1810s Atlantic hurricane seasons
This article has an unclear citation style. (September 2012) |
The decade of the 1810s featured the 1810s Atlantic hurricane seasons. While data is not available for every storm that occurred, some parts of the coastline were populated enough to give data of hurricane occurrences. Each season was an ongoing event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation in the Atlantic basin. Most tropical cyclone formation occurs between June 1 and November 30.
Atlantic hurricane seasons |
1810 Atlantic hurricane season
Tropical Storm One
On July 30 and July 31, this
Hurricane Two
On August 12 a hurricane hit Trinidad, causing heavy damage. The system apparently moved to Jamaica by the 15th.[2]
Tropical Storm Three
A tropical storm hit near Charleston, South Carolina between September 11 and September 13, causing minor damage.
Hurricane Four
A hurricane strikes eastern Cuba on September 28.
Hurricane Five
The "Salty Storm" strikes Cuba on October 24 and 25th before continuing onward into the southwest
).1811 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane One
Macapá, a city in Brazil on the mouth of the Amazon River, on June 7, 1811, saw an intense hurricane with damage to the city being minor as a localized weather event kept the damage to Portuguese military installations.
Hurricane Two
A minimal hurricane that struck Cuba continued onward to Charleston, South Carolina on September 10, causing many deaths, tornadoes, and crop damage as it moved across the state.
Hurricane Three
On October 4 a major hurricane hit near St. Augustine, Florida. Many homes were destroyed, and 35 people drowned in the sinking of a U.S. gunboat.
Hurricane Four
On October 11 a hurricane strikes Pensacola, Florida and
Hurricane Five
A hurricane moved through the western Caribbean west of Jamaica to Cuba between October 20 and October 25. On October 26, a Spanish ship is lost at Elliot Key from a hurricane.[1]
1812 Atlantic hurricane season
Tropical Storm One
Between June 5 and June 11, a tropical storm moved through the northwest Caribbean Sea.
Tropical Storm Two
A tropical storm struck Puerto Rico on July 23.[5]
Tropical Storm Three
On August 8, a tropical storm moved into South Carolina.
Hurricane Four
The Great Louisiana hurricane of 1812
A tropical storm was sighted east of Jamaica on August 14. By August 19, it struck southeast Louisiana as a major hurricane after raking the Caribbean Islands. It passed just to the west of New Orleans, almost destroying the levee north of town. The hurricane caused severe flooding, damaged 53 boats, caused $6,000,000 in damage, and 100 deaths. The British fleet in the War of 1812 was disrupted.[6]
Hurricane Five
There is record of another hurricane affecting Puerto Rico on August 21.
Hurricane Six
A hurricane impacted northeast coastal Florida and lower coastal Georgia on October 1. The storm was apparently either stationary for a few days, or performed a loop at sea, as hurricane conditions were reported again on October 5 in the same general areas.[7][8]
Hurricane Seven
Later in the season, a hurricane hit
1813 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane One
July 22–29. On 22 July, a hurricane hit
Hurricane Two
July 29-August 1. A hurricane moved through the Leeward Islands on July 29 and then struck Jamaica during July 31 and August 1 leading to many lives lost. The hurricane moved into Belize on August 3.[12]
Hurricane Three
August 3–7. A hurricane strikes nearby Bermuda with the severest weather occurring on August 4 and 5. It ranks the most powerful hurricane to affect the island since 1793 and forced the construction of a breakwater to prevent a similar harbor disaster from recurring; the "violent gale" drove ashore more than 30 ships. Winds were estimated at 90 mph (140 km/h) during the passage of the hurricane.[13][14]
Hurricane Four
August 24–29. A storm affected the Caicos islands on August 24 and moved northwest as a compact major hurricane to strike near Charleston, South Carolina on August 27, causing many deaths due to drowning. The storm passed northward through the Mid-Atlantic States by August 29.[15][1]
Hurricane Five
August 25–28. A powerful hurricane hit Dominica and Martinique beginning August 25, causing 3,000 deaths. The hurricane moved south of Jamaica, bringing wind to the island on August 28.[16]
Hurricane Six
A major hurricane hit northeast Florida or southeast Georgia on 16 September, causing strong storm surge and 50 casualties.
1814 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane One
A minimal hurricane hit South Carolina on July 1, causing 1 tornado.
Hurricane Two
A hurricane struck Dominica and Puerto Rico between July 22 and July 24.
Hurricane Three
A hurricane affected Bermuda for four days around October 10. USS Wasp probably lost in hurricane.[17]
1815 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane One
July 27-August 10. A hurricane was reported on August 9 in the Gulf Stream offshore of the Mid-Atlantic and New England states at latitude 40, longitude -60. It is suspected that HMS Epervier (as the renamed USS Epervier) foundered in the storm, on its return voyage from the Mediterranean with news of the United States Naval victory over the Dey of Algiers in the Second Barbary War.[18]
Hurricane Two
A hurricane impacted Puerto Rico on August 30.[4]
Hurricane Three
August 26-September 5.
Hurricane Four
A hurricane struck Puerto Rico on September 15.[4]
Hurricane Five
September 16–23. A major hurricane was located off the coast of
Tropical Storm Six
A tropical storm was located off the coast of South Carolina on September 28, but did not make landfall.
Hurricane Seven
October 18–22. From October 17 until October 19 Jamaica was hit by a hurricane. It drifted over the island causing 100 deaths. It later moved on to the Turks and Caicos Islands on October 22.[22]
Hurricane Eight
A minimal hurricane hit Saint Barthélemy on October 18. It turned northwestward, and moved up the Chesapeake Bay on October 24, delaying ships' arrivals.
1816 Atlantic hurricane season
Records from ship logs have determined both 1815 and 1816 were active hurricane seasons, with at least 12 tropical cyclones ascribed to 1816 alone. This is some evidence that a northward-displaced Intertropical Convergence Zone appears to be partially responsible for the increased tropical cyclone activity in 1816, which was the famed Year Without a Summer.[23]
Hurricane One
June 5–8. A hurricane brushed the Florida Keys, causing the loss of five ships.[3] It appears to have been lured northward by an unusual June snowstorm across New England.[24]
Hurricane Two
Haiti, around Port-au-Prince, was struck by a hurricane on August 18.[25]
Hurricane Three
Martinique, eastern Cuba, and South Carolina were lashed by a hurricane between September 3 and September 11.[1]
Tropical Storm Four
A tropical storm affected
Hurricane Five
There is record of a hurricane moving by Dominica[1] and Barbados[26] on September 15 before devastating Puerto Rico [1] on September 18. The cyclone then recurved between the United States East coast and Bermuda by September 25.
Hurricane Six
On October 16–17, a severe gale was experienced in Dominica and Martinique. During the storm, an earthquake shook the region.[26]
1817 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane One
A hurricane was first observed near
Hurricane Two
Barbados and Saint Lucia were struck by a hurricane on October 21, causing 250 deaths as it moved through the Lesser Antilles. The hurricane subsequently moved into Nicaragua by October 26.[1]
1818 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane One
A hurricane passed through the central Atlantic east of Bermuda to south and east of the Azores between August 26 and September 5.[1] It reportedly silted at Hamilton Harbor on Bermuda. (from Beware the Hurricane)
Hurricane Two
A hurricane passed by the Cayman Islands in early September. It crossed the Yucatán Peninsula, and turned northwest when it reached the Bay of Campeche. The hurricane intensified to a Category 2–3 before hitting Galveston, Texas on September 12 and continuing onward to Mississippi. The hurricane was "quite severe", destroying all but six houses on Galveston Island.[27]
Hurricane Three
A hurricane seriously affected Puerto Rico on September 22. It possibly recurved sharply offshore the Eastern Seaboard; the frigate Macedonian encountered a hurricane on 26/27 September east-northeast of Bermuda. The breeze freshened that afternoon as the ship lay near 35.6N 55.7W. By sunset, waves increased to 9 feet (2.7 m), and southeast gales lashed the system after midnight on the 27 September. Winds continued to increase into that afternoon, as seas increased to 18 feet (5.5 m). One man fell overboard by 5 pm and drowned. The hurricane reached its full violence by 10 pm, splitting the storm staysails and making the rigging useless. The main mast cracked under the strain by 2 am on the 28 September, and the mizzenmast followed suit by 4 am. Seawater poured into the ship from all sides, as the wooden hull twisted under the force of the 40-foot (12 m) waves. The ship finally cleared the storm without capsizing by noon, and her crew again saw sunset on the evening of September 29.[28]
Hurricane Four
A hurricane on October 12–14 affected
Hurricane Five
Between November 6 and November 13, another hurricane moved across the southwest Caribbean Sea into Jamaica and Cuba.[1] A hurricane struck Jamaica on 18–20 November.[30]
1819 Atlantic hurricane season
Hurricane One
The Bay St. Louis Hurricane of 1819 July 24–30. The exact origin of this hurricane is unknown, but it likely formed off the coast of
Hurricane Two
The San Mateo Hurricane of 1819 September 19–26. A hurricane San Mateo tracked through the northeast Lesser Antilles and southwest of Bermuda starting on September 19. During September 21 and 22, this hurricane hit the Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico, causing heavy damage and loss of life.[5] In Saint Tomas about 101 ships were sunk. In Puerto Rico, the hurricane destroyed most of the houses in the towns and most of the crops in the fields.[32][33]
Tropical Storm Three
September. A tropical storm hit between New Orleans and Apalachicola in September, with heavy rainfall well inland.[34]
Hurricane Four
October 13–15. A hurricane passed through the Leeward Islands during October 13 to 15.[35]
Hurricane Five
October 27–29. A
In the aftermath of the 1815 Great Gale, the concept of a hurricane as a "moving vortex" was presented by John Farrar, Hollis Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Harvard University in an 1819 paper. He was the first known to conclude that a hurricane "appears to have been a moving vortex and not the rushing forward of a great body of the atmosphere".
See also
References
- ^ S2CID 154932650. Retrieved September 14, 2012.
- ^ The Deadliest Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1492–1996
- ^ a b Hurricanes in the Florida Keys
- ^ a b c Garcia-Herrera, Ricardo; Gimeno, Luis; Ribera, Pedro; Hernandez, Emiliano (November 29, 2004). "New records of Atlantic hurricanes from Spanish documentary sources". Universidad Complutense de Madrid. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
- ^ Mayagüez Campus. Archived from the originalon November 18, 2012. Retrieved December 28, 2010.
- Roanoke Times. Archived from the originalon September 8, 2012. Retrieved January 1, 2008.
- ^ Chronological Listing of Tropical Cyclones affecting North Florida and Coastal Georgia 1565-1899. Al Sandrik & Christopher Landsea (May 2003), pg 16
- ^ Atlantic Hurricanes, Dunn and Miller (1960)
- ^ "Storms: 1800 - 1899". Cayman Prepared. Cayman Islands Hazard Management. Retrieved September 25, 2020.
- S2CID 150631324.
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #236
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #237
- ^ Beware the Hurricane.
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #238
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #239
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #240
- ^ Beware the Hurricane, Terry Tucker. 1982.
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #242
- ISBN 978-1-59629-391-5.
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #243
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #244
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #245
- .
- ^ "The Maine Climate". www.umaine.edu. Archived from the original on December 18, 2002. Retrieved January 12, 2022.
- ^ "Haiti: List of Disasters". Archived from the original on February 3, 2006. Retrieved February 16, 2006.
- ^ a b hurricane
- ^ "Significant Weather, 1700s and 1800s" [The Weather Has Played a Significant Role in Texas History]. Texas Almanac. Texas State Historical Association (TSHA).
- ^ James Tertius de Kay, 2000: Chronicles of the Frigate Macedonian 1809–1922. New York: W. W. Norton, p. 129–139.
- ^ "A Time Line of Jewish Jamaica". Archived from the original on December 12, 2009. Retrieved February 16, 2006.
- .
- "Hurricanes in Jamaica, W. I." (PDF). Monthly Weather Review. Archived from the original (PDF) on February 25, 2017.
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #256
- ^ Mújica-Baker, Frank. Huracanes y Tormentas que han afectadi a Puerto Rico (PDF). Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Agencia Estatal para el manejo de Emergencias y Administracion de Desastres. p. 11. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 9, 2010.
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #257
- ISBN 0-8078-2443-7.
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #258
- ^ Reassessment of Historical Atlantic Basin Tropical Cyclone Activity 1700-1855 (2006), M Chenoweth, Final Storm #259
Books
- David Longshore. "Bay St. Louis Hurricane." Encyclopedia of Hurricanes, Typhoons and Cyclones. David Longshore. New York: Facts on File, 1998, p. 33–34.
- Terry Tucker. Beware the Hurricane! The Story of the Gyratory Tropical Storms That Have Struck Bermuda. Bermuda: Hamilton Press, 1966, p. 77–87.