1660 in England
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See also: | Other events of 1660 |
Events from the year 1660 in England. This is the year of the Stuart Restoration.
Incumbents
- Monarch – Charles II(starting 29 May)
Events
- 1 January
- Colonel
- Samuel Pepys begins his diary.[3]
- 3 February – George Monck and his regiment arrive in London.[4]
- 11 February – Monck demands reinstatement of the Long Parliament.[2]
- 21 February – Presbyterian Members of Parliament expelled by "Pride's Purge" in 1648 are readmitted, reinstating the Long Parliament.[5]
- 27 February – Secretary of Statefor a short time.
- February – Restoration era; Thomas Bettertonmakes his stage debut in the title role.
- 16 March – the Long Parliament (first elected in 1640) votes to dissolve itself, calling for a free general election.[5]
- 4 April – Declaration of Breda issued by the exiled Charles II promises amnesty, freedom of conscience and army back pay in return for the Restoration of the Crown.[4]
- 22 April – General John Lambert, having escaped from imprisonment in the Tower of London and attempted to rekindle the Civil War in favour of the Commonwealth by issuing a proclamation calling on all supporters of the "Good Old Cause" to rally on the battlefield of Edgehill, is recaptured at Daventry by Colonel Richard Ingoldsby.[6]
- 25 April – first meeting of the Royalist and Presbyterian in its membership, with only 16 members of the former Rump re-elected.[4] The House of Lords reconvenes for the first time since its abolition in 1649.[5]
- 1 May – the Declaration of Breda is presented to the Parliament of England which acknowledges that the lawful government of the nation is by King, Lords and Commons.[5]
- 8 May – Parliament declares that
- 15 May – John Thurloe is arrested for high treason.
- 19 May – the newly restored Convocation of the English Clergy canonises King Charles I as King Charles the Martyr and Saint Charles Stuart, the only saint formally canonised within the Anglican Communion.
- 23 May (2 June N.S.) – Charles II embarks from Scheveningen on HMS Royal Charles (1655), captained by Edward Montagu (created Earl of Sandwich two months later).
- 25 May – Charles II lands on Dover beach and is met by Monck.[8]
- 29 May – Charles II arrives in London and assumes the throne, marking the beginning of the English Restoration,[4] commemorated as Oak Apple Day.
- 25 June – General Post Office established by Charles II.[9]
- 29 June – John Thurloe is released.
- 27 July – Regicides William Goffe and Edward Whalley, fleeing the country, arrive in Massachusetts.
- 2 August – Charles II issues a grant for two theatre companies: a King's Company under his own patronage, led by Thomas Killigrew, and a Duke's Company under the patronage of his brother, the Duke of York, led by Sir William Davenant.
- 27 August – the books of John Milton are burnt because of his attacks on King Charles II.[3]
- 29 August – Indemnity and Oblivion Act passes into law, granting indemnities to those who had been active in the Interregnum (other than regicides).
- September – William Juxon appointed as Archbishop of Canterbury.[10]
- 3 September – James, Duke of York, the King's brother, and Anne Hyde are privately married in London. Their first child is born 2 months later.
- 25 September – one of the earliest references to tea in England appears in Samuel Pepys's diary.[3]
- 13 October – the first of ten regicides of Charles I to be executed this year is hanged, drawn and quartered.[4]
- 25 October – King Charles proposes that some Presbyterian ministers become bishops to heal rifts in the Church; the plan is later abandoned.[4]
- 11 November – imprisonment of John Bunyan in Bedford Gaol for preaching without a licence.[3]
- 19 November – merchant ships should fly the Red Ensign.[11]
- 28 November – at Gresham College, twelve men, including Christopher Wren, Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, and Robert Moray, meet after a lecture by Wren and decide to found "a College for the Promoting of Physico-Mathematicall Experimentall Learning" (later known as the Royal Society).[3]
- 8 December – first English actress to appear on the professional stage in a non-singing role, as Desdemona in Othello; variously considered to be Margaret Hughes, Anne Marshall or Katherine Corey.[12][13][14]
- 18 December – the Company of Royal Adventurers Trading to Africa is chartered; it will come to have a monopoly over the English slave trade. It is led by Duke of York.
Publications
- Robert Boyle's landmark book New Experiments Physico-Mechanicall, Touching the Spring of the Air and its Effects. The second edition in 1662 will contain Boyle's Law.
- John Milton's anti-monarchic tract The Ready and Easy Way to Establish a Free Commonwealth (editions in February and March).
Births
- 16 April – Hans Sloane, physician, in Ireland (died 1753)
- By May – Anne Killigrew, poet and painter (died 1685)
- 28 May – King George I of Great Britain, in Hanover (died 1727)
- 29 May – Sarah Churchill, Duchess of Marlborough, friend of Queen Anne (died 1744)
- 24 July – Charles Talbot, 1st Duke of Shrewsbury, politician (died 1718)
- ca. September – Daniel Defoe, writer (died 1731)
- 20 October – Robert Bertie, 1st Duke of Ancaster and Kesteven, statesman (died 1723)
Deaths
- ca. 20 February – Philip Skippon, Parliamentarian Sergeant-Major-General (born c. 1600)
- 25 April – Henry Hammond, Royalist canon and scholar, of the stone (born 1605)
- 1 June – Mary Dyer, Quaker, hanged in Boston, Massachusetts (born c. 1611)
- 30 June – William Oughtred, mathematician (born 1574)
- 18 September – Henry Stuart, Duke of Gloucester, member of the royal family, of smallpox (born 1639)
- 13 October – Thomas Harrison, Parliamentarian Major-General, regicide, hanged (born 1616)
- 15 October – John Carew, Parliamentarian, regicide, hanged (born 1622)
- 17 October – Parliamentarian regicides, hanged
- Gregory Clement, merchant and MP (born 1594)
- John Jones Maesygarnedd, Welsh colonel (born ca. 1597)
- Thomas Scot, MP
- Adrian Scrope, colonel (born 1601)
- 5 November – Lucy Hay, Countess of Carlisle, socialite (born 1599)
- 24 December – Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange, of smallpox (born 1631)
References
- ^ "January 1". Chambers' Book of Days. Archived from the original on 17 December 2007. Retrieved 2007-12-09.
- ^ a b Keay, Anna (April 2022). "The maid who restored the monarchy". History Today. 72 (4): 64–9.
- ^ ISBN 0-14-102715-0.
- ^ ISBN 0-7126-5616-2.
- ^ a b c d e "The Convention Parliament". British Civil Wars, Commonwealth and Protectorate. 2007-06-16. Archived from the original on 2012-08-22. Retrieved 2012-10-24.
- ISBN 0-19-503985-8.
- Macaulay, Thomas Babington. History of England. pp. 109–110.
- ^ "Friday 25 May 1660". The Diary of Samuel Pepys. Retrieved 2011-08-24.
- ISBN 0-521-43180-8. Retrieved 24 August 2011.
- required.)
- ISBN 978-1-84354-337-4.
- ISBN 1-85986-000-1.
- ^ Howe, Elizabeth (1992). The First English Actresses: Women and Drama, 1660–1700. Cambridge University Press. p. 24.
- ^ Gilder, Rosamond (1931). Enter the Actress: The First Women in the Theatre. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. p. 166.