22 nm process
Semiconductor device fabrication |
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MOSFET scaling (process nodes) |
Future
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The "22 nm" node is the process step following
Since at least 1997, "process nodes" have been named purely on a marketing basis, and have no relation to the dimensions on the integrated circuit;[1] neither gate length, metal pitch or gate pitch on a "22nm" device is twenty-two nanometers.[2][3][4][5]
The ITRS 2006 Front End Process Update indicates that equivalent physical oxide thickness will not scale below 0.5 nm (about twice the diameter of a silicon atom), which is the expected value at the 22 nm node. This is an indication that CMOS scaling in this area has reached a wall at this point, possibly disturbing Moore's law.
The 20-nanometre node is an intermediate half-node die shrink based on the 22-nanometre process.
Technology demos
On August 18, 2008,
The 22 nm node may be the first time where the gate length is not necessarily smaller than the technology node designation. For example, a 25 nm gate length would be typical for the 22 nm node.
On September 22, 2009, during the Intel Developer Forum Fall 2009, Intel showed a 22 nm wafer and announced that chips with 22 nm technology would be available in the second half of 2011.[9] SRAM cell size is said to be 0.092 μm2, smallest reported to date.
On January 3, 2010, Intel and Micron Technology announced the first in a family of 25 nm NAND devices.
On May 2, 2011, Intel announced its first 22 nm microprocessor, codenamed
IBM's POWER8 processors are produced in a 22 nm SOI process.[11]
Shipped devices
- Toshiba announced that it was shipping 24 nm flash memory NAND devices on August 31, 2010.[12]
- In 2010, NAND flash memory chips using a 20 nm process.[13]
- Also in 2010, Hynix introduced a 64 Gbit NAND flash memory chip using a 20 nm process.[14]
- On April 23, 2012, Intel Core i7 and Intel Core i5 processors based on Intel's Ivy Bridge 22 nm technology for series 7 chipsets went on sale worldwide.[15] Volume production of 22 nm processors began more than six months earlier, as confirmed by former Intel CEO Paul Otellini on October 19, 2011.[16]
- On June 3, 2013, Intel started shipping Intel Core i7 and Intel Core i5 processors based on Intel's
References
- ^ "No More Nanometers – EEJournal". July 23, 2020.
- ^ Shukla, Priyank. "A Brief History of Process Node Evolution". design-reuse.com. Retrieved July 9, 2019.
- ^ Hruska, Joel. "14nm, 7nm, 5nm: How low can CMOS go? It depends if you ask the engineers or the economists..." ExtremeTech.
- ^ "Exclusive: Is Intel Really Starting To Lose Its Process Lead? 7nm Node Slated For Release in 2022". wccftech.com. September 10, 2016.
- ^ "Life at 10nm. (Or is it 7nm?) And 3nm - Views on Advanced Silicon Platforms". eejournal.com. March 12, 2018.
- ^ "20nm Technology". TSMC. Retrieved June 30, 2019.
- ^ "TG Daily news report". Archived from the original on August 19, 2008. Retrieved August 18, 2008.
- ^ EETimes news report
- ^ Intel announces 22nm chips for 2011
- ^ Intel 22nm 3-D Tri-Gate Transistor Technology
- ^ IBM opens Power8 kimono (a little bit more)
- ^ Toshiba launches 24nm process NAND flash memory
- ^ "History". Samsung Electronics. Samsung. Retrieved June 19, 2019.
- ^ "History: 2010s". SK Hynix. Archived from the original on April 29, 2021. Retrieved July 8, 2019.
- ^ Intel launches Ivy Bridge...
- ^ Tom's Hardware: Intel to Sell Ivy Bridge Late in Q4 2011
- ^ "4th Generation Intel Core Processors Coming Soon". Archived from the original on February 9, 2015. Retrieved April 27, 2013.
- ^ "Intel's 10nm Cannon Lake and Core i3-8121U Deep Dive Review".
Preceded by 32 nm (CMOS) |
MOSFET manufacturing processes | Succeeded by FinFET )
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