2006 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
2006 North Indian Ocean cyclone season | |
---|---|
Seasonal boundaries | |
First system formed | January 13, 2006 |
Last system dissipated | October 30, 2006 (Officially) December 7, 2006 (Unofficially) |
Strongest storm | |
Name | Mala |
• Maximum winds | 185 km/h (115 mph) (3-minute sustained) |
• Lowest pressure | 954 hPa (mbar) |
Seasonal statistics | |
Depressions | 12, 1 unofficial |
Deep depressions | 6, 1 unofficial |
Cyclonic storms | 3 |
Severe cyclonic storms | 2 |
Very severe cyclonic storms | 1 |
Extremely severe cyclonic storms | 1 |
Total fatalities | 623 total |
Total damage | At least $6.7 million (2006 USD) |
Related articles | |
The 2006 North Indian Ocean cyclone season had no bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with peaks in May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean.
The scope of this basin is north of the Equator and west of the Malay Peninsula. The IMD and JTWC monitor this basin. This basin is divided in two seas by India, the Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea, abbreviated BOB and ARB, respectively.
Although an inactive year, 2006 had more of note than previous years like 2005 or 2004.
Season summary
Overall activity across the North Indian Ocean during 2006 was slightly below-average, with 12 depressions, 3 cyclonic storms, and 1 very severe cyclonic storm. An average season, according to the IMD, consists of 15 depressions and 5–6 cyclonic storms.[1] In addition to the storms monitored by the IMD, the JTWC also tracked the remnants of Typhoon Durian across the Malay Peninsula into the Andaman Sea as a tropical depression in early December.[2] The majority of storms formed within the Bay of Bengal, with only two existing in the Arabian Sea. Activity peaked during the summer due to an active southwest monsoon.[1][3]
Starting in May, the seasonal
During periods of cyclonic activity, rainfall associated with the monsoon was above-average as a whole. Departures from average reached 13.8%, 26.2%, 28.1%, 9.8%, and 11.5% for the periods of July 5–12 (BOB 02), August 2–9 (BOB 03), August 9–16 (BOB 04), September 20–27 (Land 01 and Mukda), and September 27–October 5 (BOB 08), respectively.[1][3] In contrast to the notable activity of the monsoon in respect to tropical cyclone formation, rainfall from the monsoon across India was predominantly below-average due to poor distribution of rain. Of the four broadly defined regions of India used by the IMD, only Central India experienced above-average rainfall, possibly due to the multiple cyclones that passed through the region. This area received an average of 1,152.2 mm (45.36 in) of rain between June and September, while the average is 993.9 mm (39.13 in). In addition, five sub-divisions (the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Meghalaya, west Uttar Pradesh, and Haryana) experienced drought conditions.[3]
Systems
Deep Depression ARB 01
Deep depression (IMD) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | January 13 – January 14 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (3-min); 1004 hPa (mbar) |
The first system of the year was the seventh storm to form in the northern Indian Ocean since September 2005, and a rare January system. It originated from an area of
Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm Mala
Extremely severe cyclonic storm (IMD) | |
Category 4 tropical cyclone (SSHWS) | |
Duration | April 25 – April 29 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 185 km/h (115 mph) (3-min); 954 hPa (mbar) |
In mid-April, an area of disturbed weather formed over the southern
In contrast to Mala's intensity, damage was relatively minimal across Myanmar due to adequate early warnings, while timely and effective evacuations minimized loss of life along the coast.
Deep Depression BOB 02
Deep depression (IMD) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | July 2 – July 5 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 55 km/h (35 mph) (3-min); 982 hPa (mbar) |
In late June, an area of disturbed weather persisted over the northern Bay of Bengal, unusually far south for a monsoonal system for this time of year. Convergence from the monsoon enhanced convection to the southwest of a developing low-pressure area; however, strong wind shear was expected to prevent
Owing to the cyclone's monsoonal nature, it produced heavy rains across a large swath of India and encompassed both coastlines. The heaviest rains fell in Odisha and Gujarat, with many areas receiving over 300 mm (12 in). A two-day total of 630 mm (25 in) was measured in the Nabarangpur district and many nearby areas reported over 500 mm (20 in). Ahwa, Gujarat, recorded the greatest single-day total of 390 mm (15 in), and received at least 540 mm (21 in) during the entire event. The hardest hit areas were Odisha and Vidarbha, where 36 and 41 people were killed, respectively.[21] At least five of the deaths were from fishermen who drowned offshore while the others resulted from landslides or building collapses.[22] In the nearby states, Andhra Pradesh, Jharkhand, Karnataka, a further 30 people were killed collectively from flooding and mudslides. The normally slow-moving Saglana River burst its banks in Bhavnagar, Gujarat, and left most of the city submerged. Several homes collapsed and power supply became erratic. At least two people lost their lives in the city.[23] A further 24 people were killed in the Navsari district after two rivers flooded surrounding areas.[24]
Depression BOB 07
Depression (IMD) | |
Duration | September 3 – September 4 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min); 992 hPa (mbar) |
A low-pressure area formed over northwest Bay of Bengal on 2 September. It concentrated into a depression the next day and crossed the north Orissa coast near Chandbali in the early morning of 4 September. Govindpur in Orissa recorded 150 mm of rainfall on 4 September.[25]
Land Depression 01
Depression (IMD) | |
Duration | September 21 – September 24 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min); 996 hPa (mbar) |
The
Severe Cyclonic Storm Mukda
Severe cyclonic storm (IMD) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 21 – September 24 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 100 km/h (65 mph) (3-min); 988 hPa (mbar) |
An area of convection persisted west of India on September 18 within a broad trough. Low wind shear allowed for gradual organization as the system moved westward. The thunderstorms organized about an exposed circulation.[28] Early on September 21, the IMD classified it as a depression about 450 km (280 mi) southwest of Porbandar, Gujarat.[7] Around the same time, the JTWC began issuing warnings on the system as Tropical Cyclone 04A.[28] The system remained nearly stationary and quickly organized. By 12:00 UTC on September 22, the IMD had upgraded it to a severe cyclonic storm, giving it the name Mukda. Three hours later, the agency estimated peak 3 minute winds of 100 km/h (60 mph).[7] By that time, Mukda had developed an eye-feature in the center of the convection, although it failed to organize further.[28]
The storm initially drifted toward Gujarat, bringing isolated heavy rainfall along the coastline; Upleta received 170 mm (6.7 in) during the storm's passage. However, Mukda steadily weakened while remaining nearly stationary. Late on September 24, the system degenerated into a remnant low.[7] The remnants turned westward, maintaining a distinct circulation and occasionally redeveloping thunderstorms, but failing to reorganize.[28]
Depression BOB 08
Depression (IMD) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | September 28 – September 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 45 km/h (30 mph) (3-min); 1002 hPa (mbar) |
Tropical Cyclone 05B formed on September 28 approximately 250 nautical miles (460 km) south of
Cyclonic Storm Ogni
Cyclonic storm (IMD) | |
Tropical storm (SSHWS) | |
Duration | October 29 – October 30 |
---|---|
Peak intensity | 65 km/h (40 mph) (3-min); 998 hPa (mbar) |
On October 27, an area of convection formed west of Sri Lanka, spawning a circulation in the Palk Strait on the next day.[30] With low to moderate wind shear, the system's convection organized and developed outflow.[30] Early on October 29, a depression developed just east of India's southeast coast. It quickly intensified while moving parallel to the coastline, becoming Cyclonic Storm Ogni later that day with peak 3 minute winds of 65 km/h (40 mph).[7] Conditions favored development, with the exception of proximity to land. The JTWC issued a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert on October 29, and although at the time they did not classify the system,[30] the agency upgraded the system to Tropical Cyclone 06B in post-season analysis, estimating winds of 100 km/h (60 mph).[31] The convection organized around the center,[30] and developed banding features, although Ogni weakened slightly to deep depression status on October 30. Soon after, it moved ashore Andhra Pradesh between Bapatla and Ongole. Later that day, Ogni degenerated into a remnant low.[7]
A small system only 100 km (60 mi) in diameter,[7] Ogni was the smallest storm on record in the basin from 1891 to 2007.[32] The storm dropped heavy rainfall in southeastern India, peaking at 770 mm (30 in) in Avanigadda, Andhra Pradesh. About 900 villages were flooded in the state, with around 100,000 houses damaged or destroyed.[7] Thousands of residents rode out floods on the roofs of their houses[33] and 95,928 people had to evacuate to hundreds of emergency camps. The storm also disrupted power supplies and cut off roads.[34] Ogni's rainfall damaged 199,986 acres (80,931 ha) of crop fields and killed 361,553 farm animals. Throughout Andhra Pradesh, Ogni killed 24 people,[7] mostly on rice or shrimp farms.[33] Damage totaled ₹2.1 billion (INR, US$47 million).[7]
Other systems
During August 2006, a series of depressions formed in the Bay of Bengal,[7] despite August typically being a climatologically quiet month.
The first originated out of an area of convection that persisted on August 1. A circulation exited from land into the northern portion of the bay, and despite high wind shear it developed into a depression on August 2 just 100 km (65 mi) offshore Chandabali.[35] The system moved west-southwestward and quickly intensified into a deep depression, reaching winds of 55 km/h (35 mph) according to the IMD. Early on August 3, the system moved ashore Odisha between Puri and Gopalpur. It progressed inland and weakened, degenerating into a remnant low-pressure area on August 5.[7]
About a week later, a low-pressure area formed on August 11 in the northern Bay of Bengal. By the next day, it organized into a depression, and quickly made landfall on Odisha near Balasore. The depression degenerated into a remnant low on August 13.[7]
Another depression developed on August 16 in the same region, moving ashore later that day near Chandabali. It moved northwestward due to a ridge to the north, weakening into a remnant low on August 18 over Madhya Pradesh.[7]
On August 29, the final of the four depressions formed near the Odisha coast, quickly moving ashore near Paradip. Like the preceding storm, it moved northwestward, dissipating on September 1 over Madhya Pradesh.[7]
The series of depressions produced heavy rainfall in Odisha and Andhra Pradesh. Notably high daily rainfall totals included 320 mm (13 in) on August 4 in
On December 6, the JTWC tracked the remnants of Typhoon Durian across Thailand into the Andaman Sea as a tropical depression. The system degenerated into a remnant low on the next day and continued across the Bay of Bengal, dissipating on December 9.[36] The IMD did not track the system.[7]
Season effects
This is a table of all storms in the 2006 North Indian Ocean cyclone season. It mentions all of the season's storms and their names, durations, peak intensities (according to the IMD storm scale), landfall(s) – denoted by areas in parentheses – damages, and death totals. Damage and death totals include the damage and deaths caused when that storm was a precursor wave or extratropical low, and all of the damage figures are in 2006 USD.
Name | Dates | Peak intensity | Areas affected | Damage (USD) |
Deaths | Refs | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Category | Wind speed | Pressure | ||||||
ARB 01 | January 13–14 | Deep Depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 1,004 hPa (29.65 inHg) | Kerala, Lakshadweep | None | 0 | |
Mala | April 25–29 | Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 954 hPa (28.17 inHg) | Andaman Islands, Myanmar (Rakhine State), Northern Thailand | $6.7 million | 37 | |
BOB 02 | July 2–5 | Deep Depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 982 hPa (29.00 inHg) | East India (Odisha) | Unknown | 133 | |
BOB 03 | August 2–5 | Deep Depression | 55 km/h (35 mph) | 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) | East India (Odisha) | Unknown | 251 | |
BOB 04 | August 12–13 | Depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | East India (Odisha) | Unknown | 78 | |
BOB 05 | August 16–18 | Depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | East India (Odisha) | Unknown | 49 | |
BOB 06 | August 29 – September 1 | Depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) | East India (Odisha) | Unknown | 9 | |
BOB 07 | September 3–4 | Depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) | East India (Odisha) | Unknown | 0 | |
Land 01 | September 21–24 | Depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 996 hPa (29.41 inHg) | East India, Bangladesh | Unknown | 98 | |
Mukda | September 21–24 | Severe Cyclonic Storm | 100 km/h (60 mph) | 988 hPa (29.18 inHg) | Gujarat | Unknown | 0 | |
BOB 08 | September 28–30 | Depression | 45 km/h (30 mph) | 1,002 hPa (29.59 inHg) | East India (Odisha) | Unknown | 0 | |
Ogni | October 29–30 | Cyclonic Storm | 65 km/h (40 mph) | 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) | South India (Andhra Pradesh), Sri Lanka | $353 million | 35 | [37][38][39] |
Season aggregates | ||||||||
13 systems | January 13 – December 7 | 185 km/h (115 mph) | 954 hPa (28.17 inHg) | >$360 million | 690 |
See also
- North Indian Ocean tropical cyclone
- Tropical cyclones in 2006
- 2006 Atlantic hurricane season
- 2006 Pacific hurricane season
- 2006 Pacific typhoon season
- South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 2005–06, 2006–07
- Australian region cyclone seasons: 2005–06, 2006–07
- South Pacific cyclone seasons: 2005–06, 2006–07
References
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- ^ "Super Typhoon 24W (Durian) Best Track". Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 2007. Archived from the original (.TXT) on October 17, 2014. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
- ^ a b c d "Southwest Monsoon 2006 End-of-Season Report". India Meteorological Department. 2006. Archived from the original on July 11, 2010. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
- ^ "Half a million homeless in India floods, Mumbai hit". ReliefWeb. Reuters. August 6, 2006. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
- ^ "One million made homeless by floods in India – Concern responds". Concern Worldwide. ReliefWeb. September 6, 2006. Retrieved May 18, 2014.
- ^ a b c Gary Padgett (2006). "Monthly Tropical Weather Summary for January 2006". Retrieved 2015-07-23.
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- ^ a b Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). 2006 Missing (2006012N03081). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2015-07-23.
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- ^ "Cyclone Mala kills two in Burma". The Nation. Yangon, Myanmar. Associated Press. May 1, 2006. p. 4A. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
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- ^ Ministry of Social Welfare, Relief and Resettlement and the Ministry of Education (2008). "Natural Disasters in Myanmar". Guidance on Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction in the Education Sector, Myanmar – Rural Settings (PDF). Myanmar Information Management Unit. p. 16. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
- ^ Tint Zaw and Mu Mu Than (March 2010). "Climate Change Impacts to the Water Environment and Adaptation Options" (PDF). Union of Myanmar Ministry of Agriculture and Irrigation. Water Environment Partnership in Asia. p. 9. Retrieved May 7, 2014.
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- ^ "Myanmar: Commander, Minister donate relief supplies to cyclone victims in Ayeyawady Division". Government of Myanmar. ReliefWeb. May 1, 2006. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
- ^ "Myanmar: Relief provided to cyclone victims". Government of Myanmar. ReliefWeb. May 3, 2006. Retrieved May 6, 2014.
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- ^ "Indian rains take heavy toll". Bombay, India. United Press International. July 6, 2006. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
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- ^ "Rains Claim 24 More Lives In India, Nationwide Toll Rises To 274". Qatar News Agency. Doha, Qatar. July 6, 2006. – via Lexis Nexis (subscription required)
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-12. Retrieved 2013-12-15.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Final Report" (PDF). www.wmo.ch. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 27, 2009.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-04-12. Retrieved 2013-12-15.
{{cite web}}
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- ^ "35 killed in AP cyclone Ogni". CNN IBN. Associated Press. November 6, 2006. Archived from the original on May 19, 2014. Retrieved May 19, 2014.