Winter wren
This article includes a list of general references, but it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. (October 2010) |
Winter wren | |
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In Prospect Park, New York. | |
Song recorded in Tahquamenon Falls State Park, Michigan | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Order: | Passeriformes |
Family: | Troglodytidae |
Genus: | Troglodytes |
Species: | T. hiemalis
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Binomial name | |
Troglodytes hiemalis Vieillot, 1819
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Breeding
Migration
Year-round
Nonbreeding
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Synonyms | |
Olbiorchilus hiemalis |
The winter wren (Troglodytes hiemalis) is a very small
It breeds in
The scientific name for its genus is taken from the Greek word troglodytes (from "trogle" a hole, and "dyein" to creep), meaning "cave-dweller", and may refer to their tendency to nest in cavities or their foraging behavior, in which the winter wren almost exclusively ground-gleans in thick underbrush.[3][4][5]
Taxonomy
The winter wren was described and illustrated in 1808 by the American ornithologist
The winter wren was formerly considered to be
Two subspecies are recognised:[11]
- T. h. hiemalis Vieillot, 1819 – breeds in east Canada and northeast USA, winters in southeast USA
- T. h. pullus (Burleigh, 1935) – breeds in mountains of West Virginia to Georgia (east-central USA), winters in south USA
Description
Small tail is often cocked above its back, and short neck gives the appearance of a small brown ball. Rufous brown above, grayer below, barred with darker brown and gray, even on wings and tail. The bill is dark brown, the legs pale brown. Young birds are less distinctly barred. Most are identifiable by the pale "eyebrows" over their eyes.
Measurements:[15]
- Length: 3.1–4.7 in (7.9–11.9 cm)
- Weight: 0.3–0.4 oz (8.5–11.3 g)
- Wingspan: 4.7–6.3 in (12–16 cm)
Distribution and habitat
The winter wren nests mostly in coniferous forests, especially those of spruce and fir, where it is often identified by its long and exuberant song. Although it is an insectivore, it can remain in moderately cold and even snowy climates by foraging for insects on substrates such as bark and fallen logs.
Its movements as it creeps or climbs are incessant rather than rapid; its short flights swift and direct but not sustained, its tiny round wings whirring as it flies from bush to bush.
At night, usually in winter, it often roosts, true to its scientific name, in dark retreats, snug holes and even old nests. In hard weather it may do so in parties, either consisting of the family or of many individuals gathered together for warmth.
Behavior and ecology
Breeding
The male builds a small number of nests. These are called "cock nests" but are never lined until the female chooses one to use. The normal round nest of
Food and feeding
For the most part insects and spiders are its food, but in winter large pupae and some seeds are taken.
References
- . Retrieved 18 November 2021.
- ^ .
- ^ "Winter Wren". Cornell Lab - All About Birds. 2024. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
- ^ Jones, Calvin (2012). "Wren (Troglodytes troglodytes)". Ireland's Wildlife. Retrieved 12 March 2024.
- .
- ^ Wilson, Alexander (1808). American Ornithology; or, the Natural History of the Birds of the United States: Illustrated with Plates Engraved and Colored from Original drawings taken from Nature. Vol. 3. Philadelphia: Bradford and Inskeep. p. 139, Plate 8 fig. 6.
- ^ Vieillot, Louis Pierre (1819). Nouveau dictionnaire d'histoire naturelle, appliquée aux arts, à l'agriculture, à l'économie rurale et domestique, à la médecine, etc (in French). Vol. 34 (Nouvelle édition ed.). Paris: Deterville. p. 514.
- ISBN 978-1-4081-2501-4.
- JSTOR 4069309.
- ^ Mayr, Ernst; Greenway, James C. Jr, eds. (1960). Check-list of Birds of the World. Vol. 9. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Museum of Comparative Zoology. p. 415.
- ^ Rasmussen, Pamela, eds. (January 2022). "Dapple-throats, sugarbirds, fairy-bluebirds, kinglets, hyliotas, wrens & gnatcatchers". IOC World Bird List Version 12.1. International Ornithologists' Union. Retrieved 28 May 2022.
- PMID 15129966.
- ^ S2CID 8488125.
- PMID 15347509.
- ^ "Winter Wren Identification, All About Birds, Cornell Lab of Ornithology". www.allaboutbirds.org. Retrieved 2020-09-28.
External links
- Identification tips - USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
- Species account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology
- "Northern wren media". Internet Bird Collection.
- Winter wren photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
- Interactive range map of Troglodytes hiemalis at IUCN Red List maps