2-6-6-0
Sachsische Maschinenfabrik |
First known tender engine version | |
---|---|
First use | 1909 |
Country | Colony of Natal |
Locomotive | NGR 2-6-6-0, SAR Class MA |
Railway | Natal Government Railways |
Designer | American Locomotive Company |
Builder | American Locomotive Company |
Under the Whyte notation for the classification of steam locomotives by wheel arrangement, 2-6-6-0 is a locomotive with one pair of unpowered leading wheels, followed by two sets of three pairs of powered driving wheels and no trailing wheels. The wheel arrangement was principally used on Mallet-type articulated locomotives. Some tank locomotive examples were also built, for which various suffixes to indicate the type of tank would be added to the wheel arrangement, for example 2-6-6-0T for an engine with side-tanks.
Overview
The 2-6-6-0 wheel arrangement was most often used for articulated compound steam Mallet locomotives. In a compound Mallet, the rear set of coupled wheels are driven by the smaller high pressure cylinders, from which spent steam is then fed to the larger low pressure cylinders that drive the front set of coupled wheels.[1][2][3]
Usage
Indonesia
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Java_State_Railways_2-6%2B6-0_steam_locomotive_Nr._360_%28Schwartzkopff_Locomotive_Works%2C_Berlin_4134_1907%29.jpg/220px-Java_State_Railways_2-6%2B6-0_steam_locomotive_Nr._360_%28Schwartzkopff_Locomotive_Works%2C_Berlin_4134_1907%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/HUA-172047-Afbeelding_van_de_fabrieksnieuwe_stoomlocomotief_nr_367_367_376_van_de_Staatsspoorwegen_in_Nederlands_Indi%C3%AB_bij_Werkspoor_te_Amsterdam.jpg/220px-HUA-172047-Afbeelding_van_de_fabrieksnieuwe_stoomlocomotief_nr_367_367_376_van_de_Staatsspoorwegen_in_Nederlands_Indi%C3%AB_bij_Werkspoor_te_Amsterdam.jpg)
The Java
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/SBB_Historic_-_025_-_1-C_C_G%C3%BCterzugslokomotive_der_Niederl%C3%A4ndisch-Indischen_Staatsbahnen_auf_Java.tif/lossy-page1-220px-SBB_Historic_-_025_-_1-C_C_G%C3%BCterzugslokomotive_der_Niederl%C3%A4ndisch-Indischen_Staatsbahnen_auf_Java.tif.jpg)
In 1927–1928, the Java Staatsspoorwegen imported 16 2-6-6-0 Mallet locomotives from the Swiss Locomotive and Machine Works and 14 from Werkspoor, N.V. for the mountain lines in West Java.[7] These were a compact version of the Bull Moose 2-8-8-0 SS Class 1250 (DKA DD52). They worked on Cibatu–Garut–Cikajang and Purwakarta–Padalarang lines. The experience gained by the JSS modifying earlier Mallets helped them design these locomotives to use standard parts that could be exchanged with other SS locomotives. These locomotives also known as De Bergkoningin or The Queen of the Mountain. They were known as Si Gombar by locals due to the ability on the mountain lines and its huge size. The Class 1600 proved more powerful than other SS locomotives, and able to haul trains weighing 1,300 tons at a speed of 55 kilometres per hour (34 mph), and being able to negotiate tight curves. These locomotives were used throughout Java.[4] During the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies in 1942, all of JSS locomotives were renumbered based on the Japanese numberings. The Class 1600s were renumbered CC50. This numbering system remained in use after the Independence of Indonesia by Djawatan Kereta Api (DKA) - the Department of Railways of the Republic of Indonesia until the era of Perusahaan Jawatan Kereta Api (PJKA) or Indonesian Railway Bureau Company. By 1971, these locomotives were located at Cibatu, Banjar, Purwakarta, Purwokerto, Ambarawa, Madiun and Sidotopo (Surabaya) locomotive depots.[8]
Preservation
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/DKA_CC50_%2850_29_D%29.jpg/220px-DKA_CC50_%2850_29_D%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Oude_Mallet_stoomlocomotief_Indonesische_Staatsspoorwegen_aangeb_Spoorwegmuseu%2C_Bestanddeelnr_931-6013.jpg/220px-Oude_Mallet_stoomlocomotief_Indonesische_Staatsspoorwegen_aangeb_Spoorwegmuseu%2C_Bestanddeelnr_931-6013.jpg)
The steam era in Indonesia ended in the early 1980s. The remaining locomotives were dumped in station sheds. The last CC50 retired in 1984 after the closure of Cibatu-Garut line.
In 1981, CC5022 from Purwokerto depot was donated by PJKA to the Railway Museum (Netherlands), as a symbol of friendship between Indonesia and the Netherlands. This locomotive was returned to its original colonial number 1622. In 2023, only three CC50s remain: 01 and 22 built by Werkspoor and SLM 29. CC5001 is preserved at the Transportation Museum of Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, CC5022 at Netherlands Railway Museum and CC5029 at Ambarawa Railway Museum.
New Zealand
The sole NZR E class locomotive of 1906 was the only 2-6-6-0T locomotive ever built for and used by the New Zealand Railways Department. It was built at the Petone Workshops in Wellington and was designed for use on the world famous Rimutaka Incline. Numbered 66, making it E 66, it spent the first part of its working life in the Wellington region hauling trains up and down the Rimutaka Incline. It was eventually transferred to the Wellington-Johnsonville section for banking duties, even though it was not designed for that type of work. In 1917, E 66 was withdrawn from service and scrapped. It did not survive long enough for preservation.[9]
South Africa
The South African Railways (SAR) operated 57 Mallet locomotives with this wheel arrangement, spread over six classes, all of them 3 ft 6 in (1,067 mm)
- In 1909, the Natal Government Railways (NGR) placed a single experimental 2-6-6-0 Mallet articulated compound steam locomotive in service. Built by the American Locomotive Company (ALCO), this was the first Mallet type compound steam locomotive to enter service in South Africa. The locomotive had Walschaerts valve gear, a bar frame and used saturated steam. At the time it was the most powerful locomotive in the country. In 1912, when it was assimilated into the SAR, it was designated Class MA.[2][3][10][11]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/SAR_Class_MB_1602_%282-6-6-0%29_NGR_337.jpg/220px-SAR_Class_MB_1602_%282-6-6-0%29_NGR_337.jpg)
- In 1910, following on the satisfactory performance of the experimental Mallet, the NGR placed five more in service, also built by ALCO. These five differed little from the previous Mallet, basically only in respect of larger boilers which made them slightly heavier and tenders with a larger coal capacity. In 1912, when they were assimilated into the SAR, they were designated Class MB.[3][10][11]
- In 1912, the SAR placed ten Class MC Mallets in service. Built by the North British Locomotive Company (NBL), these also had Walschaerts valve gear and used saturated steam. Their Type TM tenders were the same as those of the SAR's Class 3 4-8-2, but they differed little from the previous Mallets in size, power and performance. Two of them were equipped with superheaters at a later date, but no others were modified in this manner.[3][10][11][12]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/Class_MC1_%282-6-6-0%29.jpg/220px-Class_MC1_%282-6-6-0%29.jpg)
- In 1914, the SAR placed fifteen Class MC1 Mallets in service. Ordered from NBL in 1913, they were an improved version of the Class MC with a redesigned boiler which included a superheater, and with 0.5 inches (12.7 millimetres) larger diameter low pressure and high pressure cylinders. The result was a much better performing locomotive with an increased tractive effort.[3][10][12]
- Between 1914 and 1921, the SAR placed eighteen First World War, only two could be delivered from Germany in 1914. The order for the remaining eight was then transferred to NBL, who delivered them in 1917. After the cessation of hostilities, Maffei requested that the already built balance of the original order also be accepted. These eight locomotives were delivered in 1921.[3][10][12][13][14][15]
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/SAR_Class_MJ1_1673_%282-6-6-0%29.jpg/220px-SAR_Class_MJ1_1673_%282-6-6-0%29.jpg)
- In 1918, the SAR placed eight Class MJ1 Mallets in branchline service. Because of the disruption of British and German locomotive builders during the First World War, they were ordered from Montreal Locomotive Works (MLW) in Canada. The locomotive design was by MLW, based on the specifications for the Class MJ Mallet. Like the Class MJ, they were superheated, with Walschaerts valve gear and Belpaire fireboxes, but with slightly larger boilers and with the sandbox mounted on the boiler in North American style. The Class MJ1 was the last Mallet type to be placed in service by the SAR and all its subsequent new articulated locomotives were to be Garratts and Modified Fairlies.[3][10][13][16]
United States
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Virginian_Ry_Class_AA_2-6-6-0_Mallet.png/220px-Virginian_Ry_Class_AA_2-6-6-0_Mallet.png)
At least two American railroads used 2-6-6-0 Mallet locomotives. One was the
Another was the Virginian Railway, whose Class AA 2-6-6-0 is depicted.
References
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png)
- ^ Compounding Steam Engines
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7153-5382-0.
- ^ ISBN 0869772112.
- ^ ISBN 978-602-0818-55-9.
- ISBN 978-90-6013-933-2.
- ISBN 978-90-201-1520-8.
- ISBN 978-90-6013-933-2.
- ISBN 978-0-9503469-0-8.
- ^ E. J. McClare, Steam Locomotives of New Zealand, Part Two: 1900 to 1930 (Wellington: New Zealand Railway and Locomotive Society, 1988), 95.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7153-5427-8.
- ^ a b c Classification of S.A.R. Engines with Renumbering Lists, issued by the Chief Mechanical Engineer's Office, Pretoria, January 1912, pp. 9, 12, 15, 46 (Reprinted in April 1987 by SATS Museum, R.3125-6/9/11-1000)
- ^ a b c North British Locomotive Company works list, compiled by Austrian locomotive historian Bernhard Schmeiser
- ^ a b South African Railways and Harbours Locomotive Diagram Book, 2'0" & 3'6" Gauge Steam Locomotives, 15 August 1941, as amended
- ^ Hendrie (10 December 1921). "Engine Power on the S.A.R." South African Mining and Engineering Journal. XXXII (1576): 529.
- ^ North British Locomotive Co. works list (from J. Lambert)
- ISBN 0715386387.