Hurricane Laura
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | August 20, 2020 |
Dissipated | August 29, 2020 |
Category 4 major hurricane | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/NWS) | |
Highest winds | 150 mph (240 km/h) |
Lowest pressure | 937 mbar (hPa); 27.67 inHg |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 81 |
Damage | ≥$23.3 billion (2020 USD) |
Areas affected | Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles, The Bahamas, Gulf Coast of the United States, Midwestern United States, Eastern United States |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 2020 Atlantic hurricane season | |
History
Effects Other wikis |
Hurricane Laura was a deadly and destructive
Laura first hit the Lesser Antilles and brushed Puerto Rico as a tropical storm, then moved across the island of Hispaniola, killing 31 people in Haiti and four in the Dominican Republic. The storm then moved across the length of Cuba, prompting tropical storm warnings and the evacuation of more than 260,000 people there. Subsequently, the outer rainbands extended into the Florida Keys and South Florida. Laura then moved across the Gulf of Mexico, strengthening slowly at first, before a period of rapid intensification on August 26. That day, Laura became a major hurricane, and later attained its peak 1-minute sustained winds of 150 mph (240 km/h), making it a Category 4 hurricane. The approaching storm prompted the issuing of many warnings and watches for Louisiana, as well as the evacuation of many people.
Early on August 27, Laura made landfall near peak intensity on
After landfall, Laura caused significant wind damage in southwest and central Louisiana before becoming a tropical storm later that day. It weakened further to a tropical depression over Arkansas the next day. On August 29, Laura degenerated into a remnant low over Kentucky, before being absorbed into another extratropical storm near the East Coast of the U.S. shortly afterward. Overall, Laura caused more than $23.3 billion in damage and 81 deaths. Areas that were affected by Laura, namely the Gulf Coast, were affected again six weeks later by Hurricane Delta.
Meteorological history
On August 16, 2020, a
Despite interacting with the mountainous terrain of
Little change in intensity took place in the few hours before Hurricane Laura made
Preparations
Lesser Antilles and Virgin Islands
In preparation for the storm, schools were closed in Anguilla and Antigua.[42] A tropical storm watch was issued for several islands in the group on August 20, being upgraded to a warning the next day.[43][44] The storm prompted the closing of all ports in the British Virgin Islands.[45]
Dominican Republic
A tropical storm warning was issued covering the coast from Punta Palenque to the northern Haitian border. A red alert was also issued for 18 provinces, a yellow alert for 8, and a green alert for 6.[46]
Haiti
Haitian authorities urged people to evacuate to shelters, and to remember to wear masks and respect social distancing orders in the areas due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[47]
Jamaica and Cayman Islands
Although the center of Laura was forecast to remain north of Jamaica, associated rainbands on the southern side of the circulation were anticipated to bring significant precipitation. On August 23, the Jamaican Meteorological Service issued a flash flood watch for low-lying areas nationwide.[48] This was later upgraded to a flash flood warning on August 24 as torrential rains affected the nation.[49]
Originally, the bulk of the storm was forecasted to stay north of the Cayman Islands, but as the forecast kept on shifting further southwest of earlier forecast, the projections of significant precipitation and for Tropical Storm conditions continued to increase. The Cayman Islands Government issued Tropical Storm Warning for their Islands on August 23. This was in addition to the Severe Weather Statements and Flood Warnings that were already posted.[50]
Cuba
Ahead of Laura's first landfall in Cuba on August 23, tropical storm watches and warnings were issued throughout the nation. At one point, the western tip of Cuba was under both a tropical storm watch from Laura and a tropical storm warning from Hurricane Marco at the same time.[51] Officials evacuated 106,000 people in Santiago de Cuba Province, 81,300 in Holguín Province, and 12,000 in Guantánamo Province.[52] Power was preemptively cut across Guantánamo Province as a precautionary measure.[citation needed] On August 24, a further 45,000 people in Villa Clara Province, 16,466 people in Matanzas Province, and 300 in Ciego de Ávila Province were evacuated. The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic complicated evacuation efforts, resulting in typical evacuation shelters such as schools not being opened. Those suspected of being infected were relocated to quarantine centers. Residents nationwide were alerted to the potential of widespread flooding as many reservoirs were at or near capacity.[52]
United States
Hurricanes Marco and Laura threatened a large swath of oil rigs positioned across the Gulf of Mexico. By August 23, approximately 58 percent of oil production and 45 percent of natural gas production was shut down; this included the evacuation of 114 platforms.
Puerto Rico
Puerto Rico Governor
Florida
On August 21, Florida Governor
Texas
Hurricane, tropical storm, and storm surge watches were issued for areas mainly near and east of Galveston on August 24. Most were upgraded to warnings the next day and a flash flood watch was also issued for the eastern portion of the state.[51]
On August 23, Texas Governor
Louisiana
Hurricane, tropical storm, and storm surge watches were issued for almost the entire coastline on August 24. This came just hours after the southeastern portion of the state had their tropical storm and storm surge warnings for Marco cancelled. Most of the watches were upgraded to warnings the next day and a flash flood watch was also issued for the western half of the state as over 10 inches (250 mm) of rain was expected.[51] As the threat of surge increased for the coastline, the NHC stated that there would be "unsurvivable storm surge with large and destructive waves."[75]
Due to the continued threat of Marco and Laura making landfall in Louisiana, on August 21, Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards declared a state of emergency for 36 parishes.[76][77] Evacuations related to Marco were in place for Plaquemines Parish, Jefferson Parish, Grand Isle, and Port Fourchon.[77][78] A mandatory evacuation for the entirety of Calcasieu Parish, approximately 200,000 people, was ordered on August 25.[73][79] State-run shelters were opened with cots spread farther apart due to the COVID-19 pandemic.[73] Just hours before Laura made landfall on August 26, I-10 was shut down in both directions between the Louisiana/Texas border eastward to the Atchafalaya Basin.[80]
Mississippi
Despite being well away from the center of the storm, the coastline of Mississippi was placed under a storm surge watch from Ocean Springs westward on August 24 due to the massive size of Laura. However, these were dropped before the storm made landfall.[51] Mississippi Governor Tate Reeves declared a state of emergency on August 22 due to both Hurricanes Laura and Marco threatening the state, which the federal government granted on August 24.[81][82]
Arkansas
Search and rescue teams were put on standby as Governor Asa Hutchinson declared an emergency ahead of Hurricane Laura and set aside $250,000 to prepare for the storm's impacts.[83] One day later President Donald Trump declared a state of emergency for the state of Arkansas.[84] For the first time in the state's history the National Weather Service issued tropical storm watches and warnings for several southern counties of Arkansas with local forecasters predicting that areas southeast of Little Rock face the greatest risk of damage.[85]
Impact
Country/Territory | Fatalities | Damage (2020 USD) |
Ref | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lesser Antilles | 0 | ≥$100 million | ||
Dominican Republic | 9 | [86] | ||
Haiti | 31 | [87] | ||
Cuba | 0 | |||
Jamaica | 0 | [88] | ||
Cayman Islands | 0 | |||
United States | Puerto Rico | 0 | ||
Florida | 1 | $23.2 billion | [89] | |
Louisiana | 30 | [90][91] | ||
Mississippi | 0 | [92] | ||
Texas | 10 | [93][94][95][96][97] | ||
Arkansas | 0 | |||
Totals: | 81 | ≥$23.3 billion | [1][2] |
Laura caused widespread devastation throughout most of its path with tropical-storm force winds going over almost all of the
Lesser Antilles
As Laura passed through the
Dominican Republic
Tropical Storm Laura brought damaging winds and flooding rains to much of the Dominican Republic. Precipitation was heaviest along the southern coast, with a peak 24-hour accumulation of 11.7 in (300 mm) in Barahona.[102] Approximately 1.1 million people lost power while 1.56 million people experienced disruption to water services.[103][104] Early assessments as of August 24 indicated significant damage to 1,791 homes, prompting the evacuation of 8,995 people.[104] In Santo Domingo, a woman and her son died after their house collapsed, due to the rain brought by Laura,[105] and in Pedro Brand, a man died when a tree fell on his house.[106] Severe flooding was reported across Santo Domingo.[107] A police officer died after falling on a downed electric cable in the Elías Piña Province.[108]
Haiti
Similar to the Dominican Republic, heavy precipitation affected much of Haiti; a personal weather station in Port-au-Prince measured 6.61 in (168 mm) of rain.[102] Extensive flooding affected the nation,[109] forcing many families to evacuate their homes.[110] As of August 28, at least 31 people were confirmed dead with another 8 missing.[87] The Péligre Dam overflowed, sending floodwaters down the Artibonite valley. Public Works Minister Nader Joaseus alerted residents that the dam could collapse. Agriculture suffered significant damage as the nation struggled with COVID-19 related food shortages.[107] Flooding damaged 447 homes and destroyed 15 others across the Artibonite department.[111]
Cuba
After clearing
Jamaica and Cayman Islands
Flash flooding across
Rounds of gusty winds and heavy rainfall affected the Cayman Islands as Laura passed just to the north.[115]
United States
Strongest U.S. landfalling tropical cyclones† | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rank | Name‡ | Season | Wind speed | ||
mph | km/h | ||||
1 | "Labor Day" | 1935 | 185 | 295 | |
2 | Karen | 1962 | 175 | 280 | |
Camille | 1969 | ||||
Yutu | 2018 | ||||
5 | Andrew | 1992 | 165 | 270 | |
6 | "Okeechobee" | 1928 | 160 | 260 | |
Michael | 2018 | ||||
8 | Maria | 2017 | 155 | 250 | |
9 | "Last Island" | 1856 | 150 | 240 | |
"Indianola" | 1886 | ||||
"Florida Keys" | 1919 | ||||
"Freeport" | 1932 | ||||
Charley | 2004 | ||||
Laura | 2020 | ||||
Ida | 2021 | ||||
Ian | 2022 | ||||
Source: Hurricane Research Division[116] | |||||
†Strength refers to maximum sustained wind speed upon striking land. | |||||
‡Systems prior to 1950 were not officially named. |
Hurricane Laura produced at least 16 tornadoes in Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, Tennessee, and Alabama. The preliminary insured damages from Hurricane Laura in Texas and Louisiana were estimated at $19 billion.[117] Laura became the first major hurricane to strike the mainland United States since Michael in October 2018.[118]
Puerto Rico
In
Florida
Tropical storm-force wind gusts affected several counties across southern Florida, particularly
Louisiana
The first report of sustained tropical-storm force winds on land was at Cypremort Point, on Vermilion Bay, where 45 miles per hour (70 km/h) winds were recorded.[126] Numerous tornado warnings began to be issued throughout Louisiana as Laura approached the coast on August 26.[127][128] An EF0 tornado touched down briefly near Paincourtville, although no damage occurred.[129] Another tornado was reportedly spotted by a trained spotter in Bell City, but was never confirmed.[130] Coastal water rises began at around 19:00 UTC on August 26.[131]
Cameron saw at least 9.19 feet (2.80 m) of storm surge.[132] Holly Beach was extensively damaged as an RV was destroyed and several homes suffered roof damage.[133] Storm surge flooding also covered SH 82.[134] The town of Hackberry was severely damaged by storm surge flooding and two trains were derailed in Grand Lake, where the Grand Lake High School suffered damage.[135][136][137]
Severe damage occurred throughout Lake Charles with widespread catastrophic-level damage to residential and commercial building roofs and structure, as well as half of all matured trees either blown down, badly stripped of branches, or 'broken over'. Double- and Triple-KVA (kilovolt-amp) power transmission towers and lines feeding power throughout the area were heavily damaged and/or destroyed. An RV was blown over and many mobile homes in parks were knocked off of their mounts, some rolled over, older ones stripped of their siding and gutted. The Lake Charles Regional Airport saw a wind gust of 128 miles per hour (206 km/h) as well as multiple hangars destroyed.[138][139][140][141] Another wind gust in the city reached 137 miles per hour (220 km/h).[142] Many windows were blown out of Capital One Tower in Downtown Lake Charles.[143]
Hurricane Laura caused the largest power outage in Baton Rouge since Isaac in 2012.[157] In
A total of 30 fatalities occurred throughout the state, four of them arising from falling trees. They included a 14-year-old girl in
Texas
Before the hurricane made landfall, one person was killed and another injured after rough surf from Laura slammed them against jetties in Corpus Christi on August 26.[93] Another man died after he was electrocuted while preparing for the storm.[95] Eastern Texas saw a few tornado warnings as Laura neared landfall on August 26 as well, but no tornadoes were confirmed.[127][128] Coastal water rises in the southeast part of the state began at around 20:00 UTC that same day.[170] Wind gusts in both Houston and Galveston peaked at 38 miles per hour (61 km/h).[171] A wind gust of 79 miles per hour (127 km/h) was recorded at Kirbyville Raws site near Call and trees were downed in Groves.[172][173] In Port Arthur, trees were downed, including one that fell on a house, and a parking lot lamp snapped at its base.[174][175][176] A large tree also fell on and damaged a house in Beaumont.[177] Structural damage occurred in near Pinehurst just west of Orange, where multiple trees and power lines where downed and several structures, including a church, were damaged.[178][179][180] Structural damage also occurred in Bridge City.[181] More trees and power lines were blown down across both Angelina and Sabine Counties, some of which blocked roads.[182][183][184] In Hemphill, a roof collapsed at an Ashley HomeStore and multiple roads were blocked by falling trees.[185][186] A man was killed northeast of the town when a tree fell on him while he was sitting on a recliner in his home.[94] Southeast of the city, trees fell on homes and blocked all exits in the McGee's Landing Area.[187] East of Center, a tree and power lines fell on FM 417 and FM 2694.[188] Following the storm, five people died in Southeast Texas in four separate incidents of carbon monoxide poisoning as a result of improperly-placed generators.[96] One person in Newton County was also killed in the cleanup process.[97]
Mississippi
Despite the reduced surge threat on the coast,
Arkansas
Laura entered
Trees were uprooted and power lines were downed across a widespread area in several counties.
Elsewhere
Moderate to heavy rainfall impacted the eastern half of
In
Multiple tornado warnings were also issued in Southern Missouri, Kentucky, Northern Alabama, and Eastern Maryland.[189][225] Four tornadoes were confirmed in Alabama with three being rated EF1 while the other was rated EF0.[226][227]
Aftermath
Haiti
Following the passage of Laura, Haiti's Directorate General of Civil Protection (DGCP) began damage assessments. The agency quickly distributed food kits to affected residents in the Ouest, Nippes, Sud-Est, and Sud departments. Water treatment products were sent to Anse-à-Pitres and Belle-Anse by the National Directorate for Drinking Water and Sanitation. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) deployed medical teams across the country to assist the Haitian National Red Cross Society, though transport of victims was hampered by limited access to ambulances. Eleven schools were converted to shelters; however, many evacuees opted to stay with neighbors or relatives due to fears of COVID-19.[228]
United States
The governors of both Texas and Louisiana surveyed storm damage in the hardest hit parts of their respective states after the storm had passed. Roads in both Calcasieu and Cameron Parishes in Louisiana were impassable, cutting off road access to both Cameron and Creole. About 200,000 people were left without drinking water after Laura made 80 water systems inoperable. Additionally, some areas saw complete destruction in their power grids, and over a million people lost power. Some areas were expected to be without power for weeks or even months. Multiple homes also were uninhabitable due to air conditioning units being destroyed. Recovery efforts were hampered by additional rainfall in the days after Laura had passed.[229]
After the storm, President Donald Trump approved a post-storm major disaster declaration for 23 parishes in Louisiana on August 27. Two days later, he visited the areas most heavily affected by the storm, including Lake Charles in Calcasieu Parish, and Orange County. Trump visited the Cajun Navy, a rescue organization, and met with Governor John Bel Edwards.[230]
Post-storm assessments indicated extensive damage and losses to Louisiana's timber industry with some small private forest landowners reporting complete loss of their timber acreage, an outcome which they had not experienced in the aftermath of Hurricane Rita, 15 years earlier.[231] Extensive damage was also reported to Louisiana's industrial facilities with one-third showing some type of damage and nine out of the 138 facilities showing critical damage, causing environmental concerns. Some of the most critically damaged facilities were the BioLab facility in Lake Charles and the Equistar Chemical facility in Westlake, and the Chemical Waste Management facility and the Lotte Chemical plant in Lake Charles.[232]
Many of the repairs in Louisiana were undone six weeks later by Hurricane Delta, which made landfall just 12 miles (19 km) east of where Hurricane Laura did, with many areas in and around hard-hit Lake Charles being damaged again.[233][234]
Retirement
Due to the damage and loss of life in Louisiana and southeast Texas, the name Laura was retired from the Atlantic rotating naming lists by the World Meteorological Organization in March 2021, and will never be used again for an Atlantic tropical cyclone. It was replaced with Leah for the 2026 season.[235][236]
See also
- Tropical cyclones in 2020
- List of Category 4 Atlantic hurricanes
- List of costliest Atlantic hurricanes
- List of Louisiana hurricanes
- Hurricane Audrey (1957) – A Category 3 hurricane that took a similar track through the Texas and Louisiana border.
- Hurricane Carmen (1974)- A Category 4 hurricane that took a similar path to Laura in Louisiana.
- Hurricane Lili (2002) – A Category 4 hurricane that made a similar track and made landfall near the border of Texas/Louisiana.
- Hurricane Rita (2005) – A Category 5 hurricane that took a similar track and made landfall near the Texas/Louisiana border
- Hurricane Humberto (2007) – A Category 1 hurricane that rapidly formed and struck similar areas in Louisiana
- Hurricane Gustav (2008) – A Category 4 hurricane that took a similar path through the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico.
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{{cite report}}
: Unknown parameter|agency=
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{{cite report}}
: Unknown parameter|agency=
ignored (help) - ^ Preliminary Local Storm Report (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. August 24, 2020. Archived from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
{{cite report}}
: Unknown parameter|agency=
ignored (help) - ^ Preliminary Local Storm Report (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. August 24, 2020. Archived from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
{{cite report}}
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{{cite report}}
: Unknown parameter|agency=
ignored (help) - ^ Herzmann, Daryl. "IEM :: LSR from NWS SHV". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Archived from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved August 27, 2020.
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- ^ NWS Damage Survey For 08/28/20 Tornado Event (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. August 29, 2020. Archived from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
{{cite report}}
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ignored (help) - ^ Herzmann, Daryl. "IEM :: Storm Based Warning Polygon Visual Summary". mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Archived from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
- ^ NWS Damage Survey For 08/28/2020 Tornado Event (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. August 29, 2020. Archived from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved August 29, 2020.
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ignored (help) - ^ NWS Damage Survey For 08/28/20 Tornado Event (Report). Iowa Environmental Mesonet. August 29, 2020. Archived from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.
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ignored (help) - ^ Haïti: Tempête Tropicale Laura - Rapport de situation No. 3, au 25 août 2020, 12h00 midi (PDF) (Situation Report) (in French). ReliefWeb. August 25, 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 27, 2020. Retrieved August 25, 2020.
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ignored (help) - ^ "Hurricane Laura: 6 Dead, Residents Describe Devastation in Louisiana; Damage Reported in Texas, Arkansas". The Weather Channel. Archived from the original on August 28, 2020. Retrieved August 28, 2020.
- ^ Helmore, Edward (August 29, 2020). "Hurricane Laura: Donald Trump visits storm-lashed Louisiana and Texas". The Guardian. Archived from the original on September 17, 2020. Retrieved September 16, 2020.
- ^ "Hurricane Laura causes extensive damage to Louisiana timber". KMIZ. September 4, 2020. Archived from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
- ^ Wendland, Tegan; Madden, Patrick; Lux, Travis; Westwood, Rosemary (September 4, 2020). "Inspection Reports Show 'Critical Damage' From Hurricane Laura At Several Industrial Facilities". WWNO. Archived from the original on September 5, 2020. Retrieved September 4, 2020.
- ^ "'Sheer anxiety': Louisiana braces itself for Hurricane Delta". CNBC. October 8, 2020. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved October 15, 2020.
- ^ Schleifstein, Mark. "Hurricane Delta makes a soggy, windy landfall in southwest Louisiana Friday evening". NOLA.com. Archived from the original on October 14, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2020.
- ^ "WMO Hurricane Committee retires tropical cyclone names and ends the use of Greek alphabet". Geneva, Switzerland: World Meteorological Organization. March 17, 2021. Archived from the original on December 18, 2023. Retrieved March 17, 2021.
- Yale Climate Connections. Archivedfrom the original on March 19, 2021. Retrieved April 14, 2024.
External links
- The National Hurricane Center's Advisory Archive on Hurricane Laura
- National Hurricane Center (NHC)
- Weather Prediction Center (WPC)
- Tropical Storm Laura hits the Caribbean - August 22 2020
- Tropical Storm Laura Hits Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, & Haiti - Aug. 23, 2020
- Category 4 Hurricane Laura Hits Louisiana & Texas - Aug. 26 / 27, 2020