Zamość Synagogue

Coordinates: 50°43′05″N 23°15′14″E / 50.718°N 23.254°E / 50.718; 23.254
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Zamość Old Synagogue
Religion
AffiliationOrthodox Judaism
StatusDisused
Location
Location9-11 Zamenhofa Street
Poland Zamość, Poland
Architecture
StyleRenaissance
Groundbreaking1610
Completed1618
Specifications
Width (nave)11.6 x 12.2 metres
MaterialsStone and brick
Europe

Zamość Synagogue (

UNESCO World Heritage Site
alongside the Old City of Zamość.

History

The first Jews settled in

Ashkenazi community, following an economic crisis caused by the accumulation of bad debts by Polish debtors. Ashkenazi Jews had begun settling in Zamość at the beginning of the 17th century having been attracted by the commercial significance of the town. The influx of Ashkenazi Jews increased in the 1640s, especially by refugees fleeing the anti-Jewish massacres perpetrated by the troops of Bohdan Khmelnytsky during the Ukrainian revolt
against Polish rule.

The interior, c. 1930.

Today only 3 Jews live in Zamość. In 1939 there were over 12,000 who made up 45% of the city's population. Of these 4,000 initially managed to escape the

carpenters' workshop. During 1948–1950 it was rebuilt in the communist period and from 1958 until early in the 21st century the building served as a public library.[1] A second restoration of the building was conducted during 1967-1972.[1][2]

Currently next to the building of the synagogue is the former office of the community, dating from the 18th century with additions from the 19th century, and the

Second World War it was transformed into a hotel. The 18th-century building of the former Mikveh
, renovated in the 19th century, is located in the cellars at 3 Zamenhofa Street (previously ul. Żydowska - "Jewish Street").

The synagogue was one of the first properties to be officially returned to the Jewish community by the Polish government in 2000 and in 2004 the public library which used the building moved to another location. In 2009 a major reconstruction of the synagogue was underway under the auspices of the Warsaw-based Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland. A permanent exhibit will feature a "virtual tour" of the many Jewish

Holocaust. In addition to being available for prayer services, the restored main prayer hall of the synagogue will be used for lectures and concerts.[2]

The other synagogue in Zamość is at 32 Gminna Street in the Nowa Osada district. It was erected in 1872 and extended during 1909–1913. In 1948 it was turned into a kindergarten.[3]

Structure

The exterior before the fortress style parapet was added.

The town of

Polish Renaissance or Mannerist style in harmony with the general urban design. The prayer hall represents the core of the building and during the middle of the 17th century two low porches for women were added to the north and south elevations. Similar to that found in other Polish synagogues, the floor was lowered in order to increase the height of the interior. This was due to restrictions preventing a synagogue being built higher than a church
.

During the 18th century, a modest entrance hall was added on the west side of the prayer hall. At the same time a second floor was built over the original women's prayer rooms. At some stage the exterior walls were extended upwards, with

fortress style parapets, concealing the roof. The synagogue was last renovated during the period 1967–1972 when the building received a new roof parapet and exterior decoration including decorative painting, the original of which was removed during the 18th century. The work followed an early seventeenth-century engraving and the appearance of other local buildings.[1]
Since that time no major works took place in the synagogue.

Interior

Aron Kodesh
.

The

candelabras
. Today nothing remains either of the bimah or of the candelabra.

Zamość Synagogue Revitalization Project

The

NGOs including the World Monuments Fund and the Israeli Organization of Zamość Jewry, aim to establish in the synagogue a cultural center that will provide housing and support for various local initiatives, as well as the Museum
of Jews from the Zamość area. The Foundation for the Preservation of Jewish Heritage in Poland website states:

Together with city's authorities and local

non-governmental organizations, we want to renovate the Zamość synagogue and make it a vibrant cultural centre which will serve all the people from Zamość and its environs. The synagogue will also house a Museum of Jews from Zamość and the Zamość region. The Museum is going to present the history of penetration and mutual enrichment of Polish and Jewish culture in the Zamość region. It will also introduce those Jews, who contributed to the intellectual, religious and cultural history of the region. Unfortunately the building of the Zamość synagogue is in a very bad condition and urgently requires a complex restoration. The cost of the restoration works is estimated for a couple of millions PLN; the Foundation is taking steps in order to obtain sufficient funds for renovation works, but it is a tremendous challenge.[4]

The synagogue in 2006, before its 2010 restoration.

The assigning of new functions to the building, including use as an art gallery, concert and theatre hall, has been deemed necessary to attain funds for necessary conservation works, although this has proved a controversial move. Another organisation, the

UN representative of Agudath Israel of America to request intervention in protecting the holy site from "unholy purposes".[5]

In September 2009, restoration work was begun at the hands of the FODZ. The bulk of the funding for the restoration came from the European Economic Area and Norway Grants, which was established by Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway to support various social and economic projects throughout Europe, as well as from the World Monuments Fund.[2]

Sources

References

  1. ^ a b c "Survey of Historic Jewish Monuments in Poland", Samuel Gruber and Phyllis Myers, Report to the Presidents Commission for the Preservation of America's Heritage Abroad, Jewish Heritage Council World Monuments Fund, Nov. 1995, p. 46
  2. ^ a b c Freund, Michael (September 5, 2009). "Renovation begins on medieval Polish synagogue", The Jerusalem Post
  3. ^ Adam Mickiewicz Institute: Traces of the Past, Zamość
  4. ^ Zamość Synagogue Revitalization Project
  5. Jewish Tribune, London
    . p. 3. The synagogue has fungus growing on the inside which could easily be stopped but is causing severe damage. To add insult to injury the synagogue was used for an art exhibition by Zamość council in 2005 and had an Australian painter paint awful bright garnish colours all over the ancient walls. This is truly criminal!

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Zamość Synagogue.

Photographs

Synagogue usage

50°43′05″N 23°15′14″E / 50.718°N 23.254°E / 50.718; 23.254

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