2-6-4

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2-6-4 (Adriatic)
Neilson, Reid & Company
Evolved from2-6-2

Under the

steam locomotives, a 2-6-4 locomotive has two leading wheels, six coupled driving wheels and four trailing wheels
.

Overview

With only a few known exceptions, the Adriatic wheel arrangement was usually used on tank locomotives, for which various suffixes to indicate the type of tank would be added to the wheel arrangement, for example 2-6-4T for an engine with side-tanks.

Tender locomotives

The earliest known example was the South African Class 6Z, designed by Cape Government Railways (CGR) Chief Locomotive Superintendent Hazlitt Beatty in 1901. The first engines of the class were modified 2-6-2 Prairie locomotives which were equipped with two-axle trailing bogies. In 1902, more were placed in service, but built with the 2-6-4 wheel arrangement. The latter were the first known tender locomotives in the world to be built with this wheel arrangement.[1][2][3]

Tank locomotives

2-6-4T wheel arrangement were produced for many different railway systems worldwide and were mainly used for freight and suburban passenger working. They have been less successful on express passenger trains. The earliest known example also originated in South Africa, the Pretoria-Pietersburg Railway's 55 Tonner of 1898.[3][4][5]

Usage

Austria

Austrian Class 210

Two Austrian express tender locomotive types were of this wheel arrangement, the Class 210 of 1908 and Class 310 of 1911 designed by Karl Gölsdorf. The type therefore became known as the Adriatic arrangement, named for the Adriatic Sea which bordered Austria-Hungary until 1918.

Brazil

Preserved meter gauge locomotive Dona Joaninha, built to haul sugar cane in Brazil, uses the 2-6-4 wheel arrangement.

Finland

Finnish State Railways

Finland had three locomotive classes with a 2-6-4T wheel arrangement, the Classes Vk1, Vk2 and Vk3. All three classes were nicknamed Iita.

The Class Vk1, numbered 301 to 305, were delivered in 1900 from Baldwin Locomotive Works of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The Class Vk1 Iita were also nicknamed Amerikan because they were built in the United States of America.

The Class Vk2 were numbered 454 to 455.

The

Finnish Steam Locomotive Class Vk3 were numbered 456 and 487 to 492. They were built in 1915 by Tampella, a Finnish heavy industry manufacturer, and were used for local passenger duties. One of them, Vk3 No 489, is preserved at the Finnish Railway Museum
.

Germany

goods train and passenger train
service, were built in 1955 as part of the DB's Neubaulok construction programme. They were both withdrawn from service in 1968. One, DB 66 002, has been preserved at the Bochum-Dahlhausen Railway Museum.

TAG 8

For the private TAG, which operated the railway line from Schaftlach to Tegernsee, the 2-6-4T steam locomotive TAG 8 was built in 1942, using wheels from DRG Class E 79. It was in service until 1970 and has been preserved in the Bavarian Railway Museum.

Sweden

SJ type SB with driving wheels 1.75 m diameter for passenger use, built Motala 1917, one preserved.

SJ type J with driving wheels 1.3 m diameter for mixed traffic use, built Atlas, Motala and Nohab, 1914–1918. Four preserved.

Switzerland

2-6-4 tank locomotives were built by SLM in 1913 for use on the Berne-Neuenberg railway. They were still in use at Basel in 1956. Of slightly British appearance, at that time they were used to transfer stock between the French and Swiss systems, the former having not yet been electrified.

New Zealand

The Ferrymead Railway in Christchurch, New Zealand has a 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm) gauge 2-6-4T locomotive that was in regular operation until taken off-line for boiler repairs around 2009. It was built by Baldwin Locomotive Works in 1901.[6]

The

New Zealand Government Railways was built between 1903 and 1928 and was a general purpose tank design. It was used all over New Zealand and identical locomotives were also in service as the Ds class of the Tasmanian Government Railways. Three Wf class
locomotives survived in preservation:

South Africa

Between 1898 and 1900, the Pretoria-Pietersburg Railway (PPR) placed six 2-6-4T locomotives in service, built by

Nederlandsche-Zuid-Afrikaansche Spoorwegmaatschappij (NZASM) and then by the Imperial Military Railways (IMR). After the war, they were taken onto the roster of the Central South African Railways (CSAR) and in 1912 they were assimilated into the South African Railways (SAR) as Class D.[3][4][5][7]

In 1901, the CGR placed four 6th Class

Neilson, Reid & Company. During trials, it was found that they were inclined to be unsteady at speed and the locomotive design was therefore modified to a 2-6-4 wheel arrangement by replacing the trailing carrier wheels with a two-axle bogie. Another four locomotives incorporating this modification were ordered later in 1901 and delivered in 1902, the first tender locomotives in the world to be built with this wheel arrangement. The change in design resulted in a marked improvement in the locomotive's stability at speed and the first four locomotives were therefore also modified accordingly. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the SAR, these eight locomotives were all designated Class 6Z.[1][2][3][5][7]

CGR Type A 2-6-4T

In 1902, the CGR placed two

Port Elizabeth through the Langkloof. They were built by Manning Wardle and, at a width of 7 feet 9 inches (2.362 metres), they were the widest locomotives to see service on any of the 2 feet (610 millimetres) narrow gauge lines in South Africa.[5]

United Kingdom

The first British examples of the 2-6-4T wheel arrangement were two locomotives built for the narrow-gauge

standard gauge examples were the class 1B of the Great Central Railway, built in 1914.[8]

W class
freight locomotives of 1930.

BR Standard Class 4 2-6-4T No. 80136

Between 1927 and 1947, the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) built nearly five hundred 2-6-4Ts for suburban passenger work to four similar designs (see LMS/BR Class 4 2-6-4T locomotives). The last of these, the LMS Fairburn, continued to be built by British Railways (BR) until 1951. Fairburn's LMS design also formed the basis of the very successful BR Standard Class 4, which continued to be produced until 1957.

Preserved NCC WT class no. 4

Between 1946 and 1950, George Ivatt of the LMS also built eighteen 5 ft 3 in (1,600 mm) examples of a very similar design at Derby Works, for use in Northern Ireland. These later became the Northern Counties Committee WT class.

A prototype of the London and North Eastern Railway (LNER) L1 class, designed by Edward Thompson, was built in 1945. The remaining 99 members of the class were built under British Railways administration during the period from 1948 to 1950.

United States

The Reading Company used 2-6-4T Adriatics for commuter service.

Model railroading

The Lionel Corporation used the 2-6-4 wheel arrangement in many of its model steam locomotives, including the 2037 used in the infamous Girls' Train.[9]

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to 2-6-4 locomotives.
  1. ^
    ISBN 0715386387
    .
  2. ^ a b Neilson, Reid works list, compiled by Austrian locomotive historian Bernhard Schmeiser
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8
    .
  5. ^
    ISBN 0869772112
    .
  6. ISBN 0-908876-99-8
    .
  7. ^ a b Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 7, 11, 13, 19 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)
  8. ISBN 0-7110-1151-6
    . DX/0582.
  9. ^ Tandem Associates - Lionel Locomotives
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