1993 in Georgia (country)

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1993
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Decades:
See also:Other events of 1993
List of years in Georgia (country)

Incumbents

Events

January

  • January 5 –
    Sokhumi
    by Abkhaz forces.

February

  • February 20 – War in Abkhazia: A warplane attack on Sokhumi kills one and wounds eight. Georgia says that the attack was launched by Russia.[1][2]

March

April

  • April 12 – Georgian leader Eduard Shevardnadze and Ukrainian President Leonid Kravchuk sign a friendship treaty. They criticize Russia for being a "third force" trying to meddle into internal affairs of its neighbors.[4]
  • April 20 – According to Izvestia, which cites a source close to Georgian security services, Tengiz Kitovani allegedly holds a closed meeting with local officials in Mingrelia, Gamsakhurdia's stronghold, reportedly telling them that Shevardnadze should be sacked.[5]

May

  • May 14 – War in Abkhazia: Georgian Head of State Eduard Shevardnadze and Russian President Boris Yeltsin agree on a ceasefire to begin in Abkhazia on 25 May, along with the withdrawal of Russian military from Georgia by the end of 1995.[6]

June

  • June – Helsinki Watch cites Georgia for political persecution and media obstruction.

July

  • July 1 – War in Abkhazia: Abkhazian separatists and North Caucasian militants launch an offensive on the outskirts of Sokhumi, attacking the villages on the "Gumista front".
  • July 2 – War in Abkhazia: Abkhazian separatists and North Caucasian militants launch a naval landing from Russian ship on Tamish, a village south of Sokhumi.
  • July 5 – War in Abkhazia: Abkhazian separatists and North Caucasian militants attack Shroma, Akhalsheni and Kamani, the villages north of Sokhumi on the bank of Gumista river.
  • July 6 – War in Abkhazia: Shevardnadze declares a martial law in Abkhazia.[7][8]
  • July 7 – War in Abkhazia: Separatists reject martial law.[9]
  • July 9 – War in Abkhazia: Abkhazian separatists and North Caucasian militants capture Shroma, Akhalsheni and Kamani. Separatists commit a massacre against ethnic Georgians in Kamani after capturing the village.
  • July 10 – War in Abkhazia: Georgian forces repel the enemy forces from Tamish.
  • July 18 – Zhiuli Shartava is appointed as the governor of Abkhazia by Shevardnadze, replacing Tamaz Nadareishvili.[10]
  • July 20 – War in Abkhazia: The Mkhedrioni leader Jaba Ioseliani threatens Russia with "another Afghanistan" if Russia aids separatists to capture Abkhazia, saying that Mkhedrioni will attack Russian bases. He also says that the separatists failed to capture Sukhumi with military means and were trying to make Georgia cede city with "political tricks" and Russian diplomatic pressure.[11]
  • July 27 – War in Abkhazia: A ceasefire agreement is signed in Sochi.[12]
  • July 28 – War in Abkhazia: Russian peacekeeping force arrives to Abkhazia to monitor a ceasefire.[13]

August

  • August 6 – The government of Tengiz Sigua resigns, after the Parliament calls for its dismissal. Georgian Head of State Eduard Shevardandze takes over as a temporary prime minister, concentrating power in his own hands, saying that Georgia's existence will be threatened unless power is centralized.[14]
  • August 8 – American envoy Fred Woodruff is killed in Georgia.[15]
  • August 11 – A bomb explosion in the Marneuli market kills four and wounds 20. The explosion is supposedly connected to a spillover of Nagorno-Karabakh conflict over into Georgia's southern regions populated with Azerbaijanis and Armenians.[16]
  • August 15 – War in Abkhazia: Greece carries out a humanitarian operation, Operation Golden Fleece, evacuating 1,015 Greeks from Abkhazia.
  • August 18 – Dinamo Tbilisi hold its first international match, beating Linfield 2-1.[17]
  • August 28:
    • War in Abkhazia: UNOMIG starts operating in Abkhazia in accordance with the Sochi agreement.
    • Georgian Civil War: Gamsakhurdia's troops under the command of Loti Kobalia capture Abasha, Zugdidi and Senaki.
  • August – A mob in Tbilisi lynchs two men who murdered a small girl during an armed roberry. The lynching took place in the presence of police. Lynching became a frequent occurrence in 1992 and 1993, often in the presence of police officers. According to the estimates of the local journalists, one lynching occurs per month.[18]

September

Exhibition at the 2005 commemoration of the ethnic cleansing in Abkhazia, held on its 12th anniversary in Tbilisi.
  • September 2 – Georgian Civil War: The disbanded Georgian Supreme Council meets in Zugdidi and announces the restoration of the Gamaskhurdia's government in Georgia, appointing Besarion Gugushvili as the prime minister and calling Zviad Gamsakhurdia to return to Georgia.
  • September 7 – Georgian Civil War: Gamsakhurdia's troops capture Gali without fighting.[19]
  • September 11:
    • Two-day negotiations between the government of Eduard Shevardnadze and supporters of Zviad Gamsakhurdia in Batumi yield no results as the sides fail to agree on a power-sharing arrangement.[20]
    • Eduard Shevardnadze unveils his plan to introduce a state of emergency in Georgia.[20]
  • September 13 – Eduard Shevardnadze proposes a state of emergency and the dissolution of Georgian Parliament for a period of three months to deal with the crises. His program includes banning rallies, curtailing all political activity, and censoring mass media. However, the Parliament rejects his proposal, with the Mkhedrioni leader and MP Jaba Ioseliani charging Shevardnadze with attempting to create "a dictatorship by communist methods".[21]
  • September 14:
    • Shevardnadze says he will abruptly resign because of the Parliament's rejection of his proposal, stages a protest rally.[21] This leads to the Parliament granting Shevardnadze emergency powers.[22]
    • Georgian Civil War: Taking advantage of disarray in Tbilisi, Loti Kobalia's troops launch offensive after midnight.[23]
  • September 15 – Georgian Civil War: Fighting concentrates around the railroad-highway intersection near the village of Japana; Shevardnadze arrives to western Georgia and issues an appeal, threatens to counter-attack.[23]
  • September 16:
    • War in Abkhazia: Separatists launch an offensive on
      Sokhumi
      .
    • The Parliament accepts Shevardnadze's offer about self-dissolution, with the Emergency Council of 5 set to take control of the affairs in the country on 20 September.
  • September 17 – The United Nations issues statement, calling the Abkhaz side to respect its commitment to ceasefire and the peace process.[24]
  • September 18 – War in Abkhazia: In a besieged Sokhumi, Eduard Shevardnadze states that the Russian military authorities masterminded the Abkhaz attack on Sokhumi and blames the "anti-Yeltsin reactionary group" within the Russian establishment for fighting against Georgia, urging an international community to act. He calls the War in Abkhazia a "bloody revenge of the
    1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt.[25]
  • September 19 – US President Bill Clinton sends a letter to Russian President Boris Yeltsin and Georgian leader Shevardandze, expressing support for Georgia's territorial integrity and condemning Abkhazian offensive.[24]
  • September 20–23 – Sukhumi airliner attacks by Abkhaz separatists result in 136 deaths.
  • September 24 – Zviad Gamsakhurdia returns to Georgia.
  • September 27 – War in Abkhazia: Separatists capture Sokhumi. The victory is accompanied by extensive brutality against Georgian civilians, which forces around 200 000 Georgians to flee the region as the Abkhaz separatists continue their offensive. Their houses are claimed by Abkhazians as the prize properties.[26]
  • September 29 – War in Abkhazia: Separatists capture Gulripshi.
  • September 29 – Russian Foreign Affairs Minister Andrei Kozyrev says Russia imposed economic sanctions on Abkhazia.
  • September 30 – War in Abkhazia: Separatists capture Ochamchire and Gali, last major towns in Abkhazia under Georgian control, signaling Abkhaz victory in the 13-month long war. Georgia retains control only of the Upper Kodori Valley in Abkhazia.

October

A map of the Georgian Civil War.
  • October 2 – Georgian Civil War: Gamsakhurdia's troops capture Poti.[27][28]
  • October 3 – Georgian Civil War: Gamsakhurdia's troops capture Khoni and Vani.[29][30]
  • October 3 – Shevardnadze sends a message to Boris Yeltsin, supporting him during the 1993
    Russian constitutional crisis.[31]
  • October 4 – Georgian Civil War: Shevardnadze's troops repel Gamsakhurdia's troops from Khoni.[32]
  • October 5 –
    International Red Cross says an aid convoy with food and clothing for refugees arrives to Zugdidi, where refugees gather after walking for days over Caucasus Mountains to escape Abkhazian offensive. A UN official says 50,000 refugees are trapped in the freezing mountains.[33]
  • October 8 – Georgian Civil War: In a meeting between Russian President Boris Yeltsin, Armenian President Levon Ter-Petrosyan, Azerbaijani President Heydar Aliyev and Georgian Head of State Eduard Shevardnadze, Shevardnadze says he will agree on joining the Commonwealth of Independent Nations in exchange for the military help to defeat Gamsakhurdia's troops.
  • October 17 – Georgian Civil War: Gamsakhurdia's troops capture Samtredia, a key junction between Tbilisi and Batumi, the only coastal city remaining the hands of Shevardnadze's government. The government in Tbilisi announces that the capital is running out of supplies and warns about starvation.[34][35][36][37]
  • October 19 – Georgian Civil War: The Georgian Parliament votes to join the Commonwealth of Independent States.[38]
  • October 20 – Georgian Civil War: Russia sends its troops to Georgia, with a stated goal of protecting railroads from Gamsakhurdia's troops, Armenia and Azerbaijan announce political support.[39]
  • October 20 – Georgian Civil War: Shevardnadze's troops repel Gamsakhurdia's troops from
    Tskaltubo, stoping their offensive on Kutaisi, Georgia's second largest city. In a counteroffensive, they capture Tskaltubo and Khoni.[40]
  • October 22 – Georgian Civil War: Georgian Head of State Eduard Shevardnadze finalizes Georgia's accession to the CIS; Shevardnadze's troops reclaim Samtredia after a fierce battle.[41]
  • October 22 – Georgian Civil War: In an alleged attempt to distract Shevardnadze's troops and prevent them from entering Mingrelia, Gamsakhurdia's stronghold, Gamsakhurdia's forces launch an offensive in the southern direction and capture Ozurgeti without a fighting.
  • October 24 – Georgian Civil War: Shevardnadze's troops capture first towns in Mingrelia, Martvili and Abasha.
  • October 25 – Georgian Civil War: Russian-Ukrainian Black Sea Fleet enters Poti port, Gamsakhurdia's troops withdraw without a fighting.
  • October 27 – Georgian Civil War: Shevardnadze's troops capture Senaki and Khobi after fierce battles, the last towns on their way to Zugdidi, where headquarters of Gamsakhurdia's rebel government is located.[42][43] Shevardnadze's government issues arrest warrants for Gamsakhurdia and his generals.[38]
  • October 28 – Georgian Civil War: Gamsakhurdia's troops repel Shevardnadze's offensive near the village of Tsatskhvi, launch counter-offensive.[44][45]
  • October 29 – Georgian Civil War: Gamsakhurdia's troops recapture Khobi and Senaki, force Shevardnadze's troops and Russian soldiers to withdraw.[46][47][48]
  • October 31 – Georgian Civil War: Gamsakhurdia's troops launch further offensive, but are stopped by Russian forces on the river of Tekhuri.

November

  • November 1 – Georgian Civil War: Shevardnadze's troops recapture Senaki.
  • November 2 – Georgian Civil War: Gamsakhurdia's troops unsuccessfully attack Russian forces in Poti.
  • November 4 – Georgian Civil War: Shevardnadze's troops recapture Khobi.[49]
  • November 6 – Georgian Civil War: Shevardnadze's troops capture Zugdidi, Gamsakhurdia's forces are crushed;[50] Mingrelia is subject to wide-scale looting by Mkhedrioni troops.
  • November 8 – Georgian troops move to the Enguri river.[51]
  • November 9 – Reports indicate that Georgian and Abkhazian troops clash along the Enguri River, first time since September.[52] Russia threatens to impose sanctions on "aggressor".[53]
  • November 18 – Vladislav Ardzinba announces referendum in Abkhazia on joining Russia.[54]
  • November 19 – Eduard Shevardnadze says Georgia will launch a new military operation in Abkhazia unless the region returns under Georgian control peacefully. Shevardnadze urges Russia to pressure separatists to seek political settlement.[55]
  • November 29 – Abkhaz offensive in the Upper Kodori Valley.
  • November 30 – Negotiations begin in Geneva between Abkhaz and Georgian sides under the aegis of the UN, with Russia as facilitator and a representative of the CSCE.

December

  • December 1 – A ceasefire agreement is signed between Georgian and Abkhazian sides in Geneva.[56]
  • December 9 – In the wake of chronic flour and energy shortages, Georgia introduces bread rationing.[57]
  • December 25 – An explosion at a Security Ministry facility in Tbilisi leaves two people wounded. The explosion is preceded by quarrels between the Defence Minister
    Gia Karkarashvili and Security Minister Igor Giorgadze, with Giorgadze allegedly accusing Karkarashvili of losing a war in Abkhazia and threatening to arrest him, and Karkarashvili allegedly sending military units to disarm and arrest security officials. The Security Ministry issues a statement, accusing the Defence Ministry of the "campaign of intimidation".[58]
  • December 26 – Shevardnadze sets up a commission headed by Prime Minister Otar Ptsatsaia to investigate an explosion.[58]

Deaths

References

  1. ^ "Georgian Accuses Yeltsin". New York Times. 1993-02-24. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  2. ^ "Georgian anger". The Independent. 1993-02-22. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  3. ^ "Georgia Shoots Down a Russian Plane". New York Times. 1993-03-20. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  4. ^ "Ozal brings moral support but little material help for Azeris". The Independent. 1993-04-13. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  5. ^ "Georgian plot". The Independent. 1993-04-20. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  6. ^ "Ex-Soviet Nations Agree to Form Economic Union". New York Times. 1993-05-15. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  7. ^ "Region of Georgia gets Martial Law". New York Times. 1993-07-07. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  8. ^ "Martial Law Declared in Abkhazia". The Los Angeles Times. 1993-07-07. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  9. ^ "Breakaway Abkhazia rejects Georgian martial law". UPI. 1993-07-07. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  10. ^ "Shevardnadze sacks governor in Abkhazia". UPI. 1993-07-18. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  11. ^ "Georgian military leader threatens Russia with partisan war". UPI. 1993-07-20. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  12. ^ "Georgia and Separatist Region Sign a Truce". New York Times. 1993-07-28. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  13. ^ "Russian Troops in Georgia to Monitor a Ceasefire". The Buffalo News. 1993-08-01. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  14. ^ "Georgia force". The Independent. 1993-08-06. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  15. ^ "In Sovereign Georgia, Crime, Civil War and Empty Coffers". New York Times. 1993-08-26. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  16. ^ "Bomb kills four in busy Georgian market". UPI. 1993-08-11. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  17. ^ "Georgia mayhem shocks hard men from Belfast: Tbilisi gives soccer and violence a new perspective. Andrew Higgins reports". The Independent. 1993-08-21. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  18. ^ "Human Rights Watch World Report 1994 - Georgia; Events of 1993". Refworld. 1994-01-01. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  19. ^ "Ousted president's supporters capture another Georgian town". United Press International. 1993-09-10. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  20. ^ a b "Georgian leader to impose state of emergency". United Press International. 1993-09-11. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  21. ^ a b "Threat to Quit Gets Georgia to Declare Emergency: Caucasus: Leader Eduard Shevardnadze tenders resignation during televised legislative session". Los Angeles Times. 1993-09-15. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  22. ^ "Shevardnadze Offers Resignation In Fight With Georgia Parliament". New York Times. 1993-09-15. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  23. ^ a b "Shevardnadze, Reclaiming Job, Appeals to Rebels". Los Angeles Times. 1993-09-16. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  24. ^ a b "Clinton backs Shevardnadze". UPI. 1993-09-20. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  25. ^ პაპასქირი, ზ., „ნარკვევები თანამედროვე აფხაზეთის ისტორიული წარსულიდან“, ტ. II, თბილისი: თბილისის სახელმწიფო უნივერსიტეტის სოხუმის ფილიალი, 2007, p. 416-417
  26. ^ "Atrocities Reported After Rebel Victory in Georgia". Washington Post. 1993-10-22. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  27. ^ "Port seized in 2nd front in Georgia". Washington Post. 1993-10-02. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  28. ^ "Black Sea Port Falls to Rebels in a Disintegrating Georgia : Unrest: Thousands flee east as web of civil wars racks the former Soviet land. Shevardnadze's losses mount". Los Angeles Times. 1993-10-03. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  29. ^ "Georgian Rebels seize 2 more towns". Washington Post. 1993-10-03. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  30. ^ "Georgia Rebels Advance Out of Ethnic Area Toward Capital". Los Angeles Times. 1993-10-04. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  31. ^ "Russia's New Foreign Policy" (PDF). American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  32. ^ "Separatists Seize Most of Georgia's Abkhazia Region". Stanford University. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  33. ^ "FIRST SIGN OF AID ARRIVES TO REFUGEES IN GEORGIA". Greensboro. 1993-10-05. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  34. ^ "Georgia Rebels Defy Order, Down TV Tower". Tampa Bay Times. 1993-10-18. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  35. ^ "Georgia Rebels Defy Order, Down TV Tower". Greensboro News and Record. 1993-10-18. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  36. ^ "Shevardnadze Dealt a Major Blow as Georgian Rebels Seize Key Town". Los Angeles Times. 1993-10-18. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  37. ^ "Rebels close in on Shevardnadze". The Independent. 1993-10-18. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  38. ^ a b "Georgia: C.I.S. Membership Decreed; Other News" (PDF). 1993-11-04. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  39. ^ Human Rights Watch. VIOLATIONS OF THE LAWS OF WAR AND RUSSIA'S ROLE IN THE CONFLICT. p. 44
  40. ^ "Government forces strike back in western Georgia". United Press International. 1993-10-20. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  41. ^ "Rebels ousted". The Independent. 1993-10-22. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  42. ^ "Troops in Georgia, Gaining, Attack Stronghold of Rebels". The New York Times. 1993-10-27. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  43. ^ "Georgia beats back rebels but makes mistake bombing on Russians". United Press International. 1993-10-27. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  44. ^ "Georgian Rebels Go On Offensive, Retake Town". Tulsa World. 1993-10-29. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  45. ^ "Rebels Fight to Turn Back Georgia Troops". Deseret News. 1993-10-28. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  46. ^ "Rebels Retaje Rail Junction in W. Georgia". Desert News. 1993-10-31. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  47. ^ "Rebels drive government troops out of west Georgian town". United Press International. 1993-10-30. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  48. ^ "Georgian Rebels Retake Rail Junction". Washington Press. 1993-10-30. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  49. ^ "GEORGIAN TROOPS RETAKE TOWN AFTER 3 DAYS OF BLOODY FIGHTING". Deseret News. 1993-11-04. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  50. ^ "Georgia troops take last rebel-held town". The Independent. 1993-11-07. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  51. ^ "Peace moves". The Independent. 1993-11-09. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  52. ^ "Georgian fight". The Independent. 1993-11-10. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  53. ^ "Tension increases in Georgia". UPI. 1993-11-09. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  54. ^ "Chronology for Abkhazians in Georgia". Refworld. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  55. ^ "Georgian Talks of New War With Separatists". New York Times. 1993-11-19. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  56. ^ "GEORGIANS, SEPARATISTS SIGN CEASE-FIRE, PEACE ACCORD". Greensboro. 1993-12-01. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  57. ^ "Georgia starts bread rationing". UPI. 1993-12-09. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
  58. ^ a b "Row between Georgian ministries causes tension". UPI. 1993-12-26. Retrieved 2023-02-10.
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