Agathis
Agathis | |
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Agathis australis New Zealand | |
Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Gymnospermae |
Division: | Pinophyta |
Class: | Pinopsida |
Order: | Araucariales
|
Family: | Araucariaceae |
Genus: | Agathis Salisb. 1807 |
Type species | |
Agathis loranthifolia
1807 | |
Distribution of Agathis species | |
Synonyms[1] | |
Agathis, commonly known as kauri or dammara, is a
Description
This section needs additional citations for verification. (June 2021) |
Mature kauri trees have characteristically large
The bark is smooth and light grey to grey-brown, usually peeling into irregular flakes that become thicker on more mature trees. The branch structure is often horizontal or, when larger, ascending. The lowest branches often leave annular branch scars when they detach from the lower trunk.
The juvenile
The male pollen cones appear usually only on larger trees after seed cones have appeared. The female seed cones usually develop on short lateral branchlets, maturing after two years. They are normally oval or globe shaped.
Seeds of some species are attacked by the caterpillars of Agathiphaga, some of the most primitive of all living moths.
Uses
Various species of kauri give diverse
Evolutionary history
Within Araucariaceae, Agathis is more closely related to Wollemia than to Araucaria. The oldest fossils currently confidently assignable to Agathis are those of Agathis immortalis from the Salamanca Formation of Patagonia, which dates to the Paleocene, approximately 64.67–63.49 million years ago. Agathis-like leaves are also known from the slightly older Lefipán Formation of the same region, which date to the very end of the Cretaceous.[5] Other fossils of the genus are known from the Eocene of Patagonia, the Late Paleocene-Miocene of southern Australia, and the Oligocene-Miocene of New Zealand.[6] Agathis-like remains are also found in the older Bahariya Formation of Egypt.
Species list
Phylogeny of Agathis[7][8] | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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- Accepted species[1]
Image | Scientific name | Common Name | Distribution |
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Agathis atropurpurea | black kauri, blue kauri | Queensland, Australia | |
Agathis australis | New Zealand kauri | North Island, New Zealand | |
Agathis borneensis | Borneo kauri | western Malesia, Borneo | |
Agathis dammara | Sulawesi kauri | Philippines, Sulawesi, Maluku Islands | |
Agathis flavescens | Tahan Agathis | Peninsular Malaysia | |
Agathis kinabaluensis | Kinabalu kauri | Borneo | |
Agathis labillardieri | New Guinea kauri | New Guinea | |
Agathis lanceolata | Koghi kauri | New Caledonia | |
Agathis lenticula | Sabah kauri | Borneo | |
Agathis macrophylla (syn. A. vitiensis) | Pacific kauri, dakua | Fiji, Vanuatu, Solomon Islands | |
Agathis microstachya | bull kauri | Queensland, Australia | |
Agathis montana | New Caledonia | ||
Agathis moorei | white kauri | New Caledonia | |
Agathis orbicula | Sarawak kauri | Borneo | |
Agathis ovata | Scrub kauri | New Caledonia | |
Agathis robusta | Queensland kauri | Queensland, Australia; Papua New Guinea | |
Agathis robusta subsp. robusta | Queensland and Papua New Guinea | ||
Agathis robusta subsp. nesophila | New Guinea kauri | Papua New Guinea | |
Agathis silbae | Vanuatu | ||
Agathis zamunerae | Patagonia, South America Argentina |
- Formerly included[1]
Moved to Nageia
- Agathis motleyi - Nageia motleyi
- Agathis veitchii - Nageia nagi
The placement of the fossil species
Gallery
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Te Matua Ngahere, an A. australis in Waipoua Forest, the oldest (and 2nd largest) tree in New Zealand
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Trunk of the Yakas kauri (7th largest)
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Agathis lanceolata
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Agathis ovata
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Agathis macrophylla
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Agathis robusta
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Agathis borneensis
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Agathis australis male pollen cone
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Scale from Agathis australis female cone
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Agathis australis cone
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Agathis australis leaves and cones
References
- ^ a b c d Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
- ^ de Laubenfels, David J. 1988. Coniferales. P. 337–453 in Flora Malesiana, Series I, Vol. 10. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic.
- Commonwealth Forestry Institute.
- Wikidata Q58677501.
- S2CID 51908977.
- PMID 24418576.
- S2CID 232282918.
- )
- ISBN 978-0-9757906-1-8. Archived from the original on 2018-12-03. Retrieved 2021-05-17.)
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: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link
External links
- Systematics of Agathis (archived copy)
- Gymnosperm Database: Agathis
- Kauri forest in Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand
- Threatened Conifers of the World
- https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309508851_A_reconstruction_of_the_palaeoecology_and_environmental_dynamics_of_the_Bahariya_Formation_of_Egypt