612th Tactical Fighter Squadron

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612th Tactical Fighter Squadron
Vietnamese Gallantry Cross with Palm
Insignia
612th Tactical Fighter Squadron patch showing squadron emblem[b][1]
612th Bombardment Squadron Emblem[c]
ETO Fuselage Code[2]FN

The 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron is an inactive

Torrejon Air Base
, Spain, where it was inactivated on 1 October 1991.

The

V-E Day, the squadron was inactivated in England. It was briefly active in the reserves from 1947, becoming a corollary unit in 1949. In the spring of 1951, it was mobilized for the Korean War
and its personnel were used to fill out other units before the squadron was inactivated

The squadron was redesignated the 612th Fighter-Bomber Squadron and activated in 1954 at

Torrejon Air Base
, Spain, where it continued fighter operations until inactivating in 1991.

History

World War II

Organization and training for combat

The 612th Bombardment Squadron was activated March 1943 at

Brooksville Army Air Field.[4]

The ground echelon moved to

Great Falls Army Air Base, Mount in July. At Great Falls the first combat crews were assigned to the squadron.[5] In the final stage of training the squadrons dispersed with the 612th remaining at Great Falls, while the other squadrons trained at bases in Montana and Wyoming.[6]

After completing training the ground echelon left for overseas on 19 October 1943. After staging at

Air Transport Command via Newfoundland, Iceland and Scotland.[6]

Combat in the European Theater of Operations

On arrival in England, half of the 401st group's

1st Bombardment Division. Its tail code was Triangle-S.[2]

On 26 November the 612th flew its first combat mission against

Distinguished Unit Citation (DUC).[3][9]

A little over a month later, on 20 February, the squadron earned its second DUC for an attack on the Erla Maschinenwerke aircraft manufacturing facilities in Leipzig, Germany. Despite fighter attacks and battle damage to the 612th's planes, 100% of the unit's bombs fell within 1000 feet of the aiming point.[3][10] Beginning in October 1944, the unit concentrated its attacks on Axis oil reserves.[3]

In addition to strategic missions, squadron operations included attacks on transportation, airfields, and fortifications prior to the

D-Day the 612th attacked Normandy beachhead areas dropping bombs five minutes before troops landed.[11] The following month it provided close air support for the breakthrough at Saint-Lô, it also supported the siege of Brest in August and Operation Market Garden in September. During the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 and January 1945, the unit attacked transportation and communications in the battle area. It supported airborne forces involved in Operation Varsity in March 1945.[3]

The squadron flew its last combat mission on 20 April 1945 against

Frankfurt am Main to see the damage that had been done as a result of their efforts.[14]

The unit was alerted for redeployment to the Pacific Theater and the last plane departed Deenethorpe in early June. The ground echelon sailed on the

Sioux Falls Army Air Field, South Dakota, but plans had changed and personnel were either transferred to Boeing B-29 Superfortress units or processed for discharge and the squadron was inactivated.[16]

Reserve operations

The squadron was activated at Brooks Field (later

97th Bombardment Wing, which was stationed there.[1] The May 1949 Air Force Reserve program had called for this new type of unit, which was a reserve unit integrated with an active duty unit. The plan was viewed as the best method to train reservists by mixing them with an existing regular unit to perform duties alongside the regular unit.[21]

All reserve corollary units were mobilized for the Korean war.[22] The 612th was called up on 1 May 1951. Its personnel were used as fillers for other organizations and it was inactivated on 25 June.[1]

Fighter operations

401st Group F-84F Thunderstreak[d]
401st Wing F-100D[e]

The squadron was redesignated the 612th Fighter-Bomber Squadron and activated at

Homestead Air Force Base, Florida. By 1965, however, deployments had begun to the Pacific and Southeast Asia.[23]

The squadron moved to

37th Tactical Fighter Wing,[27] before returning to Phan Rang.[26]

In January 1968, the 39th Air Division was inactivated and the

475th Tactical Fighter Wing moved to Misawa. The squadron was reassigned, but remained a paper unit until March 1971, when it moved without personnel and equipment and replaced Detachment 1 at Phan Rang. The American presence in Vietnam was being reduced, however, and the squadron's time at Phan Rang was limited. Combat operations ceased in late June, and on 15 July the squadron moved without personnel and equipment for the second time.[26]

401st Wing F-4D Phantom II[f]

The squadron moved on paper to rejoin the 401st Wing at

alert status. In 1983, the squadron converted to the General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon
. It deployed its forces to Incirlik Air Base, Turkey in 1990, where they formed the 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron (Provisional) under the 7440th Composite Wing (Provisional). After return to Torrejon the squadron was inactivated in the fall of 1991 as the United States removed its combat units permanently stationed in Spain.[citation needed]

Lineage

  • Constituted as the 612th Bombardment Squadron (Heavy) on 20 March 1943
Activated on 1 April 1943
Redesignated 612th Bombardment Squadron, Heavy ca. 1 November 1943
Inactivated on 28 August 1945
  • Redesignated 612th Bombardment Squadron, Very Heavy on 27 May 1947
Activated in the reserve on 26 June 1947
Redesignated 612th Bombardment Squadron, Medium on 27 June 1949
Ordered to active service on 1 May 1951
Inactivated on 25 June 1951
  • Redesignated 612th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 24 November 1953
Activated on 8 February 1954
Redesignated 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron on 1 July 1958[29]
Inactivated on 1 October 1991

Assignments

  • 401st Bombardment Group, 1 April 1943 – 28 August 1945
  • 401st Bombardment Group, 26 June 1947 – 25 June 1951
  • 401st Fighter-Bomber Group, 8 February 1954
  • 401st Fighter-Bomber Wing (later Tactical Fighter Wing), 25 September 1957[29]
  • 39th Air Division, 3 November 1965[24]
  • 475th Tactical Fighter Wing, 15 January 1968[30]
  • 35th Tactical Fighter Wing, 15 March 1971[26]
  • 401st Tactical Fighter Wing, 15 July 1971 – 1 October 1991[31]

Stations

Aircraft

Awards and campaigns

Award streamer Award Dates Notes
Distinguished Unit Citation
 11 January 1944 Germany, 612th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Distinguished Unit Citation 20 February 1944 Germany, 612th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Presidential Unit Citation 10 October 1966 – 10 April 1967 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron[35]
Combat "V" Device
 15 March 1971 – 25 June 1971 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron[36]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 January 1963 – 31 December 1963 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron[1]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 8 August 1964 – 15 November 1964 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron[35]
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 July 1983–30 June 1985 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron
Air Force Outstanding Unit Award 1 April 1989–31 March 1991 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron
Vietnamese Gallantry Cross with Palm
 29 June 1966 – 15 July 1971 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron[36][g]
Campaign Streamer Campaign Dates Notes
Air Offensive, Europe 4 November 1943 – 5 June 1944 612th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Normandy 6 June 1944 – 24 July 1944 612th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Northern France 25 July 1944 – 14 September 1944 612th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Ardennes-Alsace 16 December 1944 – 25 January 1945 612th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Rhineland 15 September 1944 – 21 March 1945 612th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Central Europe 2 March 1944 – 21 May 1945 612th Bombardment Squadron[1]
Commando Hunt V 15 March 1971 – 14 May 1971 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron[36]
Commando Hunt VI 15 May 1971 – 15 July 1971 612th Tactical Fighter Squadron[36]

See also

References

Notes

Explanatory notes
  1. Aerospace Maintenance and Regeneration Center (AMARC) on 26 June 1996. Baugher, Joe (3 March 2023). "1981 USAF Serial Numbers"
    . Joe Baugher. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  2. ^ Approved 15 September 1955. Description: On a light sky blue disc, within a border Air Force blue, a fighting American bald eagle, dark brown, wings highlighted Air Force yellow, eyeball green, pupil black, with white highlight, beak and feet Air Force yellow, detail dark brown, talons black, highlights white, tongue red, head and tail feathers white, outlined black; the eagle carrying a large red bomb in his right talons, in base a cloud white.
  3. ^ The squadron had an earlier emblem portraying the squadron mascot, "Mangler." Closway, p. 36
  4. McDonnell F-4C Phantom IIs. Baugher, Joe (6 May 2023). "1951 USAF Serial Numbers"
    . Joe Baugher. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  5. ^ Aircraft is North American F-100D-85-NH Super Sabre, serial 56-3408. Taken about 1960.
  6. ^ Aircraft is McDonnell F-4D-29-MC Phantom II, serial 66-0261. This airplane was transferred to the Air National Guard in 1980 and to the AMARC on 8 January 1990. It was sold for scrap on 19 May 2000. Baugher, Joe (29 April 2023). "1966 USAF Serial Numbers". Joe Baugher. Retrieved 8 May 2023.
  7. ^ In addition, Detachment 1 of the squadron was awarded a Presidential Unit Citation for the period 1 July 1968 – 31 December 1968, an Air Force Outstanding Unit Award with Combat "V" Device for the period 1 May 1966-30 September 1966 and three Vietnam Gallantry Crosses with palm. AF Pamphlet 900-2, Vol. 1, p. 438; AF Pamphlet 900-2, Vol. 2, p. 83
Citations
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 684
  2. ^ a b Watkins, pp. 86–87
  3. ^ a b c d e f Maurer, Combat Units, pp. 285–286
  4. ^ Closway, p. 44
  5. ^ Closway, pp. 44-45
  6. ^ a b c Closway, p. 45
  7. ^ Closway, p. 46
  8. ^ Closway, p. 47
  9. ^ Closway, pp. 40, 47, 62 (reproducing War Department General Order 50, 17 June 1944)
  10. ^ Closway, pp. 40, 63 (reproducing War Department General Order 83, 2 October 1945)
  11. ^ Closway. p. 43
  12. ^ Closway, p. 55
  13. ^ Closway, p. 62
  14. ^ Closway, pp. 56-57
  15. ^ Closway, p. 58
  16. ^ Closway, p. 59
  17. ^ See Mueller, p. 54
  18. ^ See Maurer, Combat Squadrons, pp. 684-685 (no aircraft listed as assigned to the squadron from 1947 to 1949)
  19. ^ "Abstract, Mission Project Closeup, Continental Air Command". Air Force History Index. 27 December 1961. Retrieved 24 March 2014.
  20. ^ Knaack, p. 25
  21. ^ Cantwell, p. 73
  22. ^ Cantwell, p. 87
  23. ^ Ravenstein, pp. 214-215
  24. ^ a b "Factsheet 39 Air Division". Air Force Historical Research Agency. 5 October 2007. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 9 April 2014.
  25. ^ See "Abstract, 39 Air Division History, July-December 1965". Air Force History Index. 27 December 1961. Retrieved 18 August 2019.
  26. ^ a b c d e Ravenstein, pp. 60-63
  27. ^ Ravenstein, pp. 65-66
  28. ^ See Fletcher, p. 190 (simultaneous activation and inactivation of squadrons)
  29. ^ a b c d Lineage information, including assignments, stations and aircraft through March 1963 in Maurer, Combat Squadrons, p. 684
  30. ^ Ravenstein, pp. 264-265
  31. ^ Assignment information through 1977 in Ravenstein, pp. 214-215
  32. ^ Station number in Anderson.
  33. ^ Fletcher, p. 90
  34. ^ Fletcher, p.190 (through 1982)
  35. ^ a b AF Pamphlet 900-2, Vol. 1, p. 438
  36. ^ a b c d AF Pamphlet 900-2, Vol. 2, p. 83

Bibliography

Public Domain This article incorporates public domain material from the Air Force Historical Research Agency

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