskij Russian maps. | |
| Basque | 2008 | Hobbita edo Joan-etorri bat | Sergio Ibarrola and Xabier Olarra | ISBN 978-84-87484-88-9 . Maps with place-names in English
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| Bengali | 2011 | হবিট (Hôbiţô) | Aniruddha | ISBN 978-93-80151-93-9 .
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| Breton | 2001 | An Hobbit, pe eno ha distro | Alan Dipode | ISBN 2-911979-03-6 . Contains both maps with place-names in Breton; the runes are translated into Breton.
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| 2020 | An Hobbit, pe, Eno ha Distro | Revised by Alan Dipode and Joshua Tyra | ISBN 978-1-78201-268-9 (pb). Revised and corrected edition. Breton maps, runes, and captions by Michael Everson. Contains both maps with place-names in Breton; the runes are translated into Breton. Includes all of Tolkien's illustrations with Breton captions. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Kaozeadenn gant Smaog') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Breton. Includes glossaries and translators' notes.
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| Bulgarian | 1975 | Билбо Бегинс или дотам и обратно (Bilbo Begins ili dotam i obratno) | Красимира Тодорова (Krasimira Todorova) | Peter Chouklev | Sofia: Narodna Mladezh (София, "Народна младеж"). Verse translations by Assen Todorov (Асен Тодоров). |
| Catalan | 1983 | El Hòbbit o viatge d'anada i tornada | Francesc Parcerisas | The runes and both maps (the one for the Wildlands and the other one for the ISBN 84-8264-277-4 .
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| Traditional Chinese | 2001 | 魔戒前傳 哈比人歷險記 (Mojie qianzhuan: Habiren lixianji) |
朱學恆 (Lucifer Chu) | Both maps are in Chinese. ISBN 957-08-2334-8
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| Simplified Chinese | 2002 | 魔戒前传: 霍比特人 (Mojie qianzhuan: Huobiteren) |
李尧 (Li Yao) | ISBN 7-80657-190-6
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| Simplified Chinese | 2013 | 霍比特人 (Huobiteren) |
吴刚 (Wu Gang) | ||
| Cornish | 2014 | An Hobys, pò, An Fordh Dy ha Tre Arta | Nicholas Williams
|
ISBN 978-1-78201-089-0 (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Cornish; the runes are translated into Cornish. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Kescows gans Smawg') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Cornish.
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| Croatian | 1994 | Hobit ili tamo i opet natrag | Zlatko Crnković | (See also Serbo-Croatian, below) | |
| Czech | 1979 | Hobit, aneb cesta tam a zase zpátky | František Vrba | Jiří Šalamoun | Prague: Odeon. In book translation credited for political reasons to Lubomír Dorůžka. |
| Danish | 1969 | Hobbitten, eller ud og hjem igen | Ida Nyrop Ludvigsen | J. R. R. Tolkien | Copenhagen: Gyldendal. 1969. No maps. |
| Danish | 2012 | Hobbitten, eller ud og hjem igen | Jakob Levinsen | ISBN 978-87-02-12852-9 .
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| Dutch | 1960 | De Hobbit of daarheen en weer terug | Max Schuchart | Het Spectrum . 1960. No maps.
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| Esperanto | 2000 | La Hobito aŭ Tien kaj Reen | Christopher Gledhill, poems translated by William Auld | Kaliningrad: Sezonoj. Rereleased in 2005. Runes are translated to Esperanto. | |
| Esperanto | 2015 | La Hobito, aŭ, Tien kaj Reen | Christopher Gledhill, poems translated by William Auld | ISBN 978-1-78201-109-5 (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Esperanto; the runes are translated into Esperanto. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Konversacio kun Smaŭg') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Esperanto.
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| Estonian | 1977 | Kääbik, ehk, Sinna ja tagasi | Lia Rajandi (prose and poems), Harald Rajamets (poems) | Maret Kernumees | Tallinn: Eesti raamat |
| Faroese | 1990 | Hobbin ella út og heim aftur | Axel Tórgarð | Hoyvík: Stíðin. Both maps translated into Faroese. The runic text was replaced with (Faroese) medieval dotted runes and translated into Faroese. Tolkien's pictures left as they were, Faroese translation added below. | |
| Finnish | 1973 | Lohikäärmevuori, eli Erään hoppelin matka sinne ja takaisin | Risto Pitkänen | Helsinki: Tammi | |
| Finnish | 1985 | Hobitti eli Sinne ja takaisin | Kersti Juva | Tove Jansson (from 1962 Swedish edition) | Helsinki: Werner Söderström. With Jansson's expressive illustrations.[1] |
| French | 1969, 1976 | Bilbo le Hobbit | Francis Ledoux | De Chica, in 1976 edition | ISBN 2-253-04941-7 . Contains both maps with place-names in French; the runes remain in English.
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| French | 2012 | Le Hobbit | Daniel Lauzon | ISBN 978-2-267-02401-2 . Contains both maps with place-names in French; the runes are translated.
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| West Frisian | 2009 | De Hobbit | Anne Tjerk Popkema | ISBN 90-8954-112-8 .
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| Galician | 2000 | Ó hobbit | Moisés R. Barcia | Vigo: Edicións Xerais de Galicia | |
| Georgian | 2002 | ჰობიტი ანუ იქით და აქეთ (Hobitʼi anu ikit da aket) |
Nino Bardzimishvili, poems translated by Tinatin Gogochashvili | Tbilisi: Otar Karalashvili. 2002. ISBN printed on the cover and in the book (99928-0-302-0) is invalid. Contains both maps with place-names in Georgian. | |
| Georgian | 2009 | ჰობიტი (Hobitʼi) |
Nika Samushia, poems translated by Tsitso Khotsuashvili. | ISBN 978-9941-403-41-5. Contains both maps with place-names in Georgian. John Howe 's illustration on the cover.
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| German | 1957 | Kleiner Hobbit und der große Zauberer | Walter Scherf | Horus Engels | Recklinghausen: Paulus-Verlag. 1957. |
| German | 1967, 1971 | Der kleine Hobbit | Walter Scherf | Klaus Ensikat | Georg Bitter. 1971. Revised after the appearance of the Carroux translation of The Lord of the Rings to make the names match. |
| German | 1998 | Der Hobbit | Wolfgang Krege | ISBN 3-608-93805-2
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| Greek | 1978 | Το Χόμπιτ (To Hobit) | A. Gavrielide, Kh. Delegianne | ISBN 960-04-0308-2
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| Hawaiian | 2015 | Ka Hopita, a i ʻole, I Laila a Hoʻi Hou mai | R. Keao NeSmith | ISBN 978-1-78201-091-3 (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Hawaiian; the runes are translated into Hawaiian. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Ke Kūkā ʻana me Smaug') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Hawaiian.
| |
| Hebrew | 1976 | ההוביט (Hhvvt) | משה הנעמי (Moshe Hana'ami) | ||
| Hebrew | 1977 | ההוביט או לשם ובחזרה (Hhvvt v lshm vvchzrh) | J. R. R. Tolkien | Ganei-Aviv: Zmora-Bitan (זמורה – ביתן). Contains no maps. Four | |
| Hebrew | 2012 | ההוביט (Hhvvt) | יעל אכמון (Yael Achmon) | ||
| Hungarian | 1975 | A babó | Tibor Szobotka, poems translated by István Tótfalusi | Tamás Szecskó | ISBN 963-11-0374-9
Reworked in 2006 under the title A hobbit – "Egyszer oda, aztán vissza" by Tamás Füzessy with the introduction and annotations of Douglas A. Anderson (translated by Zsuzsanna Ürmössy). ( ISBN 963-539-515-9 )
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| Hungarian | 2006 | A hobbit – Vagy: Oda-vissza | László Gy. Horváth, poems translated by Zsuzsa N. Kiss | Alan Lee | This translation was originally published in 2006 with a terminology consistent with that of the Ádám Réz/Árpád Göncz translation of The Lord of the Rings (A Gyűrűk Ura) ( old Hungarian alphabet instead of English runes.
After the revision of the Hungarian terminology of The Lord of the Rings in 2008, changes were also incorporated into this translation and was republished in 2011 without illustrations and with the English runes restored ( ISBN 978-963-07-9336-0 ).
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| Icelandic | 1978 | Hobbitinn | Úlfur Ragnarsson and Karl Ágúst Úlfsson | Reykjavík: Almenna Bókafélagið | |
| Icelandic | 1997 | Hobbitinn eða út og heim aftur | Þorsteinn Thorarensen | ISBN 9979-58-305-3
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| Indonesian | 1977 | Hobbit atau pergi dan kembali | Anton Adiwiyoto | Jakarta: Gramedia Pustaka Utama | |
| Irish | 2012 | An Hobad, nó, Anonn agus Ar Ais Arís | Nicholas Williams
|
ISBN 978-1-78201-033-3 (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Irish; the runes are translated into Irish. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Ag Comhrá le Smóg') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Irish.
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| Italian | 1973 | Lo hobbit, o la Riconquista del Tesoro | Elena Jeronimidis Conte | ISBN 88-459-0688-4 . Contains both maps with place-names in Italian; the runes are translated into Italian. Spelling of "Smaug" changed into "Smog"; the trolls are referred to as "Uomini Neri" ("Black Men"); "Carrock" translated as "Carroccia" (from the Italian "roccia", "rock").
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| Italian | 2004 |
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Oronzo Cilli and Elena Jeronimidis Conte | Jemina Catlin | ISBN 9788845274404 ). Paperback editions translate runes, hardback editions do not. Maps use translations from the Adelphi edition.
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| Yiddish | 2015 | Der Hobit, oder, Ahin un Vider Tsurik | Barry Goldstein | ISBN 978-1782011200 . Published in romanised Yiddish.
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| Japanese | 1965 | ホビットの冒険 (Hobitto no Bōken) | Teiji Seta (瀬田貞二) | Ryuichi Terashima | Tokyo: Iwanami Shoten. (Various editions). Character and place names derived from common English usage tend to be rendered into Japanese, while those invented by Tolkien or difficult to translate are often transliterated directly into katakana spellings. Runes on Thrór's map are left in English, but absent altogether from the title page. Terms used here carry over into the Japanese edition of The Lord of the Rings, translated by Teiji Seta and Akiko Tanaka. |
| Japanese | 2012 | 新版 ホビット ゆきてかえりし物語 (Shinpan Hobitto Yukite Kaerishi Monogatari) | Shirō Yamamoto (山本史郎) | J. R. R. Tolkien | ISBN 978-4-562-04866-3 Translation of The Annotated Hobbit. Maps in Japanese. Tolkien's illustrations are used, with English captions. Notes by Douglas Anderson (in Japanese). Written in the polite -masu form.
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| Korean | 1979 | 호비트 (Hobiteu) | 김종철 (Kim Jong-cheol) | Yeoleum | |
| Korean | 1988 | 호비트 모험 (Hobiteu Moheom) | 공덕용 (Kong Deok-yong) | Seoul: Dongsuh Press | |
| Korean | 1989 | 호비트의 모험 (Hobiteueui Moheom) | 최윤정 (Choi Yun-jeong) | ISBN 89-364-4104-3
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| Korean | 1991 | 꼬마 호비트의 모험 (Kkoma Hobiteueui Moheom) | 이동진 (Yee Dong-jin) | Yeollin. ISBN 89-8210-091-1
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| Korean | 1999 | 호비트 (Hobiteu) | 김석희 (Kim Seok-hee) | ISBN 89-527-0514-9
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| Korean | 2002 | 호빗 (Hobit) | 이미애 (Yee Mi-ae) | ISBN 978-89-5637-107-8
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| Korean | 2021 | 호빗 (Hobit) | 이미애 (Yee Mi-ae) | ISBN 978-89-5099-252-1
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Latin
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2012 | Hobbitus ille aut illuc atque rursus retrorsum | Marc Walker | ISBN 978-0-00-744521-9
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| Latvian | 1991 | Hobits jeb Turp un atpakaļ | Zane Rozenberga | Laima Eglīte | First edition published in 1991 ( ISBN 5-410-00159-1 ), a large format hardcover with original illustrations. Notably, elves were pictured as having wings and greenish skin.
Second edition was published in 2002 in soft cover ( ISBN 9984-22-417-1 ) and contained traditional black and white illustrations drawn by J. R. R. Tolkien.
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| Lithuanian | 1985 | Hobitas, arba Ten ir atgal | Bronė Balčienė | ||
| Lule Sámi | 2023 | Hobihtta, jali Dåhku ja máhttse | Are Tjihkkom | ISBN 978-82-692239-9-6 .
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Luxembourgish
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2002 | Den Hobbit | Henry Wickens | ISBN 2-87967-099-3 . Contains both maps with place-names in Luxembourgish; the runes are translated into Luxembourgish.
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| Macedonian | 2005 | Хобитот или до таму и назад (Hobitot ili do tamu i nazad) | Marija Todorova | ISBN 9989-33-142-1
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| Marathi | 2011 | द हॉबिट | Meena Kinikar | ISBN 978-81-8483-374-4
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Moldavian
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1987 | Хоббитул (Hobbitul) |
Aleksej Tsurkanu | Chişinău : Literatura artistike (translated from Russian)
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| Mongolian | 2010 or after | Хоббит (Hobbit) |
Oyuntsetseg Jamsandorj | Ts. Baidy | Soyombo Printing. is listed in publication details). Privately published several times during 2nd decade of 21st century. No maps. |
| Mongolian | 2016 | Хоббит (Hobbit) |
D. Oyunchimeg | Khökh Devter Printing. is given on back cover). Accompanied by Father Giles of Ham in the same volume. | |
| Norwegian (Bokmål) | 1972 | Hobbiten, eller fram og tilbake igjen | Finn Aasen and Oddrun Grønvik | ISBN 82-10-00747-5 . Contains both maps with place-names in Norwegian; the runes are translated into Norwegian.
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| Norwegian (Bokmål) | 1997 | Hobbiten, eller Fram og tilbake igjen | Nils Ivar Agøy | ISBN 82-10-04300-5
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| Norwegian (Nynorsk) | 2008 | Hobbiten, eller Ditut og attende | Eilev Groven Myhren | ISBN 978-82-10-05038-1
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| Occitan | 2018 | Bilbon lo Hòbbit (o un anar tornar) | Sèrgi Viaule | ISBN 978-2-82400917-9
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| Persian | 2002 | هابيت (Hābit) |
فرزاد فربد (Farzad Farbud) | ISBN 964-7822-01-4 .
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| Persian | 2004 | هابيت يا آنجا و بازگشت دوباره (Hābit yā ānjā va bāzgašt dobāre) |
رضا عليزاده (Reza Alizadeh) | ISBN 964-334-200-X . Contains both maps with place-names in Persian; the runes remain in English.
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| Polish | 1960 | Hobbit, czyli tam i z powrotem | Maria Skibniewska | Jan Mlodozoniec | Warsaw: Iskry. |
| Polish | 1985 | Hobbit, czyli tam i z powrotem | Maria Skibniewska | 2nd Polish edition, revised translation | |
| Polish | 1997 | Hobbit albo tam i z powrotem | Paulina Braiter | ||
| Polish | 2002 | Hobbit, czyli tam i z powrotem | Andrzej Polkowski | ||
| Portuguese-Portugal | 1962 | O Gnomo | Maria Isabel Morna Braga, Mário Braga; il. António Quadros | Antonio Quadros | Porto: Livraria Civilização Editora |
| Portuguese-Portugal | 1985 | O Hobbit | Fernanda Pinto Rodrigues | Mem Martins : Publicações Europa-América.
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| Portuguese-Brazil | 1995 | O Hobbit ou Lá e de Volta Outra Vez | Lenita Maria Rímoli Esteves | São Paulo: Martins Fontes. | |
| Romanian | 1975 | O poveste cu un hobbit | Catinca Ralea, poems translated by Leon Levițchi | Livia Rusz | Bucharest: Editura Ion Creangă |
| Russian | 1976 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно | Н. Рахманова (N. Rakhmanova) | Mikhail Belomlinsky | Leningrad: Detskaya Literatura .
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| Russian | 2001 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно | А.А. Грузберг (A.A. Gruzberg) | Е. Нитылкина (E. Nitylkina) | Ekaterinburg : Publishing house "Litur" (Издательство «ЛИТУР»).
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| Russian | 1995 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно | М. Каменкович, С. Степанов (M. Kamenkovich, S. Stepanov) | Saint Petersburg: Publishing house "Azbuka" (Издательство «Азбука»). Academically annotated edition. | |
| Russian | 2000 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно | Валерия Маторина "В.А.М." (Valeria Matorina, "V.A.M.") | И. Панков (I. Pankov) | Moscow: Publishing house "EKSMO" (Издательство «ЭКСМО»). |
| Russian | 2001 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно | Л. Яхнин (L. Yakhnin) | Moscow: Publishing house "Alfa book" (Издательство «Алфа-книга»). | |
| Russian | 1991 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно | З. Бобырь (Z. Bobyr') | Moscow: Publishing house "Molodaya Gvardiya" (Издательство «Молодая гвардия»). | |
| Russian | 2002 | Хоббит | К. Королёв, В. Тихомиров (K. Korolev, V. Tikhomirov) | Moscow: Publishing house "Eksmo" (Издательство «Эксмо»). | |
| Russian | 2005 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно (Khobbit, ili Tuda i Obratno) | Н. Прохорова, М. Виноградова (N. Prokhorova, M. Vinogradova) | Moscow: Publishing house "Milikon Servis" (Издательство «Миликон Сервис»). | |
| Russian | 2003 | Хоббит, или Туда и Обратно (Khobbit, ili Tuda i Obratno) | И. Тогоева (I. Togoeva) | Moscow: Publishing house "Rosmen" (Издательство «РОСМЭН»). | |
| Russian | 2014 | Хоббит (Khobbit) | В. Баканов, Е. Доброхотова-Майкова (V. Bakanov, E. Dobrokhotova-Maykova) | Moscow: Publishing house "AST Publishers" (Издательство «АСТ»). | |
| Serbo-Croatian | 1975 | Хобит или тамо и назад (Hobit ili tamo i nazad) | Meri and Milan Milišić | Belgrade: Nolit | |
| Serbo-Croatian | 1986 | Хобит или тамо и назад (Hobit ili tamo i nazad) | Dusan Ogrizek | Mirna Pavlovec | Ljublana: Mladinska Knjiga |
| Silesian | 2023 | Hobit, abo tam i nazŏd | Grzegorz Kulik, poems translated by Mirosław Syniawa | Contains both map with place-names in Silesian.
The characters' names are also in Silesian | |
| Slovak | 1973 | Hobbiti | Viktor Krupa (prose), Jana Šimulčíková (poetry) | Nada Rappensbergerova | Bratislava: Slovenský spisovatel' |
| Slovak | 2002 | Hobbit | Otakar Kořínek | Bratislava: Slovart | |
| Slovene | 1986 | Hobit ali Tja in spet nazaj | Dušan Ogrizek | Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga | |
Sorbian
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2012 | Hobit | Edward Wornar | ISBN 978-1-4716-7712-0
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| Spanish (Argentina) | 1964 | El hobito | Teresa Sánchez Cuevas | Buenos Aires: Fabril Editora. Its history (in Spanish). | |
| Spanish (Spain) | 1982 | El hobbit | Manuel Figueroa | ISBN 84-450-7141-6 . Contains only Thrór's map with place-names in Spanish; the runes remain in English.
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| Swedish | 1947 | Hompen eller En resa Dit och Tillbaks igen | Tore Zetterholm | Tor-björn Zetterholm (internal); Charles Sjöblom (cover, maps) | Stockholm: Kooperativa Förbundets Bokförlag. First translation of any work by Tolkien; in Letter 239 (20 July 1962) he called it "bad", disliking Zetterholm's Hompen to translate "The Hobbit", and the illustrations "ghastly".[4] |
| Swedish | 1962 | Bilbo – En hobbits äventyr | Britt G. Hallqvist | Tove Jansson | Stockholm: Rabén & Sjögren |
| Swedish | 2007 | Hobbiten eller bort och hem igen | Erik Andersson | ISBN 978-91-1-301765-5
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| Thai | 2002 | เดอะฮอบบิท (Dexa ḥ xb bith) | สุดจิต ภิญโญยิ่ง (Sutjit Phin-yo-ying) | ||
| Turkish | 1996 | Hobbit | Esra Uzun | ||
| Turkish | 2007 | Hobbit | Gamze Sarı | ISBN 978-975-273-373-2 , Publisher: İthaki Yayınları, Published: İstanbul, August 2007, Pages: 425
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| Ukrainian | 1985 | Гобiт, або Мандрiвка за Iмлистi гори (Hobit, abo Mandrivka za Imlysti hory) | O. Mokrovolskyi | Mykhaila Bilomlyns'koho | Kyiv: Veselka |
| Ukrainian | 2007 | Гобiт, або Туди i звiдти (Hobit, abo Tudy i zvidty) | Olena O'Lir | ISBN 978-966-8657-22-1
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| Ukrainian | 2021 | Гобiт, або Мандрiвка за Iмлистi гори (Hobit, abo Mandrivka za Imlysti hory) | O. Mokrovolskyi | ISBN 978-617-664-242-8 , Jubilee (35th Anniversary Edition)
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| Vietnamese | 2003 | Vietnamese version already completed in 2002 but publishing cancelled. This version leaked onto the Internet in 2003. | |||
| Vietnamese | 2009 | Hobbit ra đi và trở về | Đinh Thị Hương | EAN-13 8935077068955, maps with placenames in Vietnamese
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| Vietnamese | 2010 | anh chàng Hobbit | Nguyên Tâm | Hanoi: Nhã Nam, no ISBN, maps with placenames in Vietnamese | |
Yiddish
|
2012 | דער האָביט (Der Hobit) |
Barry Goldstein בעריש גאָלדשטײן |
ISBN 978-1-4811-7230-1
| |
| Welsh | 2024 | Yr Hobyd, neu, Yno ac Yn Ôl | Adam Pearce | Melin Bapur, ISBN 978-1-917237-15-4. Contains both maps with place-names in Welsh. The runes are replaced with Coelbren y Beirdd .
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Yiddish
|
2012 | דער האָביט (Der Hobit) |
Barry Goldstein בעריש גאָלדשטײן |
ISBN 978-1-4811-7230-1
| |
Yiddish
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2015 | Der Hobit, oder, Ahin un Vider Tsurik | Barry Goldstein | ISBN 978-1-78201-119-4 (pb). Contains both maps with place-names in Yiddish; the runes are translated into Yiddish. On the cup in the illustration "Conversations with Smaug" ('Shmuesen mit Smaug') the text in Tengwar and initials in runes are translated into Yiddish.
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See also
- English-language editions of The Hobbit
- Translations of The Lord of the Rings
References
- ISSN 0347-772X.
- ^ "Their Precious - Features - Jerusalem Post". www.jpost.com. 26 January 2006. Retrieved 2019-08-13.
- ^ "Father of iconic 'Hebrew Pilots' translation of Tolkien dies". The Jerusalem Post. 29 January 2019. Retrieved 2020-05-31.
- ^ Carpenter 2023, Letter 239 to Allen & Unwin, 20 July 1962.
Sources
- ISBN 978-0-35-865298-4.
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