Alexander Dennis Enviro400
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Alexander Dennis Enviro400 | ||
---|---|---|
Curb weight 17,800 kilograms (39,200 lb) | | |
Chronology | ||
Predecessor | Alexander ALX400, Dennis Trident 2, Plaxton President | |
Successor | Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC |
The Alexander Dennis Enviro400 is a twin-axle low-floor double-decker bus that was built by the British bus manufacturer Alexander Dennis between 2005 and 2018. It replaced the Alexander ALX400, Dennis Trident (from which the Enviro400 was developed) and Plaxton President. In 2014, the Enviro400 was succeeded by the updated Alexander Dennis Enviro400 MMC and production of the classic Enviro400 ceased in 2018.
The Enviro400 is available both as an integral bus and as a standalone bodywork and chassis. The Enviro400 chassis replaced the
The engine of the integral Enviro400 is a
Development
First generation (2005–2010)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/National_Express_4769_%28BV57_XKN%29_and_4883_%28BX13_JVO%29_-_53047262002_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-National_Express_4769_%28BV57_XKN%29_and_4883_%28BX13_JVO%29_-_53047262002_%28cropped%29.jpg)
The Enviro400 was originally launched as an integral product. Soon after launch, the Enviro400 chassis became available with
As well as an integral bus, the Enviro400 body was available on
As well as the
Second generation (2008–2018)
Alexander Dennis released the second generation Enviro400 at Euro Bus Expo in 2008, with the main external visual differences being the incorporation of a line of white
The second generation Enviro400 was superseded by the Enviro400 MMC in 2015 in the UK with no more orders, but in 2016 Alexander Dennis developed a low-height Enviro400 with Enviro400 MMC-style front and rear specifically for Hong Kong market.[4]
Powertrain variants
Integral Enviro400
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/2014_LBPT_Spring_rally_%2813828565254%29.jpg/220px-2014_LBPT_Spring_rally_%2813828565254%29.jpg)
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/First_Manchester_33736_SN12ANP_%288685877847%29.jpg/220px-First_Manchester_33736_SN12ANP_%288685877847%29.jpg)
London operator Metroline was the first company to order the Enviro400, ordering 28 for route 24 in June 2005, entering service at the end of the year.[5] One dual door demonstrator, named Spirit of London, was delivered to Stagecoach London to replace the Dennis Trident destroyed during the 7 July 2005 London bombings[6] and a single door demonstrator was delivered to the then Travel West Midlands for evaluation. Both prototypes were exhibited at Coach & Bus Live 2005 in the National Exhibition Centre in Birmingham.[5]
The Enviro400 had sold well in London with a number of operators, such as Travel London and London General (which received the first Euro IV-engined Enviro400 in May 2006), operating these buses. It is also popular with Stagecoach, which placed its first order of 130 low-height models in February 2006, later followed by another 389 buses with Euro IV/V engines.
Arriva UK Bus also received Enviro400s for its group operations; Arriva Merseyside relaunched its Wirral - Liverpool 'Cross River' services with a batch of 23 in January 2009. A further batch of 12 was allocated to Bootle depot in September 2009 originally for the cross-Liverpool trunk service 60 linking Bootle with Aigburth. A much larger order of 128 Enviro400s was placed by Arriva Merseyside division from the onwards, with the first 28 arriving in the autumn of 2014 and the remainder being delivered between January and July 2015 to Bootle, Green Lane, St Helens, Southport and Speke depots. Arriva Buses Wales, meanwhile, received a total of 29 high specification Enviro400s between June 2014 and March 2015 for deployment on two new Sapphire services serving Rhyl to Llandudno and Chester to Connah's Quay respectively.[7]
The FirstGroup received a large intake of Enviro400s ahead of both the 2012 Summer Olympics and the 2014 Commonwealth Games, which were held in London and Glasgow respectively. These operated under the license of First Games Transport, providing shuttle services throughout the Games before being dispersed to other operators within the FirstGroup following the Games' conclusion. 60 Enviro400s were delivered to Glasgow in 2014.[8][9] Later in 2014, eighteen Enviro400s were delivered to First West Yorkshire for operation in Leeds.[10]
In 2008, a specially converted Enviro400 was assembled in
In 2012, Southern Vectis received 20 for school contracts on the Isle of Wight. These were delivered during late December 2012 and early January 2013 and entered service on a wide variety of school services on the island from 7 January 2013.[13] Southern Vectis then proceeded to order ten more Enviro400s to be used on public routes, mainly route 9, which entered service in January 2014,[14] followed by another order for ten Enviro400s which were delivered in 2016.[15][16]
Enviro400H
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Stagecoach_Yorkshire%2C_Alexander_Dennis_Enviro400H_%2812164%2C_YN62_BEY%29_%288665170139%29.jpg/220px-Stagecoach_Yorkshire%2C_Alexander_Dennis_Enviro400H_%2812164%2C_YN62_BEY%29_%288665170139%29.jpg)
Alexander Dennis launched the
Outside of London, the Enviro400H was popular with the Stagecoach Group, who starting in 2010, ordered examples delivered in a green variant of the standard Stagecoach livery for their
Other operators who purchased Enviro400Hs included National Express West Midlands and
Scania Enviro400
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Scania_AlexanderDennis_Enviro400_EF09_OXF_Oxford_SpeedwellSt.jpg/220px-Scania_AlexanderDennis_Enviro400_EF09_OXF_Oxford_SpeedwellSt.jpg)
Stagecoach standardised on the
Scania N230UDs with Enviro400 bodies fitted with guide wheels were also purchased for use on the
Another significant operator of Scania Enviro400s is Nottingham City Transport, who ordered a total of 62 Scania N230UD Enviro400s, with first deliveries beginning in 2014.[42] Further examples were delivered throughout 2014 and 2015, with most receiving colour-coded route branding for services across the city. These Scania Enviro400s were delivered with audio-visual next stop announcements, mood lighting and leather seating.[43][44]
The Oxford Bus Company received eleven high-specification Scania Enviro400s in 2009 for service on the Brookesbus network.[45] Wilts & Dorset also received some examples.[citation needed] Two were delivered to independent operator Stephensons of Essex in 2013.[46]
Volvo Enviro400
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Dublin_Bus%2C_Volvo_B9TL_Alexander_Dennis_Enviro400_%2807-D-30001%29_%288203457462%29.jpg/220px-Dublin_Bus%2C_Volvo_B9TL_Alexander_Dennis_Enviro400_%2807-D-30001%29_%288203457462%29.jpg)
On 13 October 2006, Solent Blue Line received a Volvo B7TL/Enviro400 meeting the Euro III emission standard, with the interior in Wilts & Dorset livery. This remains a one-off as all subsequent Enviro400s on Volvo chassis were built on the B9TL chassis. An Arriva demonstrator was shown at Euro Bus Expo in 2006 to the latter standard.
Irish municipal operator
Exports
Globally, more than 6,000 integral Enviro400s have been sold as of January 2016.[3]
Hong Kong
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/3855_at_Stanley_Village_%2820181126103604%29.jpg/220px-3855_at_Stanley_Village_%2820181126103604%29.jpg)
Compared to the more predominant Alexander Dennis Enviro500, a small number of air-conditioned Enviro400s were exported to bus operators in Hong Kong following demonstration trials with the operators.
The first operators of Enviro400s in Hong Kong were Citybus, who after trialling two Enviro400 demonstrators developed for the Hong Kong market in 2009, took delivery of 38 Enviro400s in 2011, which were then followed by an additional 20 in 2013.
Kowloon Motor Bus also took delivery of 50 Enviro400s between 2012 and 2013, which were followed by the MTR Corporation taking delivery of nine Enviro400s for MTR Bus services in 2012; an additional two Enviro400s were delivered in 2018.
New World First Bus took delivery of 60 low-height Enviro400s with Enviro400 MMC facelift bodies between 2016 and 2017, while fellow NWS Holdings subsidiary New Lantao Bus also took delivery of 14 similar low-height Enviro400s, which began entering service from October 2018.
North America
![](http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Alexander_Dennis_Enviro_400_%2816302529900%29.jpg/220px-Alexander_Dennis_Enviro_400_%2816302529900%29.jpg)
The Enviro400 was introduced to North America exclusively as an
On 11 November 2010, Alexander Dennis announced it had received an order for 10 Enviro400s from Coach USA subsidiary Twin America, in New York.[50]
See also
- List of buses
- Spirit of London, an Enviro400 built to replace the bus destroyed in the 7 July 2005 London bombings.
References
- ^ a b c "Enviro400 Specification Sheet" (PDF). Alexander Dennis. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 March 2012. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ "ADL makes new links with MAN and Scania". Bus & Coach Professional. 30 January 2007. Archived from the original on 8 November 2007. Retrieved 13 February 2024.
- ^ a b "Bus Lists on the Web". buslistsontheweb.co.uk. Retrieved 4 May 2018.
- ISBN 9789629200480.
- ^ ISBN 9781473862333. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
- ^ "Mayor of London unveils 'Spirit of London' bus". Greater London Authority. 3 October 2005. Archived from the original on 12 January 2015. Retrieved 11 January 2015.
- ^ Morgan, Mike (11 August 2016). "Wales, the Arriva way". RouteOne. Retrieved 6 June 2022.
- ^ McCulloch, Scott (3 July 2014). "FirstGroup takes delivery of new bus fleet ahead of Commonwealth Games". Scottish Business Insider. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
- ^ "First makes £20m investment in new vehicles ahead of Commonwealth Games". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough. 17 July 2014. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
- ^ "Regional news". Coach & Bus Week. No. 1160. Peterborough. 21 October 2014. p. 12. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
- ^ "Enviro 400 takes centre stage at Olympics". TransportXtra. London. 29 August 2008. Retrieved 9 May 2022.(subscription required)
- ^ "2008 Olympic Handover Segment: Beijing & London" (PDF). Stage One Limited. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ "New double deckers for Southern Vectis". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough. 8 January 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ "Enviro400s go to Isle of Wight". Bus & Coach Buyer. Peterborough. 24 February 2014. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ "Southern Vectis shows off new fleet". Bus & Coach Buyer. Peterborough. 2 June 2016. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ Toogood, Darren (25 May 2016). "Southern Vectis launches 10 new buses". Island Echo. Isle of Wight. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ Jack, Doug (1 February 2009). "London looks to hybrids at Euro Bus Expo". BUSride. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ "London steps up hybrid trials". Bus & Coach Professional. 3 December 2008. Archived from the original on 6 December 2008. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
- ^ "London United reaches a million hybrid miles". Coach & Bus Week. No. 1000. Peterborough. 24 August 2011. p. 7. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
- ^ "Stagecoach's electric hybrid buses launch in Oxford". BBC News. 15 June 2010. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ "Stagecoach Yorkshire launches new hybrid fleet". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough. 4 October 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ "Stagecoach Manchester P&R plan". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough. 6 June 2012. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ "More Stagecoach hybrids". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ "Stagecoach launches £7m eco-bus fleet" (Press release). Newcastle upon Tyne: Nexus. 3 July 2011. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ^ "New ADL & Volvo hybrids for NXWM". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough. 19 March 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ "Dundee to get nine new hybrid-electric buses to cut CO2 emissions". BBC News. 13 May 2013. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ "Hull's new fleet of fuel-efficient buses hit the road". BBC News. 8 April 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ a b c "Enviro400Hs lose their H". Buses. Stamford: Key Publishing. 20 April 2017. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
- ^ "Reading Transport launches hybrid bus fleet". TransportXtra. London. 7 December 2010. Retrieved 10 May 2022.(subscription required)
- ^ "Lothian Buses Launches hybrid fleet". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough. 13 September 2011. Retrieved 9 May 2022.
- ^ Cole, David (4 January 2017). "Purple park and ride". Bus & Coach Buyer. Peterborough. Retrieved 15 May 2022.
- ProQuest 426006158.
- ^ "Stagecoach Gold expands in Oxfordshire". TransportXtra. London. 17 March 2010. Retrieved 4 March 2023.(subscription required)
- ^ Rivett, Jennifer (11 March 2010). "New Stagecoach fleet sets gold standard for West Oxon". Oxford Mail. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ "Stagecoach X4 route goes gold". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough. 30 November 2011. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ Everett, Steve (14 November 2014). "Golden era for bus travel with £1.2m investment". Yorkshire Business Daily. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ProQuest 218373271.
- ^ Stewart, Steve (6 October 2008). "Stagecoach invests £3 million in state-of-the-art vehicles for world's longest guided busway". Stagecoach Group (Press release). Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ^ "Stagecoach orders new vehicles for Cambridge operations". Stagecoach Group (Press release). 22 September 2014. Retrieved 4 March 2023.
- ProQuest 1364657402.
- ^ "InterConnect 6 service fleet upgrade". Coach & Bus Week. Peterborough. 11 April 2012. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
- ^ Harrison, Matt (14 January 2014). "Nottingham City Transport gets first Enviro400s". Transport Designed. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
- ^ "NCT launches more ADL Scanias". Bus & Coach Buyer. Peterborough. 25 February 2014. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
- ^ "NCT invests £3m in Turquoise route". Bus & Coach Buyer. Peterborough. 16 September 2015. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
- ^ Walker, Chris (30 June 2009). "New Brookesbus operator offers free wi-fi Internet". Oxford Mail. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
- ^ "Stephensons take Scania/ADL pair". Bus & Coach Buyer. Peterborough. 18 July 2013. Retrieved 7 June 2022.
- ProQuest 333384040.
- ^ "Alexander Dennis riding high". Bus & Coach Professional. 17 January 2007. Archived from the original on 21 January 2007. Retrieved 15 July 2022.
- ISBN 978-1-52674-963-5. Retrieved 10 May 2022.
- ^ "ADL gears up for export drive with diesel and hybrid models". Alexander Dennis. Archived from the original on 18 July 2012. Retrieved 2 November 2010.
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