Yelü Zhilugu
Yelü Zhilugu 耶律直魯古 | |||||||||||||
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Emperor of the Western Liao dynasty | |||||||||||||
Reign | 1177–1211 | ||||||||||||
Predecessor | Yelü Pusuwan (as regent) | ||||||||||||
Successor | Kuchlug | ||||||||||||
Died | 1213 | ||||||||||||
Spouse | Juerbiesu (菊兒别速) | ||||||||||||
Issue | Princess Hunhu (渾忽公主) | ||||||||||||
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House | Yelü | ||||||||||||
Dynasty | Western Liao | ||||||||||||
Father | Yelü Yilie |
Yelü Zhilugu (simplified Chinese: 耶律直鲁古; traditional Chinese: 耶律直魯古; pinyin: Yēlǜ Zhílǔgǔ) was the third emperor of the Western Liao dynasty, ruling from 1177 to 1211. As the final ruler from the House of Yelü, he is considered by traditional Chinese sources to be the last monarch of the Western Liao dynasty.
Reign
He was Yelü Yilie's second son,[2] after Xiao Wolila (萧斡里剌) killed his aunt Yelü Pusuwan in coup, Zhilugu killed his elder brother too. According to Juvaini, "he was sacrificed in order to secure new sovereign".[3]
Involvement in Khwarazm continued under his reign. Xiao Duolubu (蕭朵魯不) assisted
He met with fugitive
War with Ghurids
In 1198, Kara Khitai and Khwarazm combined forces invaded Ghurid principalities, with Tekish invading Herat and Zhilugu capturing Guzgan.[6] However, the Ghurids shortly managed to inflict a heavy defeat on the two empires, and then used the opportunity to conquer Marv, Sarakhs, Nasa, Abiward, Tus, and Nishapur. Baha al-Din Sam II captured Balkh and read a Friday sermon in name of Ghurid sultan Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad. Zhilugu soon sent a military detachment under a Tayangu (a military advisor[7]) that year unsuccessfully.
Xiao Duolubu (蕭朵魯不) allegedly asked for huge compensation from Tekish for the war with heavy casualties. Tekish therefore turned to Ghurids for monetary help, by whose money he compensated Kara Khitai.
After Tekish's death and his energetic successor
Ghurid army soon arrived with reinforcements on gates of Tirmidh on summer of 1204 and seized the city. But sultan's murder on 15 March 1206 ended all his hopes of invading Central Asia. As a result, Tirmidh was recaptured by Khwarazmis and handed over to Osman khan same year.
Relations with Khwarazm
Cooperation between Qara Khitai and Khwarazm did not continue after fall of Ghurids.[10] Soon a defector from Khwarazm army - namely Tört Aba - offered his services to Zhilugu. Defeat of Muhammad, caused a small scale civil war in Khorasan. His brother Taj ad-Din Ali-Shah and his commander Közli revolted against him, lingering his efforts on stabilisation of Khwarazm.
Around 1209 Zhilugu sent his minister Mahmud Tai to collect tributes from Khwarazm, Muhammad went to Jand and asked
Later reign
After series of troubles in west, Zhilugu's relations with his subjects grown worse with Osman Khan getting furious after Zhilugu's refusal to marry his daughter to khan.
After
Around that time, the Qara Khitai were dealing with rebellions in the east, as well as engaging in a struggle against
However, in 1211, while Zhilugu was out hunting, he was ambushed and captured by Kuchlug who arrived with 8000 men near Kashgar.
Life in captivity
After his capture, he was given honorific title
Religious policy
He allowed Eliya III to raise a metropolitan district around Kashgar during his reign.[12]
References
- ^ 別利亞耶夫; 斯達諾維奇 (2022年). "「天喜元寶」辨——記新發現的西遼錢幣". 《中國錢幣》 (in Chinese) (第4期). Translated by 王勇: 第36-38頁.
- ^ a b History of Liao, vol 30
- OCLC 29818909.
- OCLC 59353154.
- ^ Biran (2005), pp.64
- OCLC 745412.
- ^ Kutalmış, Orhan G. (2003). Türkçe Kişi Adları. İstanbul: Karabudun Yayınları.
- OCLC 661048024.
- ^ Farooqui Salma Ahmed, A Comprehensive History of Medieval India: From Twelfth to the Mid-Eighteenth Century, (Dorling Kindersley Pvt., 2011), 53–54.
- ^ Çakmak, Mehmet Ali; Hamarat, Ercenk (31 January 2018). "From Rise to Collapse of a Turkish Sultan Aladdin Muhammad of Khorezmshah" (PDF). Hacettepe Üniversitesi Türkiyat Araştırmaları (HÜTAD) (in Turkish) (27): 132.
- ^ Biran (2005), p. 117
- ^ ISBN 9786059623452.
- ^ Biran (2005) p. 60-90