1781 in science
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1781 in science |
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Extraterrestrial environment |
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The year 1781 in science and technology involved some significant events.
Astronomy
- March 13 – William Herschel observes Uranus (although initially recording it as a comet).[1]
- March 20 – Pierre Méchain discovers dwarf galaxy NGC 5195.
- Charles Messier's final catalogue of Messier objects is published.
- Christian Mayer's catalogue of binary stars is published.[2]
Biology
- Felice Fontana uses a microscope to describe the axon of a brain cell.
- John Latham begins publication of A General Synopsis of Birds.
Chemistry
- Archibald Cochrane, 9th Earl of Dundonald is granted a British patent for the manufacture of coal tar.[3][4]
- Carl Wilhelm Scheele ascertains that a new acid can be made from tungstenite, leading to the discovery of tungsten in 1783.[5]
- Autumn – Peter Jacob Hjelm isolates molybdenum.[5][6]
Awards
Births
- January 30 – botanist (died 1838)
- February 17 –
- May 29 – John Walker, English chemist (died 1859)
- June 9 – George Stephenson, English locomotive engineer (died 1848)
- June 21 – Siméon Poisson, mathematician (died 1840)
- July 6 – Thomas Stamford Raffles, founder of the Zoological Society of London(died 1826)
- September 14 – James Walker, Scottish civil engineer (died 1862)
- October 5 – Bernhard Bolzano, mathematician(died 1848)
- December 11 – David Brewster, Scottish physicist (died 1868)
Deaths
- May 27 – Italian physicist (born 1716)
References
- S2CID 186208953.
- ^ "Verzeichniss aller bisher entdeckten Doppeltsterne" In Johann Elert Bode's Astronomisches Jahrbuch for 1784, pp. 183-6.
- ISBN 0-333-24827-9.
- ^ "Coal Tar Before the Invention of Town's Gas". Retrieved 2011-12-31.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-19-850341-5.
- ^ Hjelm, P. J. (1788). "Versuche mit Molybdäna, und Reduction der selben Erde". Der Königl. Schwedischen Akademie der Wissenschaften neue Abhandlungen aus der Naturlehre, Haushaltungskunst und Mechanik. 49. Leipzig: 268.
- ^ "Copley Medal | British scientific award". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
- ^ "Laennec, René-Théophile-Hyacinthe (1781-1826)". catalogue.bnf.fr (in French). Bibliothèque Nationale de France. Retrieved 6 February 2021.