Agha Ibrahim Akram
Command and Staff College Quetta | |
---|---|
In office 17 September 1960 – 11 September 1965 | |
Succeeded by | Amjad Ali Chaudhri |
Personal details | |
Born | Agha Ali Ibrahim Akram 22 September 1923 GHQ Colonel Staff HQ 15th Division |
Battles/wars | |
Writing career | |
Genre | Islamic history |
Notable works | Akram, A. I. (2006). The Sword of Allah, Khalid Bin Al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns. (1970) The Muslim Conquest of Persia. (1975) The Muslim Conquest of Egypt and North Africa. (1977) Akram, A. I. (1980). The Muslim Conquest of Spain. (1980) The Falcon of The Quraish Abdur Rahman The Immigrant of Spain. (1991) The Rise of Cordoba. (1992) |
Akram served in several key positions including as Permanent Military Representative of
Akram dedicated his books, The Muslim Conquest of Egypt and North Africa to his son Hassan, The Muslim Conquest of Spain to his son Masood, The Falcon of The Quraish: Abdur Rahman The Immigrant of Spain to his brother Mahmud, and The Rise of Cordoba to his late wife Loge. Akram was fluent in
In the 1980s, Akram stated he opposed nuclear weapons and suggested that Pakistan and other developing countries should use nuclear energy. Akram expected that by the end of the 20th century, only about 10 countries would have nuclear weapons.[23][24]
Early life
Akram was born in
Personal life
Akram was married to his wife Loge, who died before him. They have three children, daughter Yasmin, and sons Hassan and Masood.[26]
British Indian Army career
Akram was commissioned as a second lieutenant in the 13th Frontier Force Rifles of the British Indian Army on 26 November 1942, receiving a promotion on 26 August 1943 as a War substantive Lieutenant.[25]
During
Pakistan army career
After the
In September 1949, Pakistan among several countries received an invitation to attend the Harbnen Medal presentation by the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene of the United Kingdom. Pakistan accepted the invitation and Major A. I. Akram represented the country.[32]
Akram was the Assistant Army Liaison officer of Pakistan at the High Commission of Pakistan, London in 1951.[33]
Colonel Akram taught military history as Chief Instructor at
Colonel Akram was appointed as Colonel Staff HQ 15 Division on 20 September during the
Brigadier Akram was the Parade commander of the
His first book, The Sword of Allah is about the life and campaigns of Khalid ibn al-Walid which was published during his army service in 1970 after a five year effort, including visiting battle-fields in Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia for research. It has two English editions and has been translated into Urdu, Arabic, German, French and Bahasa.[42]
On 6 July 1971,
During a parade in Multan, on 2 May 1974, both the 7 FF and 10 FF received their regimental colors together. Major General A.I. Akram, the Colonel Commandant of the FF Regiment, made the presentation.[45]
While Akram was Pakistan's Permanent Military Deputy to
The Muslim Conquest of Egypt and North Africa was his third book, published in 1977, which also took four years of preparations and visits to Egypt and Tunisia.[42]
Hamoodur Rehman Commission report
Major General Akram was not involved in the Bangladesh genocide as he was posted at the Western Front to defend Pakistan's borders against the Indian Army, later appearing as Witness Number 139 in the Hamoodur Rahman Commission report.[47]
Consideration for the role of Chief of Army Staff
In March 1976, several generals were in consideration for the role of
In order of seniority, these officers were Muhammad Shariff, Muhammed Akbar Khan, Aftab Ahmad Khan, Azmat Baksh Awan, Agha Ibrahim Akram, Majeed Malik, and Ghulam Jilani Khan. Prime Minister Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had a personal rapport with all these generals but superseded them for the most junior Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq, who would later be responsible for hanging Bhutto.[48][49][50]
Akram retired from the Pakistan Army on 8 April 1978.[51][52]
Military research papers
Akram, A. I. (1958). "On Relative Strengths". Pakistan Army Journal.
Diplomatic career
On 9 April 1978, Akram assumed charge as Officer on Special Duty Grade 20 at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.[53]
On 12 May 1978, President
Here, Akram learned Spanish and wrote his book The Muslim Conquest of Spain, which was the last book Akram published while he was alive in 1980.[56] To research for writing all these books he learned Arabic, Persian and Spanish and collected an impressive library of historical works.
Akram's tenure ended on 30 September 1980.[57][58]
Later life
On 24 March 1981, Akram was elected as Chairman Rawalpindi Club.[59]
He founded the Institute of Regional Studies in March 1982 and remained its president till his death.[60]
On 27 February 1984, Akram disclosed that
Death
Akram died on 4 March 1989 in Islamabad, Pakistan at the age of 65.[62]
Posthumous book releases
Akram's final books The Falcon of The Quraish: Abdur Rahman The Immigrant of Spain and The Rise of Cordoba were published after his death.[63][20]
Books
- Akram, A. I. (1970). The Sword of Allah Khalid Bin Al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns.
- Akram, A. I. (1975). The Muslim Conquest of Persia.
- Akram, A. I. (1977). The Muslim Conquest of Egypt and North Africa.
- Akram, A. I. (1980). The Muslim Conquest of Spain. Army Education Press G.H.Q., Rawalpindi.
- Akram, A. I. (1991). The Falcon of The Quraish: Abdur Rahman The Immigrant of Spain. Army Education Press G.H.Q., Rawalpindi.
- Akram, A. I. (1992). The Rise of Cordoba. Army Education Press G.H.Q., Rawalpindi.
Awards and decorations
Hilal-e-Imtiaz
(Crescent of Excellence) |
Sitara-e-Imtiaz
(Star of Excellence) |
Sitara-e-Khidmat
(Star of Service) (SK) | |
Sitara-e-Harb 1965 War
(War Star 1965) |
Sitara-e-Harb 1971 War
(War Star 1971) |
Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War
(War Medal 1965) |
Tamgha-e-Diffa
(General Service Medal) 1. 2. |
Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War
(War Medal 1971) |
Pakistan Tamgha
1947 |
Tamgha-e-Jamhuria
(Republic Commemoration Medal) 1956 |
1939-1945 Star
|
Burma Star | War Medal
|
India Service Medal | Queen Elizabeth II
(1953) |
Foreign Decorations
Foreign Awards | ||
---|---|---|
UK | 1939-1945 Star
|
|
Burma Star | ||
War Medal 1939-1945
|
||
India Service Medal 1939–1945 | ||
Queen Elizabeth II Coronation Medal |
References
- ^ Pakistan (1978). The Gazette of Pakistan. p. 681.
- ^ Rahman, Mohammed Attiqur (1980). The Wardens of the Marches A History of the Piffers, 1947-1971. p. 190.
- ^ Sûrya India. Vol. 8. 1984. p. 71.
- ISBN 978-0-300-24052-8.
- ^ Air University Library Index to Military Periodicals. Vol. 26. 1975.
- ^ Afghanistan Today. 1987.
- ^ Near East/South Asia Report. 1984.
- ^ Azam, Ikram (1992). Geopolitics, Political Geography, and Pakistan. p. 107.
- ^ Indo-Pak Conflicts Over Kashmir. pp. 186, 218.
- ^ The Pakistan Army: With a New Foreword and Epilogue. 1998. p. 166.
- ^ UFO's in the Quran. 2008. p. 102.
- ^ Journal of Peace Studies. Vol. 5. 1998.
- ^ Times of India Illustrated Weekly. Vol. 108. October 1987. pp. 20–21, 45.
- ^ India Today. Vol. 13. 1988.
- ^ Said, Hakim Mohammad (1973). Main Currents of Contemporary Thought in Pakistan: 1970-1972.
- ^ Pakistan, Hamdard Foundation (1990). Dialogue with a Galaxy of Scientists, Culturists, Historians, Educationists...
- ^ Defence Journal. Vol. 6. 2002. p. 139.
- ^ Pakistan (1978). The Gazette of Pakistan. p. 586.
- ^ a b Defence Journal. 1990. p. 12.
- ^ a b The Rise of Cordoba. 1992.
- ^ Akram, A. I. (1980). The Muslim Conquest of Spain. p. 5.
- ISBN 978-969-0-00224-2.
- ^ "War and Peace in the Nuclear Age; Carter's New World; Interview with A. I. Akram". 2 September 1987.
- ^ ACDIS Bulletin. Vol. 4–6. 1982.
- ^ a b c "Indian Army List For October I Part 1". 1945.
- ^ Akram, A. I. (2006). The Sword of Allah Khalid Bin Al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns (Second ed.).
- ^ Haq, Inamul (1999). Memoirs of Insignificance. p. 74.
- ^ a b The Sword of Allah Khalid Bin Al-Waleed, His Life and Campaigns (Second ed.). 2006.
- ^ The Frontier Force Rifles. 1953. p. 176.
- ^ Defence Journal. 1990. p. 13.
- ^ The Asiatic Review. 1949.
- ^ The Journal of the Royal Institute of Public Health and Hygiene. Vol. 12. 1949.
- ^ The Commonwealth Relations Office List. 1951. p. 20.
- ^ Mahdī, Sayyid G̲h̲Affār (1987). Mehdi Papers. Vol. 3. pp. 15, 27.
- ^ "Gallery Chief Instructors". Archived from the original on 2017-03-26.
- ^ South Asia A Strategic Survey · Volume 550, Issue 3. 1966.
- ^ "Chief Instructors Staff College Quetta". Archived from the original on 2017-05-13.
- ^ Qayyum, Abdul (June 2000). The Army's Mosaic of Ideas-III. Archived from the original on 2017-10-26.
- ^ ""A Matter of Honour"". 2002. Archived from the original on 2017-11-16.
- ISBN 978-0-19-989271-6.
- ^ Ikram, Muhammad (1969). The Martial Law Regulations and Orders, 1969 and 1958. p. 36.
- ^ OCLC 191257949.
- ^ Pakistan News Digest. Vol. 19–20. 1971. p. 3.
- ^ The All Pakistan Legal Decisions. Vol. 24. 1972. p. 92.
- ^ Rahman, Mohammed Attiqur (1980). The Wardens of the Marches: History of the Piffers, 1947-1971. p. 190.
- ^ Akram, A. I. (1975). The Muslim Conquest of Persia.
- ^ The Report of the Hamoodur Rehman Commission of Inquiry Into the 1971 War, as Declassified by the Government of Pakistan. p. 314.
- ^ Working with Zia: Pakistan's Power Politics, 1977-1988. 1995. p. 43.
- ^ An Army Its Role & Rule. 2002. p. 300.
- ^ Khaki Shadows: Pakistan 1947-1997. 2001. p. 152.
- ^ The Gazette of Pakistan. 1978. p. 681.
- ISBN 978-0-19-577570-9.
- ^ The Gazette of Pakistan. 1978. p. 322.
- ^ Akram, A. I. (1980). The Muslim Conquest of Spain. Army Education Press GHQ, Rawalpindi. p. XII.
- ^ The Gazette of Pakistan. 1978. p. 371.
- ^ Al-Mashriqi, the Disowned Genius: The Story of a World Revolutionary who was Bogged Down in His Own Country, at Once Inspiring and Painful. 1991. p. 288.
- ^ Pakistan (1980). The Gazette of Pakistan. p. 726.
- ^ Pakistan (1980). The Gazette of Pakistan. p. 479.
- ^ Senate, Pakistan. Parliament (1986). The Senate of Pakistan Debates: official report. p. 264.
- ISBN 978-81-85002-34-7.
- ^ Pakistan Year Book. 1985. p. 238.
- ^ OBITUARY. Vol. 40–45. Pakistan Affairs. 1989.
- ^ The Falcon of The Quraish: Abdur Rahman The Immigrant of Spain. 1991.