2020 Easter tornado outbreak
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Duration | 37 hours, 24 minutes |
Tornado outbreak | |
Tornadoes | 141 |
Maximum rating | EF4 tornado |
Highest winds | 190 mph (310 km/h) near Bassfield, Mississippi (EF4 on April 12)[1] |
Extratropical cyclone | |
Highest winds | 110 mph (180 km/h) at Wallace, South Carolina, on April 13 (non-tornadic)[2] |
Largest hail | 4 in (10 cm) in diameter – Del Rio and Brackettville, Texas, on April 11[3] |
Winter storm | |
Maximum snowfall or ice accretion | 24 inches (61 cm)[4] |
Flood | |
Maximum rainfall | 6 inches (150 mm)[5] |
Overall effects | |
Casualties | 32 fatalities (+6 non-tornadic), 257 injuries |
Damage | $3 billion (2020 USD)[6] |
Areas affected | Southeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic |
Power outages | 1.44 million customers at one time; over 4.3 million in total |
Part of the tornado outbreaks of 2020 |
A widespread and deadly
Throughout the two-day outbreak, a total of 141 tornadoes touched down across 10 states, inflicting widespread and locally catastrophic damage. The outbreak ranks 4th for producing the most tornadoes in a 24-hour period, with 132 tornadoes occurring between 14:40 UTC April 12–13; that tally is surpassed only by the Tornado outbreak of March 31 – April 1, 2023 with 134, the 1974 Super Outbreak with 148 and the 2011 Super Outbreak with 219. The strongest tornado of the outbreak occurred in Southern Mississippi, and was given a high-end EF4 damage rating after producing estimated winds of 190 mph (310 km/h), reaching a width of 2.25 mi (3.62 km), and causing eight deaths. With a total of 32 tornado-related fatalities, the Easter outbreak was the deadliest tornado outbreak since April 27–30, 2014. To assist with recovery efforts, governors of five states declared a state of emergency. Relief efforts were complicated by social distancing requirements amid the COVID-19 pandemic.
Meteorological synopsis
Background
For weeks throughout March and into April, an expansive area of high pressure built across the Southeast United States,[8] contributing to abnormally warm temperatures across much of the country. The United States as a whole experienced its seventeenth warmest March, continuing the pattern that persisted throughout winter. In particular, many locations along the U.S. and Mexican Gulf coasts saw record warmest temperatures for the month.[9] Calm weather associated with the high-pressure area induced rapid warming of the Gulf of Mexico waters to their highest values in the modern record—greater than 2 °C (3.6 °F) above the 1971–2010 average—as well as a moistening of the air near the surface.[8][10] Increased instability associated with anomalously warm and moist air from the Gulf of Mexico has been associated with an increased risk of severe weather and tornado activity.[11]
April 12
The first indications of organized severe weather came on April 8, when the
A weather balloon launch from Jackson, Mississippi, at 18:00 UTC revealed the presence of a capping inversion across the region. This cap was expected to weaken across central Mississippi,[22] while forecasters expressed more uncertainty about its longevity across southern Mississippi and Louisiana.[23] As a small area of low pressure progressed across northwestern Mississippi, it caused surface winds to turn out of the east-southeast, enhancing the potential for tornadoes. As a cluster of storms across central Mississippi progressed toward the northeast, it began to reintensify and develop embedded supercell characteristics with an attendant threat of strong tornadoes.[24] Farther south, two distinct supercells developed within an environment where long-tracked, significant tornadoes were favored, both exhibiting extremely strong rotation and distinct debris signatures.[25] Based on previous storm structures in similar environments, the SPC remarked that "this is an exceptionally rare event" and estimated tornadic winds of 170–205 mph (274–330 km/h) on the first supercell, consistent with a tornado of EF4 or EF5 intensity.[1][26][27] After conducting damage surveys, meteorologists identified two violent tornadoes with the first supercell, one that killed four people and injured three others near Sartinville to southwest of Bassfield, and a second that killed eight people and injured 95 others from south of Bassfield to Pachuta, both of EF4 intensity. A long-tracked EF3 tornado was identified with the second supercell that tracked behind the first one, producing significant damage near Oak Vale and Carson, injuring two people. The first supercell also produced two other tornadoes after the second EF4 tornado dissipated, including an EF2 tornado that passed near Stonewall and Enterprise that destroyed a mobile home and heavily damaged a home and a church, and snapped numerous trees. The second supercell also produced a tornado, which was rated EF1, as it passed Enterprise. Both supercells then weakened and merged with a squall line after that.[28]
Throughout the evening hours, the severe weather and tornado risk shifted eastward into Alabama, as the initial cluster of severe storms with numerous embedded semi-discrete supercells and comma-head circulation moved across north-central Alabama, contributing to multiple strong tornadoes. This included a damaging rain wrapped EF2 tornado that struck a residential area at the southwestern outskirts of
April 13
During the early-morning hours of April 13, the pre-frontal squall line shifted eastward into eastern Georgia and the Carolinas, with numerous well-organized embedded supercells forming within the line, producing numerous tornadoes across the region in an event known as the Central Savannah River outbreak.[34] An EF1 tornado passed through Cartersville, Georgia, killing one person when a tree fell on a house while causing two additional injuries elsewhere. An EF3 tornado that damaged or destroyed multiple homes was confirmed south of Thomaston to northwest of Redbone, Georgia, with one home being pushed off its foundation and into the middle of a road. The same circulation produced another EF3 tornado near Forsyth, injuring one person and damaging or destroying numerous structures and vehicles, including aircraft.[35] A third EF3 tornado from south-southeast of Westminster to west of Central, South Carolina in South Carolina killed one person and caused major damage in Seneca.[36] Yet another EF3 tornado tracked from east-northeast of Elko to west-southwest of St. Matthews in South Carolina and caused two more fatalities.[37] The most significant tornado to occur on April 13 was a multiple-vortex EF4 tornado that killed five people near the South Carolina towns of Estill and Nixville. This tornado was part of a tornado family that produced 12 tornadoes, including an EF1 tornado that killed one person in Walterboro. A total of eight separate EF3 tornadoes were confirmed across Georgia and South Carolina during this portion of the outbreak. Through the late morning hours of April 13, the line of intense thunderstorms continued eastward and intensified given marginal daytime heating, a steady stream of rich moisture, and intense low-level wind shear.[38] The SPC had already outlined an Enhanced risk of severe weather along the U.S. East Coast from southeastern Georgia northward into northern Virginia and damaging winds and tornadoes were reported until the storms moved offshore. Later, more severe storms formed over the Appalachian Mountains and moved into the Northeast megalopolis, where a Slight risk had been issued. These storms produced large swaths of damaging winds and two weak tornadoes throughout this area for the rest of day until the outbreak came to an end.[39]
Confirmed tornadoes
EFU | EF0 | EF1 | EF2 | EF3 | EF4 | EF5 | Total |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 32 | 74 | 19 | 13 | 3 | 0 | 141 |
Monroe, Louisiana
CDT (UTC−05:00 ) | |
Dissipated | April 12, 2020, 11:45 a.m. CDT (UTC−05:00) |
---|---|
Duration | 9 minutes |
EF3 tornado | |
on the Enhanced Fujita scale | |
Highest winds | 140 mph (230 km/h) |
Overall effects | |
Injuries | 0 |
Damage | $250 million (2020 USD) |
This first notable tornado of the outbreak was this strong rain-wrapped tornado that struck the
The tornado lasted for nine minutes, traveled 8.01 miles (12.89 km), and was given a rating of low-end EF3. Throughout Ouachita Parish, a total of 458 homes were impacted; 23 were destroyed, 108 had major damage, and 243 had minor damage. Losses totaled $250 million with the damage to the airport estimated at $25–30 million of that total. Despite the extensive damage, there were no casualties from the tornado.[42]
Hope–Sartinville–Bassfield, Mississippi
CDT (UTC−05:00 ) | |
Dissipated | April 12, 2020, 4:06 p.m. CDT (UTC−05:00) |
---|---|
Duration | 27 minutes |
EF4 tornado | |
on the Enhanced Fujita scale | |
Highest winds | 170 mph (270 km/h) |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 4 |
Injuries | 3 |
This large and violent wedge tornado touched down just southwest of the rural
This tornado was on the ground for 21.17 miles (34.07 km) and reached a peak width of 1,936 yards (1,770 m), killing four people and injuring at least three others. It was rated as a low-end EF4, with winds estimated at 170 mph (270 km/h).[28]
Bassfield–Seminary–Soso–Moss–Pachuta, Mississippi
CDT (UTC−05:00 ) | |
Dissipated | April 12, 2020, 5:28 p.m. CDT (UTC−05:00) |
---|---|
Duration | 1 hour, 16 minutes |
EF4 tornado | |
on the Enhanced Fujita scale | |
Highest winds | 190 mph (310 km/h) |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 8 |
Injuries | 99 |
Six minutes after the first EF4 tornado lifted far southwest of Bassfield, the same parent supercell thunderstorm produced another violent, long-tracked wedge tornado that touched down just south-southwest of the town in
The tornado then reached its peak strength as it tore through the rural community of Cantwell Mill, where a large, anchor-bolted cabin was completely swept away and reduced to a bare slab, with little debris recovered. While this structure was well-anchored, surveyors noted some minor structural defects including lack of external sheathing and flawed stud-to-sill plate nailing, while trees in the immediate vicinity sustained only partial debarking and no significant ground scouring occurred. It was also noted that a vehicle likely impacted the structure as the tornado struck. Due to these limiting factors, a high-end EF4 rating was applied as a result. A truck was lofted from this location and thrown 300 yards (270 m) into a field as well, leaving it mangled beyond recognition. Extreme EF4-level tree damage continued to the northeast, along Willie Fortenberry Road, Davis Road, and Kings Road as entire groves of large trees were mowed down and completely stripped clean of all bark, livestock was killed, and vehicles were thrown hundreds of yards and destroyed. A few homes farther away from the center of the path sustained EF2 to EF3 damage, with their roofs ripped off and exterior walls collapsed.[43]
The massive tornado continued to grow in size as it entered
The tornado then moved through the small town of Soso, damaging or destroying multiple homes, some churches, and the local fire department building. Numerous trees were snapped throughout town, and several mobile homes were destroyed. Most of the damage in Soso was rated EF3, though a small area of low-end EF4 damage occurred along MS 28, where a well-built concrete block convenience store was completely leveled.[28] The tornado weakened to EF2 intensity as it continued to the northeast of Soso, where more trees were downed, and numerous mobile homes were destroyed. Metal buildings were damaged, and outbuildings were destroyed as well. A house along Matthews Road had much of its roof torn off, and a nearby vehicle was rolled down a hill and badly mangled. After crossing MS 15 and entering Jasper County, the tornado intensified back to low-end EF4 intensity as it struck the community of Moss, where nearly every structure in town was damaged and numerous homes were destroyed. Several of these homes were flattened with only piles of rubble remaining, and one was left with only a single concrete closet standing. Half of the First Baptist Church was leveled, and a pickup truck was thrown hundreds of yards and completely destroyed. Continuing northeast of Moss, the tornado began to weaken, producing EF1 to EF2 damage. Several homes and mobile homes had metal roofing peeled back or decking exposed. Large swaths of trees were snapped for several miles, including some along I-59 between the Heidelberg and Vossburg exits. Barns and outbuildings were destroyed along this segment of the path, and some power poles were snapped. Northeast of Vossburg, the tornado weakened further, inflicting EF1 damage to trees and a mobile home. EF1 damage continued as the tornado crossed into Clarke County, where the tornadic circulation began to occlude as a new circulation produced an EF2 tornado to its east. This tornado then struck the town of Pachuta. Damage in Pachuta consisted of trees downed and minor roof damage. After causing some additional minor EF0 tree limb damage north-northeast of Pachuta, the tornado finally dissipated at County Road 320 at 5:28 p.m. CDT (22:28 UTC).[28][43]
The tornado was estimated by the NWS to have been 3,960 yards (3,620 m) or 2.25 miles (3.62 km) wide, making it the widest tornado in Mississippi state history, and the fourth-widest in recorded history, surpassing the May 4, 2007, EF3 tornado associated with the Greensburg tornado family and just behind the 2004 Hallam tornado, the 2016 Jiangsu tornado, and the 2013 El Reno tornado. A total of eight fatalities and at least 95 injuries occurred along the path.[46][47] The tornado was also long-tracked, with a path length of 67.43 mi (108.52 km). Damage was severe to the point the path of the tornado could be seen from satellite imagery.[48] The tornado was given a high-end EF4 rating with estimated winds of 190 mph (310 km/h).[28] Debris from the tornado was carried considerable distances, with a photo from a destroyed home in Moss being found 121 miles (195 km) away in Tuscaloosa, Alabama, while another one was lofted and carried 176 miles (283 km) from south of Collins, Mississippi to Randolph, Alabama.[49][50] The path of the tornado also mirrored that of a long-tracked F3 tornado that killed two and injured 19 on April 21, 1951.[51][52]
In 2023, tornado expert Thomas P. Grazulis published that this tornado was a "minimal EF4, based on tree damage...millions of trees were destroyed".[53] Grazulis also published that the width of the tornado was 2,000 yards (1,800 m; 1.1 mi; 1.8 km), not close to the National Weather Service width of 2.25 miles (3.62 km).[53]
Topeka–Oak Vale–Carson–Rose Hill, Mississippi
CDT (UTC−05:00 ) | |
Dissipated | April 12, 2020 6:07 p.m. CDT (UTC−05:00) |
---|---|
Duration | 1 hour 31 minutes |
EF3 tornado | |
on the Enhanced Fujita scale | |
Highest winds | 150 mph (240 km/h) |
Overall effects | |
Injuries | 2 |
Damage | $34.05 million[54] |
This strong, long-tracked wedge tornado was spawned by a supercell thunderstorm that tracked closely behind, and just north of the supercell that produced the previous two EF4 tornadoes. It first touched down along Price Road in
Crossing
Remaining on the ground for 84.1 miles (135.3 km), this was the longest-tracked tornado of the outbreak. It reached a peak width of 2,041 yards (1,866 m) (or 1.16 miles (1.87 km)), and resulted in at least two injuries, but no fatalities. It was rated mid-range EF3.[28]
Fashion–Sumac, Georgia
EDT (UTC−04:00 ) | |
Duration | 10 minutes |
---|---|
EF2 tornado | |
on the Enhanced Fujita scale | |
Highest winds | 130–135 mph (209–217 km/h) |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 8 |
Injuries | 24 |
Damage | $500,000 (2020 USD)[55] |
This large, strong tornado first touched down along Mitchell Bridge Road, just northwest of
The tornado was on the ground for 10 minutes, traveled 8.88 miles (14.29 km), had a maximum width of 860 yards (790 m), and was given a rating of high-end EF2. Eight people were killed by the tornado, including one person who died of his injuries the following month. A total of 24 other people were injured.[56][35][57] A tornado warning was not issued for the storm until the tornado had already been on the ground for eight minutes.[58]
Fort Oglethorpe, Georgia/Chattanooga–Ooltewah, Tennessee
EDT (UTC−04:00 ) | |
Duration | 18 minutes |
---|---|
EF3 tornado | |
on the Enhanced Fujita scale | |
Highest winds | 145 mph (233 km/h) |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 2 |
Injuries | 18 |
Damage | ≥$250,000 (2020 USD)[59] |
This intense tornado embedded within a strong
The tornado was on the ground for 18 minutes, traveled 18.37 miles (29.56 km), was 1,500 yards (1,400 m) wide, and was rated EF3.[60] Throughout the Chattanooga metropolitan area, 2,718 properties sustained damage, of which 254 were destroyed and 259 had major damage. Total damages were reported as reaching $225 million and two people were killed, while an additional 18 were injured.[33][61][62]
Retreat–Seneca–Clemson, South Carolina
EDT (UTC−04:00 ) | |
Duration | 15 minutes |
---|---|
EF3 tornado | |
on the Enhanced Fujita scale | |
Highest winds | 160 mph (260 km/h) |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 1 |
Injuries | 5 |
Damage | $100 million (2020 USD)[63] |
This high–end EF3 tornado initially touched down near Stonewall Drive to the south-southeast of
The tornado was on the ground for 15 minutes, traveled 16.71 miles (26.89 km), and reached a maximum width of 1,000 yards (910 m). There was one fatality and five injuries. Damages in Seneca alone were reported as being in excess of $100 million. This was the strongest tornado to strike Upstate South Carolina in over 25 years.[36]
Estill–Scotia–Nixville–Fechtig, South Carolina
EDT (UTC−04:00 ) | |
Duration | 27 minutes |
---|---|
EF4 tornado | |
on the Enhanced Fujita scale | |
Highest winds | 175 mph (282 km/h) |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 5 |
Injuries | 66[65] |
This large, violent multiple-vortex tornado first touched down in
The tornado was on the ground for 27 minutes, reached a maximum width of 0.74 miles (1.19 km), traveled 23.73 miles (38.19 km), and was rated EF4. The tornado killed five people in the hardest hit areas just south of Estill and in Nixville. A total of 65 others were injured, including several individuals that were thrown 30–50 yards (27–46 m) from mobile homes as well as in homes that received EF3-EF4 damage. This was the first F4 or EF4 in the state since 1995 and the first in the South Carolina Lowcountry on record. The National Weather Service Forecast Office in Charleston referred to it as an "unusually long track and wide tornado."[68] The tornado was associated with a tornado family that began in Screven County, Georgia and traveled northeast for over 150 miles (240 km) before shifting offshore in Georgetown County, South Carolina.[65]
Non-tornadic impacts
Flooding
Heavy rainfall across eastern Texas led to flash flooding and multiple road closures throughout many communities. Downed trees and powerlines caused additional road closures.
Farther north in Tennessee, a 33-year-old woman was swept away and drowned by rushing water at a bridge in Kimball.[33] Four bridges in total were damaged by the flooding, including three in South Pittsburg.[78] Nashville recorded a daily rainfall record of 2.23 in (57 mm).[79] Heavy rainfall fell throughout the Tennessee Valley in the wake of the wettest first three months of any year on record, causing the Chickamauga Dam and Watts Bar Lake to climb about 1.5 ft (0.46 m) above normal summertime pool levels.[80] Numerous roads were blocked in Rutherford, Williamson,[81] and Washington counties.[82] The McFarland Park in Florence was submerged as the Tennessee River spilled its banks.[83] Across Unicoi County, multiple roads were washed out. The rising waters prompted an evacuation order for the Temple Hill community.[84] High waters flowed through homes around Hampton and Valley Forge in Carter County.[85] The Beaver Creek in Bristol overflowed its banks, flooding intersections.[86] The Kingsport Fire Department rescued 21 people as the city was threatened by rising waters.[87] A total of 27 roads were closed throughout Sullivan County.[88] In northeastern Tennessee, flooding damaged two bridges in the Johnson City area. Some residents in the community of Sinking Creek were cut off as several low-level areas were inundated. In Carter County, the Gap Creek overflowed its banks and closed roadways.[89]
Wind damage
Widespread damaging winds rolled across North Carolina, leaving behind extensive damage. Approximately 200,000 people lost power state-wide.
Powerful winds associated with the parent storm system impacted much of the
Winter storm
Outside the warm sector of the broad system, an unseasonable snowstorm and gale-force winds affected regions from the northern Plains into the Midwestern United States. Sioux Falls, South Dakota, recorded 5.2 in (13 cm) on April 12, a daily record and the second snowiest Easter Sunday on record.[99] The Twin Cities recorded 5.1 in (13 cm) of snow, setting a new Easter Sunday record going back to 1891.[100] Accumulations totaling to nearly a foot across portions of southern Minnesota caused multiple spinouts and crashes, principally along I-35 south of the Twin Cities, I-90 between Albert Lea and Rochester, and US 52 between Rochester and the Twin Cities. Traffic, though, was lighter than usual given the stay-at-home order for the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.[101] State patrol reported 140 crashes, 126 vehicle that spun out, and six semi-trucks that jackknifed on slippery roads. Fourteen people were injured.[102] In Wisconsin, a band of 6–15 in (15–38 cm) accumulations fell north of a Marshfield to Wausaukee line.[103] Daily snowfall records were set in Rochester and Eau Claire.[104][105] Winds exceeding gale threshold backed up waters on the Fox and East rivers, causing minor flooding in Green Bay.[103] In Michigan, areas of the Upper Peninsula between Marquette and Munising recorded 18–24 in (46–61 cm) of snow.[4] Wave heights of 7.5–8.5 ft (2.3–2.6 m) were estimated on Lake Michigan.[106]
Aftermath and records
State | Fatalities | Ref. |
---|---|---|
Arkansas | 1 | [75] |
Georgia
|
8 | [107] |
Mississippi | 14 | [108] |
North Carolina | 1 | [91] |
South Carolina | 9 | [92] |
Tennessee | 4 | [33][109] |
Texas | 1 | [70] |
Total | 38 |
More than 1.44 million customers from Texas into Pennsylvania lost power at one time during the storm, and more than 4.3 million customers in total were impacted.[110] In the wake of the outbreak, recovery efforts were hampered by the ongoing pandemic and the American Red Cross resorted to readying hotel rooms, not mass shelters, for affected residents.[111] States of emergency were declared in Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama,[112] Georgia,[113] and South Carolina.[114] Southern Baptist disaster relief agencies established relief operations centered in Soso, Mississippi, and Chattanooga, Tennessee. Assisting members were provided personal protective equipment to reduce the risk of exposure to COVID-19.[115]
In heavy-hit Monroe, Louisiana, the National Guard was deployed to assist in debris removal.[116] Drax Biomass, headquartered in the city, donated $10,000 to tornado relief.[117] At emergency shelters, masks and gloves were provided to residents. The city sought to acquire 200 hotel rooms to house victims as a countermeasure to mass gatherings.[118]
Of Mississippi's 82 counties, 33 reported damage from the tornado and severe weather event. At least 1,200 homes and 75 businesses were damaged or destroyed and losses exceeded $10 million.
On April 14,
After what was the deadliest day for tornadoes in South Carolina since the March 1984 outbreak, the Red Cross sheltered 236 displaced residents in hotels.[127] Widespread damage in Seneca, prompted a curfew for the city.[128] A medium-security prison in Hampton County, South Carolina, was directly impacted by an EF4 tornado, with resultant damage so severe that occupying inmates were relocated to Pennsylvania. The state's governor, Henry McMaster, toured the damage on April 14.[66] By April 16, 600 people utilized housing and meals from the Red Cross.[129] Throughout Orangeburg County, 54 single-family homes, 27 mobile homes, and 10 businesses suffered damage from tornadoes; total losses reached $2.98 million.[130] Pickens County reported $1 million in damage.[131]
For the 24-hour period ending 12:00 UTC April 13, the National Weather Service issued 141 tornado warnings, the most in one day since the tornado outbreak of March 2–3, 2012.[132] 12 tornadoes were confirmed to have touched down in North Carolina, making it the sixth largest one-day outbreak on record in the state going back to 1950.[133] With 12 significant (EF2+) tornadoes recorded statewide—eight of which were rated at EF3 or stronger—the outbreak set records for the greatest number of EF2+ tornadoes registered in a single day in South Carolina. With nine fatalities, the outbreak was also the second deadliest on record in the state since 1950, behind only the outbreak of March 28, 1984.[134]
See also
- List of North American tornadoes and tornado outbreaks
- Tornado outbreak sequence of March 1913 – Another very deadly outbreak during Easter weekend in 1913
- 1994 Palm Sunday tornado outbreak – A similar deadly tornado outbreak in the same regions
- Tornado outbreak of April 23, 2000 – Another tornado outbreak that occurred on Easter Sunday in 2000
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- ^ Spann, James (April 14, 2020). "This picture has been identified. It was lofted by an EF-4 at Moss, Mississippi. Traveled 121 miles to Tuscaloosa County Alabama. One of those that lived in the home is in critical condition". @spann. Retrieved April 17, 2020.
- ^ Spann, James (April 14, 2020). "This photo was found by Michelle Gewalt at Randolph, AL. The bride in the picture is Heather Lail. It was at a family member's home in Collins, MS, hit by an EF-4 tornado Sunday. The pic was in a container in a shed that is no longer there; it was lofted and carried 176 miles". @spann. Retrieved April 20, 2020.
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- ^ a b "Chattanooga Tornado Damage Put At $225 Million; 2,718 Properties Suffered Damages From Easter Storm". The Chattanoogan. April 21, 2020. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
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- ^ Matthew Copeland (April 12, 2020). "NWS confirms EF-1 tornado in Harrison County, damage, flooding reported in several area across East Texas". KYTX. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
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- ^ a b "1 dead after tree falls on home in White Hall". KATV. April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
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- ^ Collins Parker (April 13, 2020). "Marion County reports one flooding fatality in the storms". WDEF-TV. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
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- ^ Dave Lessner (April 13, 2020). "Lake levels, river currents rise as Tennessee Valley receives a month's worth of rain in 18 hours". Chattanooga Free Press. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
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- ^ Preston Ayres (April 13, 2020). "Flooding Reported Monday Morning". WCYB-TV. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ "Flooding in Carter County". WCYB-TV. April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ "Overnight storms leave flooding and power outages in Bristol". WYCB-TV. April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ Slater Teague (April 13, 2020). "Kingsport Fire Department rescues 21 from community threatened by floodwaters". WJHL-TV. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ Kristen Gallant (April 13, 2020). "Flooding in Sullivan County closes more than two dozen roads". WJHL-TV. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ "Northeast Tennessee flooded overnight, several roads impassable". Johnson City Press. April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
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- ^ a b "Storms tear through US south, leaving at least 20 people dead". The Guardian. April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ a b Bristow Marchant (April 15, 2020). "On top of coronavirus, SC tornado damage now officially a 2nd emergency". The State. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ Adams, Lisa (April 13, 2020). "Presque Isle State Park Closed Over Wind and Flooding Worries". Erie News Now. Retrieved September 3, 2023.
- ^ National Weather Service Forecast Office in Mount Holly, New Jersey [@NWS_MountHolly] (April 14, 2020). "Here's a list of the strongest measured wind gusts from Monday's powerful storm system. A complete list of gusts and wind damage reports can be found here: https://tinyurl.com/rpzju43. A list of rainfall reports can be found here: https://tinyurl.com/qtjqa5b. #NJwx #DEwx #PAwx #MDwx" (Tweet). Retrieved April 15, 2020 – via Twitter.
- ^ Zurita, Anthony. "Thousands of power outages reported across North Jersey as storm moves through the state". North Jersey.
- ^ Storm Knocks Out Several Traffic Lights in Beacon; Some Side Streets Blocked With Downed Trees and Wires, A Little Beacon Blog, April 13, 2020
- ^ a b Wind Gusts Over 70 MPH Leave Damage in New York City, Northeast as Powerful Storm Sweeps Through Great Lakes, The Weather Channel, April 13, 2020
- ^ Wind gusts reached 80 miles per hour in Massachusetts during Monday’s storm, MassLive, April 14, 2020
- ^ "Easter Storm Brings Snow & Wind Across the Region". National Weather Service. National Weather Service Weather Forecast Office in Sioux Falls, South Dakota. April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ Ron Trenda (April 12, 2020). "Impressive Sunday snow totals; cool start to the week, then temps rebound by Thursday". KNOW-FM. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ Andrew Krueger (April 12, 2020). "Spring storm brings heavy snow to southern Minnesota". KNOW-FM. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
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- ^ PowerOutages.us [@PowerOutage_us] (April 17, 2020). "April 2020 Storm Summary 2020/04/12 - 2020/04/16. Max customers out at one time: 1.44 Million. Total customers affected: Over 4.3 Million. 399k in #NorthCarolina, 391k in #SouthCarolina, 353k in #Texas, 243k #Alabama, 226k #Virginia, 204k #Arkansas" (Tweet). Retrieved April 17, 2020 – via Twitter.
- ^ "No hugs or handshakes: Pandemic complicates storm relief". WTSP. April 15, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ Marc Nathanson (April 13, 2020). "6 dead, half a million without power as storms batter South". ABC News. Retrieved April 13, 2020.
- ^ "Kemp declares state of emergency for severe weather damage". WTVC. April 13, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
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- ^ "April 15: Monroe officials address tornado aftermath". KNOE-TV. April 15, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ "Drax Biomass donates $30,000 to help communities affected by COVID-19 and Easter tornadoes". KTVE. April 15, 2020. Retrieved April 15, 2020.
- ^ a b Ron Brackett and Jan Wesner Childs (April 13, 2020). "Tornado Outbreak Tears Across the South, Killing 33". The Weather Channel. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
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- ^ Lici Beveridge (April 21, 2020). "Mississippi tornadoes: What we know about the April 19 storms. One tornado was massive". Jackson Clairon Ledger. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ a b "Three Mississippi Counties Declared Federal Disasters Following Easter Storms". Mississippi Emergency Management Agency. April 17, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Ellen Ciurczak (April 17, 2020). "Tornado survivors in three Mississippi counties urged to apply for federal assistance". Hattiesburg American. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ Justin Vicory (April 18, 2020). "Mississippi tornadoes: 'Still a lot of work to do' in counties struck by Easter storms". Mississippi Clarion Ledger. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
- ^ "Mississippi Strong: WDAM, Red Cross team up for tornado relief fundraiser". WDAM. April 16, 2020. Retrieved April 18, 2020.
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- ^ "Tennessee Governor Bill Lee tours 2nd round of tornado damage within weeks". WZTV. April 15, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
- ^ "Gov. McMaster issues state of emergency after severe weather in SC". WSAV-TV. April 15, 2020. Retrieved April 16, 2020.
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- ^ Jason Evans (April 21, 2020). "Estimates for storm damage cost top $1M". Pickens County Courier. Retrieved April 21, 2020.
- ^ Daryl Herzmann [@akrherz] (April 13, 2020). "My unofficial data has 141 Tornado Warnings issued by the @NWS for the 12z to 12z (7 AM CDT) period ending this morning (13 April 2020). This is the largest number of warnings since 285 on 2-3 March 2012. 27-28 Apr 2011 is largest on record at 450" (Tweet). Retrieved April 14, 2020 – via Twitter.
- ^ Kathie Dello [@KathieDello] (April 14, 2020). "It ranks as the 6th most number of confirmed tornadoes in 1 day in North Carolina, dating back to 1950 (s/o to Tim for asking the q)" (Tweet). Retrieved April 14, 2020 – via Twitter.
- ^ South Carolina State Climatology Office (April 21, 2020). "South Carolina Tornado Outbreak 4/13/2020 (Preliminary Report)" (PDF) (Press release). Columbia, South Carolina: South Carolina Department of Natural Resources. National Weather Service. Retrieved April 22, 2020.
External links
- ABC 33/40 Severe Weather Coverage (Part 1) April 12, 2020
- ABC 33/40 Severe Weather Coverage (Part 2) - April 12, 2020
- Easter 2020 Tornado Outbreak Coverage (The Weather Channel)
- Intense EF-3 Tornado Hits Monroe, Louisiana - Apr. 12, 2020
- Easter Tornado Outbreak 2020: Major Tornadoes Tear Through Mississippi, Georgia, Tennessee, & More