0-4-2

0-4-2

Front of locomotive at left

The Stephenson 0-4-2, 1834

Equivalent classifications UIC class B1, B1’ French class 021 Turkish class 23 Swiss class 2/3 Russian class 0-2-1

First known tank engine version First use c. 1860s Country United Kingdom

First known tender engine version First use 1834 Country United Kingdom Railway Stanhope and Tyne Railway Designer Robert Stephenson Builder Robert Stephenson and Company Benefits Better adhesion than the 2-2-2

Under the

The earliest recorded 0-4-2 locomotives were three goods engines built by Robert Stephenson and Company for the Stanhope and Tyne Railway in 1834.^[1]

The first locomotive built in Germany in 1838, the Saxonia, was also an 0-4-2. In the same year Todd, Kitson & Laird built two examples for the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, one of which, LMR 57 Lion, has been preserved. The Lion had a top speed of 45 miles per hour (72 kilometres per hour) and could pull up to 200 long tons (203 metric tons; 224 short tons).^[2]

Over the next quarter of a century, the type was adopted by many early British railways for freight haulage since it afforded greater adhesion than the contemporary

Usage

Austria

The Emperor Ferdinand Northern Railway (Kaiser Ferdinands-Nordbahn) acquired the locomotives Minotaurus and Ajax from the British manufacturer Jones, Turner and Evans in 1841, to work the line between Vienna and Stockerau. The locomotive Ajax has been preserved at the Vienna Technical Museum since 1992 and is described as the oldest preserved steam locomotive on the European continent.^[3]

Finland

In Finland, the 0-4-2 wheel arrangement was represented by the Classes B1 and B2.

The Finnish Steam Locomotive Class B1 is an 0-4-2ST locomotive, built from 1868 to 1890 by Beyer, Peacock and Company at Gorton Foundry in Manchester, England.

Hawaii

Although the type was not used by any major railroads in North America,

In 1905, the Nederlandsch Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NIS) opened a line between Yogyakarta and Ambarawa via Magelang to facilitate the mobilization of Royal Dutch East Indies Army (KNIL) forces from Fort Willem I, line between Secang–Kedungjati passed a hilly region which requiring rack railway because of the 6.5% gradients. So, the NIS ordered 5 units of 0-4-2RTs wood burning NIS Class 230s that were came in 1902 and 1906 from Maschinenfabrik Esslingen, Germany.^[6] They were four-cylinder compound locomotives with two of the cylinders working the pinion wheels.

During Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies in 1942, all of Dutch East Indies railways locomotives had been renumbered, for all NIS Class 230s were changed to B25, from five of them only three left. There are two examples of B25 class locomotive still in operation, namely B25-02 and B25-03. Both were based in Ambarawa, where they have served for more than a hundred years. Locomotive B25-01 may also still be found as static display at the entrance to the Ambarawa Railway Museum.

On the island of Sumatra, there are some larger cousins of this class being used for hauling coal trains, namely the D18 and E10 classes.

New Zealand

The 0-4-2T arrangement was used by two classes of locomotives operated by the New Zealand Railways Department. The first was the C class of 1873, originally built as an 0-4-0T. The class was found to be unstable at speeds higher than 15 mph (24 km/h), so by 1880 all members of the class had been converted to 0-4-2T to rectify this problem.

The second and more notable 0-4-2T class, and the only one actually built as 0-4-2T, was the unique

In September 1859, Messrs. E. & J. Pickering, contractors to the Cape Town Railway & Dock Company for the construction of the Cape Town-Wellington Railway, imported a small

• The earlier class of twenty-four 19 Tonner locomotives, built by Maschinenfabriek Esslingen and Machinefabriek Breda v/h Backer & Rueb, were delivered between 1890 and 1892. Between 1906 and 1909, while in Central South African Railways (CSAR) service, ten of them were converted to rail motor engines for use on suburban services. In 1912, these locomotives were taken onto the South African Railways (SAR) roster as obsolete unclassified locomotives.^[9][10]
• The later class of four 32 Tonner rack locomotives, built by Esslingen in 1894 and 1897, was equipped with pinions for use on the rack railway section between Waterval Onder and Waterval Boven in the eastern Transvaal. They survived through the Imperial Military Railways (IMR) and CSAR eras and, even though the rack section was removed in 1908, they were still in service in 1912 when they were taken onto the SAR roster as obsolete unclassified locomotives.^[9][10]

Narrow gauges

Between 1897 and 1901, several 0-4-2 saddle tank steam locomotives, built for 600 mm (1 ft 11+5⁄8 in) narrow gauge by

In 1904, a single 2 ft 6 in (762 mm) gauge 0-4-2

In 1905, the Cape Copper Company also placed a single 0-4-2

From the mid-1860s onwards, the 0-4-2 wheel arrangement tended only to be used on tank engines in the United Kingdom. Exceptions were in Scotland on the Caledonian and Glasgow and South Western railways and in southern England on the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR) and the London and South Western Railway. The LB&SCR uniquely built express passenger 0-4-2 tender classes until 1891.

From 1868, the Great Western Railway built a number of

William Stroudley of the LB&SCR built four very successful 0-4-2 classes, three tenders and one tank, between 1873 and 1891. The first of these was his powerful D-tank for suburban passenger work. By 1887, 125 of these had been built, some of which survived in service until 1951. However, the most famous 0-4-2 class were his Gladstone class express passenger locomotives, the first of which has been preserved.

United States

The Casper for South Fork and Eastern railroad used an locomotive number two "Daisey" an 1885 Baldwin 0-4-2