Coldstream Guards
Coldstream Guards | |
---|---|
Public Duties | |
Size | One battalion – 559 personnel[1] One independent incremental company One St George's Day (23 April) |
Engagements |
|
Commanders | |
Colonel-in-Chief | The King |
Colonel of the Regiment | Lt Gen Sir James Bucknall |
Regimental Lieutenant Colonel | Col. Toby P. O. Till |
Insignia | |
Tactical Recognition Flash | |
Plume | Red Right side of Bearskin cap |
Abbreviation | COLDM GDS |
The Coldstream Guards is the oldest continuously serving regular[b] regiment in the British Army.[2] As part of the Household Division, one of its principal roles is the protection of the monarchy; due to this, it often participates in state ceremonial occasions. The Regiment has consistently provided formations on deployments around the world and has fought in the majority of the major conflicts in which the British Army has been engaged.[3]
The Regiment has been in continuous service and has never been amalgamated. It was formed in 1650 as 'Monck's Regiment of Foot' and was then renamed 'The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards' after the Restoration in 1660.[4] With Monck's death in 1670 it was again renamed 'The Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards' after the location in Scotland from which it marched to help restore the monarchy in 1660.[4] Its name was again changed to the 'Coldstream Guards' in 1855 and this is still its present title.[5]
Today, the Regiment consists of: Regimental Headquarters, a single battalion (the 1st Battalion), an independent incremental company (Number 7 Company, maintaining the customs and traditions, as well as carrying the Colours of 2nd Battalion), a Regimental Band, a reserve company (Number 17 Company) and individuals at training establishments and other extra regimental employment.[6]
History
English Civil War
The origin of the Coldstream Guards lies in the
After
Before that could happen, Parliament was forced to rely on the help of the regiment against the rebellion by the
The regiment was placed as the second senior regiment of Household Troops, as it entered the service of the Crown after the 1st Regiment of Foot Guards, but it answered to that by adopting the motto Nulli Secundus (Second to None) as the regiment is older than the senior regiment. The regiment always stands on the left of the line when on parade with the rest of the Foot Guards, so standing "second to none". When Monck died in 1670, the Earl of Craven took command of the regiment and it adopted a new name, the Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards.[7]
-
British Foot Guards in 1751 by David Morier
-
Lt Robert Orme (1756) by Sir Joshua Reynolds
-
Crimean War: Joseph Numa, John Potter and James Deal of the Coldstream Guards
Overseas service (1685–1900)
The regiment saw active service in Flanders and in the Monmouth Rebellion, including the decisive Battle of Sedgemoor in 1685. It fought in the Battle of Walcourt in 1689, the Battle of Landen and the Siege of Namur.[7]
In 1760, the 2nd Battalion was sent to Germany to campaign under Prince
The Coldstream Regiment saw extensive service in the wars against the
The regiment was later part of the British occupation forces of Paris until 1816.[7]
During the
The regiment received its current name, the Coldstream Guards, in 1855. In 1882, it was sent to Egypt against the rebels of
1900–present
At the outbreak of the
When the
Coldstreamers gave up their tanks at the end of the war, the new battalions were disbanded, and the troops distributed to the 1st and 2nd Guard Training Battalions.[7]
After the war, the 1st and 3rd battalions served in Palestine. The 2nd battalion served in the Malayan Emergency. The 3rd battalion was placed in suspended animation in 1959. The remaining battalions served during the Mau Mau rebellion from 1959 to 1962, in Aden in 1964, in Mauritius in 1965, in the Turkish invasion of Cyprus in 1974 and several times in Northern Ireland after 1969.[7]
The Regimental Band of the Coldstream Guards was the first act on stage at the
In 1991, the 1st battalion was dispatched to the first Gulf War, where it was involved in prisoner of war handling and other roles. In 1993, due to defence cutbacks, the 2nd battalion was placed in suspended animation.[7]
For much of the 1990s, the 1st Battalion was stationed in
The battalion was posted to
Des Browne, Secretary of State for Defence, announced on 19 July 2007 that in October 2007 the battalion was to be sent to Afghanistan as part of 52 Infantry Brigade.[14]
In October 2009, the battalion was deployed on Operation Herrick 11, with units deploying to the Babaji area of central Helmand Province, Afghanistan, playing a major role in Operation Moshtarak in February 2010.[15]
Before the
Regiment
Structure
The structure of the regiment and affiliated band includes:
- Regimental Headquarters, at Wellington Barracks, London[20][21][22]
- 1st Battalion, at
- No. 7 Company, based at
- No. 17 Company, based at Hammersmith (the regiment's reserve unit, administered as part of 1st Battalion, London Guards).[31]
- Band of the Coldstream Guards, based at Wellington Barracks, London, part of the Royal Corps of Army Music.[22][23][24][32][33]
Companies that make up the regiment are traditionally numbered. New officers destined for the regiment that are at Sandhurst or at the Infantry Battle School form No. 13 Coy, while Guardsmen under training at ITC Catterick make up No. 14 Coy.[34] No. 7 Coy is one of the incremental companies formed to undertake public duties in London and Windsor, and maintains the Colours and traditions of the former 2nd Battalion.[35]
Role
Currently, the most prominent role of the 1st Battalion and No. 7 Company is the performance of ceremonial duties in London and Windsor as part of the Household Division. The 1st Battalion is based in Windsor at Victoria Barracks as an operational light infantry battalion.[35]
In 2027 the 1st Battalion will take over a security force assistance role from 1st Battalion Irish Guards.[36]
The
Unlike the other four regiments of foot guards, which recruit from each of the four
The Coldstream Guards and other Guards Regiments have a long-standing connection to
Traditions
The grouping of buttons on the tunic is a common way to distinguish between the regiments of
The regiment is ranked second in the order of precedence, behind the Grenadier Guards. The regiment have the motto Nulli Secundus (Second to None), which is a play on the fact that the regiment was originally the "Second Regiment of Foot Guards", a position they have never accepted as the regiment is older than the Grenadier Guards.[40]
The regiment's nickname is Lilywhites. An ordinary soldier of the regiment is called a Guardsman, a designation granted by King
Training
Recruits to the Guards Division go through an intensive training programme at the British Army's Infantry Training Centre (ITC). Their training is two weeks longer than the programme provided for recruits to the Regular line infantry regiments of the British Army; the extra training, carried out throughout the course, is devoted to drill and ceremonies.[41]
Colonels-in-Chief
King Edward VII assumed the colonelcy-in-chief of the regiment on his accession,[42] and subsequent monarchs have also been colonel-in-chief.[43]
Regimental Colonels
George Monck's Regiment (1650)
Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards (1661)
- Captain-General George Monck, 1st Duke of Albemarle, 1650–1678[44]
Coldstream Regiment of Foot Guards (1670)
- Lieutenant General William Craven, 1st Earl of Craven, 1678–1689[44]
- Lieutenant General Thomas Talmash (or Tollemache), 1689–1694[44]
- Lieutenant General John Cutts, 1st Baron Cutts, 1694–1702[44]
- General Charles Churchill, 1702–1714[44]
- Lieutenant General William Cadogan, 1st Earl of Cadogan, 1714–1722[44]
- Colonel Richard Lumley, 2nd Earl of Scarbrough, 1722–1740[45]
- Field Marshal Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, 1740–1742[45]
- Colonel Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of Marlborough, 1742–1744[45]
- Lieutenant General Willem Anne van Keppel, 2nd Earl of Albemarle, 1744–1755[45]
- Lieutenant General James O'Hara, 2nd Baron Tyrawley, 1755–1773[45]
- General John Waldegrave, 3rd Earl of Waldegrave, 1773–1784[45]
- Field Marshal Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany, 1784–1805[45]
- Field Marshal Prince Adolphus, Duke of Cambridge, 1805–1850[45]
- Field Marshal John Byng, 1st Earl of Strafford, 1850–1860[45]
- Coldstream Guards (1855)
- Field Marshal Colin (Macliver) Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde, 1860–1863[45]
- Field Marshal Sir William Maynard Gomm, 1863–1875[45]
- General Sir William Codrington, 1875–1884[45]
- General Sir Thomas Montagu Steele, 1884–1890[45]
- General Sir Arthur Edward Hardinge, 1890–1892[45]
- General Sir Frederick Stephenson, 1892–1911[45]
- General Lord William Frederick Ernest Seymour, 1911–1915[46]
- Major General Evelyn Edward Thomas Boscawen, 7th Viscount Falmouth, 1915–1918[47]
- Lieutenant General Sir Alfred Edward Codrington, 1918–1945[48]
- General Sir Charles Loyd, 1945–1962[49]
- Major General Sir Walter Arthur George Burns, 1962–1994[50]
- Lieutenant General The Hon Sir William Edward Rous, 1994–1999[51]
- General Sir Hugh Michael Rose, 1999–2009[52]
- Lieutenant General Sir James Jeffrey Corfield Bucknall, 2009–present[53]
Regimental Lieutenant Colonels
The Regimental Lieutenant Colonels have included:[54][55]
- 1650–1659: William Gough
- 1659–1665: Ethelbert Morgan
- 1665–1681: Sir James Smyth
- 1682–1688: Maj. Gen. Edward Sackville
- 1688–1691: vacant?
- 1691–1692: James Bridgeman
- 1692–1694: William Seymour
- 1694–1702: William Matthew
- 1702–1704: William Mathew
- 1704–1715: Maj. Gen. Edward Braddock
- 1715–1717: Maj. Gen. Richard Holmes
- 1717–1733: Sir Adolphus Oughton
- 1733–1734: John Robinson[56]
- 1734–1743: Maj. Gen. John Folliot
- 1743–1745: Maj. Gen. George Churchill[57]
- 1745–1753: Edward Braddock[58]
- 1753–1755: Hedworth Lambton
- 1755–1762: The Hon. Bennet Noel[59]
- 1762–1762: Maj. Gen. Julius Caesar
- 1762–1763: William A'Court
- 1763–1777: John Thomas
- 1777–1785: Henry Lister[60]
- 1785–1789: Maj. Gen. Harry Trelawny[61]
- 1789–1795: Maj. Gen. Anthony George Martin[62]
- 1795–1800: Lt. Gen. Thomas Slaughter Stanwix[63]
- 1800–1800: Maj. Gen. Edward Morrison[64]
- 1800–1814: Maj. Gen. Andrew Cowell[65]
- 1814–1821: Col. the Hon. Henry Brand[66]
- 1821–1825: Col. Alexander Woodford[67]
- 1825–1830: Col. James Macdonell[68]
- 1830–1836: Col. Daniel Mackinnon
- 1836–1837: Col. Sir William Maynard Gomm
- 1837–1839: Col. John Fremantle
- 1839–1846: Col. William Lovelace Walton
- 1846–1848: Col. Charles Anthony Ferdinand Bentinck
- 1848–1851: Col. Thomas Chaplin
- 1851–1854: Col. Henry John William Bentinck
- 1854–1855: Col. the Hon. Arthur Upton
- 1855–1858: Col. the Hon. George Upton
- 1858–1860: Col. Lord Frederick Paulet
- 1860–1861: Col. William Samuel Newton
- 1861–1862: Col. Spencer Perceval
- 1862–1863: Col. Thomas Montagu Steele
- 1863–1866: Col. William Mark Wood
- 1866–1868: Col. Dudley William Carleton
- 1868–1871: Col. the Hon. Arthur Edward Hardinge
- 1871–1877: Col. the Hon. Percy Robert Basil Feilding
- 1877–1880: Col.
- 1880–1885: Col. George Robert FitzRoy[71][72]
- 1885–1890: Col. Godfrey James Wigram[73]
- 1890–1895: Col. John Barton Sterling[74]
- 1895–1898: Col. the Viscount Falmouth[75][76]
- 1898–1900: Col. the Hon.
- 1900–1903: Col. Sir Francis Aylmer Graves-Sawle[79]
- 1903–1907: Col. Alfred Edward Codrington[80]
- 1907–1910: Col. Frederick I. Maxse[81][82]
- 1910–1913: Col. the Hon. William Lambton[83][84]
- 1913–1914: Col. Cecil S. O. Monck[85]
- 1914–1917: Col. J. A. G. Richardson-Drummond-Hay[86]
- 1917–1919: Col. the Hon. G. A. C. Crichton[87]
- 1919–1919: Col. J. McC. Steele[88][89]
- 1919–1923: Col. H. W. Studd[90]
- 1923–1927: Col. J. V. Campbell[91]
- 1927–1930: Col. C. P. Heywood[92][93]
- 1932–1934: Col. H. C. Loyd[94][95]
- 1934–1938: Col. A. F. Smith[96][97]
- 1938–1939: Brig. J. A. C. Whitaker[98]
- 1939–1941: Col. G. J. Edwards[99]
- 1941–1942: Col J. C. W. Finch[99]
- 1942–1945: M. F. Trew[99]
- 1945–1946: A. Campbell, Lord Stratheden[99]
- 1946–1949: E. R. Hill[99]
- 1959–1961: Col. Richard J. V. Crichton
- 1961–1964: Col. Robert C. Windsor-Clive
- 1964: Col. Sir Jeffrey L. Darell, Bt.
- 1964–1965: Col. David A. H. Toler
- 1965–1967: Col. Alan B. Pemberton
- 1967–1969: Col. Sir Ian L. Jardine, Bt.
- 1969–1972: Col. Edward T. Smyth-Osbourne
- 1972–1975: Col. Everard I. Windsor-Clive
- 1975–1978: Col. Michael A. P. Mitchell
- 1978–1981: Col. Peter G. S. Tower
- 1981–1984: Col. Martin W. F. Maxse
- 1984–1986: Col. H. Malcolm C. Havergal
- 1986–1992: Col. Sir Brian W. de S. Barttelot, Bt.
- 1992–2002: Brig. Richard J. Heywood
- 2002–2012: Brig. Jonathan J. S. Bourne-May
- 2012–2015: Brig. Greville K. Bibby
- 2015–2018: Brig. Robin C. N. Sergeant
- 2018–present: Col. Toby P. O. Till
Battle honours
The Coldstream Guards have earned 117 battle honours:[100][101]
- The Great War (5 battalions): Selle, Sambre, France and Flanders 1914–1918
- The Second World War: Italy 1943–1945
- Gulf 1991[102]
Order of precedence
Alliances
- Canada – The Governor General's Foot Guards[103]
- Australia – 2nd Battalion, Royal Australian Regiment
- Royal Navy – HMS Ocean[104]
Gallery
-
A Coldstream Guards Sergeant dressing through the ranks during the rehearsal for the Trooping the Colour
-
Battle of Alma in the Crimean War
-
4th Coldstream in theThird Battle of Ypres, 1917
-
Coldstream Guard members of the Guards Parachute Platoon, 3rd Battalion, Parachute Regiment
-
Guardsman using the Sharpshooter Weapon System
-
Section Second in Command giving Quick Battle Orders during exercise
-
81mm Mortar moments after firing.
-
U.S. PresidentQueen Elizabeth II, accompanied by Major Oliver Biggs, reviewing the 1st Battalion, Coldstream Guards at Windsor Castle during Trump's visit to Londonin July 2018.
-
Battle of Bayonne's cemetery, 1814, France, detail
-
1st Battalion on Exercise in Kenya 2019
-
Two Coldstream Guardsmen show the traditional uniform and the capabilities with a Javelin system during a small-arms display in Cincu, Romania
See also
- Category:Coldstream Guards officers
- Category:Coldstream Guards soldiers
- Eddie Chapman criminal and World War II British double agent served with the Coldstream Guards.
- Honourable Artillery Company, the oldest surviving regiment in the British Army
- Band of the Coldstream Guards
Notes
- ^ The breast star of the Order of the Garter.
- ^ The Honourable Artillery Company, a reserve unit, being the oldest continuously serving regiment in the British Army as a whole.
Citations
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- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Ross of Bladensburg, Lt. Col. Sir John Foster George. A History of the Coldstream Guards, from 1815–1895. London: A. D. Innes & Co., 1896. p. 479
- ^ "Lord William Frederick Ernest Seymour – National Portrait Gallery". www.npg.org.uk.
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- ^ "No. 33251". The London Gazette. 25 February 1927. p. 1255.
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Affiliations: City of Sunderland; Coldstream Guards; 30 Squadron RAF; The Worshipful Company of Farriers; Pangbourne College; Brymon Airways; Old Ocean Association
References
- Sir ISBN 0-85052-769-4
- Harwood, Brian (2006). Chivalry and Command: 500 Years of Horse Guards (illustrated, annotated ed.). Osprey Publishing. p. 38. ISBN 1-84603-109-5.
- ISBN 0-00-719075-1
Further reading
- Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 656–659. See the end of page 657 and the start of 658. .
External links
- Official website
- Coldstream Guards (Official Charity Website)
- The Guards Museum Containing the history of the five regiments of Foot Guards, Wellington Barracks, London.
- Coldstream Guards Band site
- The Queen's Footguards
- Shiny Capstar (unofficial site)
- Canadian Coldstream Guards
- Coldstream Guards Corps Of Drums
- "Milanollo – Quick March of the Coldstream Guards" on YouTube
- Behind the Scenes with The Coldstream Guards Soldiery Portrait Exhibition on YouTube
- The Coldstream Guards Association Windsor Branch No.18
- British Army Locations from 1945 British Army Locations from 1945
- Origin and services of the Coldstream guards by Colonel Daniel Mackinnon