Abdul-Qādir Bedil

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Miniature painting of tomb of Abdul-Qādir Bedil

Abul-Ma'ānī Mīrzā Abdul-Qādir Bēdil (

Mughal emperor.[1] He was the foremost representative of the later phase of the "Indian style" (sabk-e hindī) of Persian poetry, and the most difficult and challenging poet of that school.[2]

Life

Bedil was born in

Turkic, as well as Persian and Arabic, which he learned in elementary school.[2]

Bedil mostly wrote

Rubayee (quatrain) in Persian, the language of the Royal Court, which he had learned during his childhood.[2] He was the author of 16 books of poetry, which contained nearly 147,000 verses and included several masnavi in that language. He is considered one of the prominent poets of Indian School of Poetry in Persian literature, and is regraded as having his own unique style. Both Mirza Ghalib and Iqbal-i Lahori
were influenced by him. His books include Tilism-i Hairat (طلسم حيرت), Tur i Ma'rifat (طور معرفت), Chahār Unsur (چهار عنصر) and Ruqa'āt (رقعات).

Possibly as a result of being brought up in such a mixed religious environment, Bedil had considerably more tolerant views than his poetic contemporaries. He preferred free thought to accepting the established beliefs of his time, siding with the common people and rejecting the clergy who he often saw as corrupt.

Bedil’s work is highly regarded in

Shams Langrudi were instrumental in Bedil’s re-emergence in Iran. Iran also sponsored two international conferences on Bedil.[5]

The Indian school of Persian poetry, especially Bedil’s poetry, is criticised for its complex and implicit meanings. As a result, However, it better regarded in Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Pakistan and India than in Iran.

ghazals
.

Grave

His grave, called Bāġ-e Bedil (Garden of Bedil) is situated across

Major Dhyan Chand National Stadium gates and the pedestrian bridge over Mathura Road in Delhi.[7][8]

Works

  • Bıdil, ‘Abd al-Qadir. Avaz-hayi Bidil: Nasri adabi (Ruq‘at - Nukat – Isharat – Chahar - ‘Unsur). Edited by Akbar Bihdarvand. Tihran: Nigah, 1386 [2007].
  • Bıdil, ‘Abd al-Qadir. Kullıyat. Lakhnahu: Naval Kishor, 1287 [1870 or 1871].
  • Bıdil, ‘Abd al-Qadir. Ghazaliyati Bidil Dihlavi. Edited by Akbar Bihdavand. Shiraz: Navid-i Shiraz, 1387 [2008 or 2009].

References

Notes

Citations

  1. ^ Kovacs, Hajnalka. "‘The Tavern of the Manifestation of Realities’: The ‘Masnavi Muhit-i azam’by Mirza Abd al-Qadir Bedil (1644–1720)." PhD diss., University of Chicago (2013).}. p.2
  2. ^
    Encyclopaedia Iranica
    . 1989. Vol. IV, Fasc. 3, pp. 244-246
  3. ^ Feuillebois 2015.
  4. ^ a b Pandari, Hirtenstein & Negahban 2013.
  5. ^ International Seminar on Mirza Bedil, March 2003, Tehran, LINK Archived 28 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  6. ^ Mehrnews.com, Reasons for Bedil's unfamiliarity in Iran, Tehran 1385, LINK
  7. Indian Express. 15 March 2009. Archived from the original
    on 21 January 2012.
  8. ^ Kim Arora (26 July 2011). "Hidden in a park in heart of Delhi, Persian poet's grave lies forgotten | Delhi News - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 25 August 2022.

Bibliography

  • Ahmad, Mohamad Bohari Haji. "The Ideas of Wahdat Al-Wujud in the Poetry of'Abd Al-Qadir Bidil (Persian), Ibrahim Hakki Erzurumlu (Ottoman Turkish), and Hamzah Fansuri (Malay)." PhD diss., 1990.
  • Faruqi, Shamsur Rahman. "A stranger in the city: The poetics of Sabk-i Hindi." Annual of Urdu Studies 19, no. 1 (2004): 93.
  • Fekrat, Nasim. "Esoteric Keys of Mirza Abd al-Qadir Bidel." MA Thesis., University of Georgia, 2018.
  • Ghani, Abdul. Life and Works of Abdul Qadir Bedil. Lahore: Publishers United, 1960.
  • Iqbal, Allama Muhammad. Bedil in the light of Bergson. Edited by Tehsin Firaqi. Lahore: Universal Boks/Iqbal Academy Pakistan, 1988.
  • Keshavmurthy, Prashant. Persian Authorship and Canonicity in Late Mughal Delhi: Building an Ark. Routledge, 2016.
  • Kovacs, Hajnalka. "‘The Tavern of the Manifestation of Realities’: The ‘Masnavi Muhit-i azam’by Mirza Abd al-Qadir Bedil (1644–1720)." PhD diss., University of Chicago (2013).}
  • Siddiqi, Mohammed Moazzam. An Examination of the Indo-Persian Mystical Poet Mīrzā ʻAbdul Qādir Bēdil with Particular Reference to His Chief Work ʻIrfān. University of California, 1975.}
  • Zipoli, Riccardo. "A computer-assisted analysis of Bidel's' Tur-e Ma ‘refat'." Annali di Ca'Foscari: Rivista della Facoltà di Lingue e Letterature straniere dell'Università di Ca'Foscari, 2005, vol. 44 (3), pp. 123–138 (2005).
  • Zipoli, Riccardo. Riflessi di Persia-Reflections of Persia. Venezia: Libreria Editrice Cafoscarina, 2013.
  • Feuillebois, Ève (2015). "Bīdil, ʿAbd al-Qādir". In Fleet, Kate;
    ISSN 1873-9830
    .
  • Pandari, Yadollah Jalali; Hirtenstein, Stephen; Negahban, Farzin (2013). "Bīdil (Bedil)". In
    ISSN 1875-9831
    .

External links

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