Allocasuarina verticillata

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Allocasuarina verticillata

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)[1]
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Fagales
Family: Casuarinaceae
Genus: Allocasuarina
Species:
A. verticillata
Binomial name
Allocasuarina verticillata
Occurrence data from AVH
Synonyms
List
    • Casuarina excelsa
      nom. illeg.
      , nom. superfl.
    • Casuarina gunnii
      Miq.
    • Casuarina macrocarpa Miq. nom. inval., pro syn.
    • Casuarina macrocarpa Miq. nom. inval., pro syn.
    • Casuarina quadrivalvis
      Labill.
    • Casuarina quadrivalvis var. macrocarpa Miq.
    • Casuarina quadrivalvis Labill. var. quadrivalvis
    • Casuarina quadrivalvis var. spectabilis Miq.
    • Casuarina stricta Aiton
    • Casuarina stricta Aiton var. stricta
    • Casuarina tortuosa
      A.Henry
    • Casuarina verticillata Lam.

Allocasuarina verticillata, commonly known as drooping sheoak,

endemic to south-eastern Australia. It is a small dioecious
tree that has drooping branchlets up to 400 mm (16 in) long, the leaves reduced to scales in whorls of nine to thirteen, the mature fruiting cones 20–50 mm (0.79–1.97 in) long containing winged seeds 7–12 mm (0.28–0.47 in) long.

Description

Allocasuarina verticillata is a small dioecious tree that typically grows to a height of 4–10 m (13–33 ft) and has fissured bark, the penultimate branchlets woody. The branchlets are up to 400 mm (16 in) long, the leaves reduced to spreading teeth 0.7–1.2 mm (0.028–0.047 in) long, usually arranged in whorls of nine to thirteen around the branchlets. The sections of branchlet between the leaf whorls are 15–40 mm (0.59–1.57 in) long, 0.7–1.5 mm (0.028–0.059 in) in diameter but broader at the end near the teeth. Male flowers are arranged in spikes 30–120 mm (1.2–4.7 in) long, with about 2.5 to 4 whorls per centimetre (per 0.39 in.), the anthers 1.2–2.5 mm (0.047–0.098 in) long. Female cones are sessile or on a peduncle up to 10 mm (0.39 in) long, the mature cones cylindrical to barrel-shaped, 25–50 mm (0.98–1.97 in) long and 17–30 mm (0.67–1.18 in) in diameter, containing dark brown, winged seeds 7–12 mm (0.28–0.47 in) long. Flowering occurs in all months.[3][4][5][6]

Taxonomy and naming

Drooping sheoak was first formally described in 1788 by French naturalist

Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens.[9][10] The specific epithet (verticillata) means "verticillate".[11]

The 1889 book The Useful Native Plants of Australia records common names of the plant included "shingle oak", "coast she-oak", " river oak", " salt-water swamp oak" and was called "worgnal" by the indigenous people of the Richmond and Clarence River areas of New South Wales. It also records that, "In cases of severe thirst, great relief may be obtained from chewing the foliage of this and other species, which, being of an acid nature, produces a flow of saliva — a fact well-known to bushmen who have traversed waterless portions of the country. This acid is closely allied to citric acid, and may prove identical with it. Children chew the young cones, which they call 'oak apples'."[12]

Distribution and habitat

Allocasuarina verticillata usually grows in grassy woodland, sometimes forming pure stands and sometimes with eucalypts. It is also found on rocky sea coasts and on dry ridges inland. In New South Wales it occurs on rocky hills south from Cobar and on coastal shale south from Sydney. It is widespread in Victoria, extending westwards to the Flinders Ranges, Gawler Ranges, western Eyre Peninsula and Kangaroo Island in South Australia. In Tasmania, the species is found near Launceston and on the east coast as far south Hobart and the Tasman Peninsula.[3][4][5][6][13]

Uses

Aboriginal Australians make use of the tree for a range of tasks.[14] The Ngunnawal people make tools including boomerangs from the tree's timber.[14] Mature cones are used as children's toys.[14]

Ecology

On Kangaroo Island, A. verticillata is the preferred food of the glossy black cockatoo, which holds the cones in its foot and shreds them with its powerful bill before removing the seeds with its tongue.[15]

Biochemistry

ellagitannins have been found in this species.[16]

Gallery

  • Penultimate woody branchlets
    Penultimate woody branchlets
  • Photosynthetic stems (phylloclades)
    Photosynthetic stems (phylloclades)
  • Female inflorescence
    Female inflorescence
  • Female inflorescence and cones developing on inner branches
    Female inflorescence and cones developing on inner branches
  • Mature cone
    Mature cone

References

  1. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T177363628A177368921.en
    . Retrieved 14 August 2021.
  2. ^ a b "Allocasuarina verticillata". Australian Plant Census. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  3. ^ a b c "Allocasuarina verticillata". Australian Biological Resources Study, Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment: Canberra. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  4. ^ a b Entwisle, Timothy J.; Stajsic, Val. "Allocasuarina verticillata". Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  5. ^ a b Wilson, Karen L.; Johnson, Lawrence A.S. "Allocasuarina verticillata". Royal Botanic Garden Sydney. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  6. ^ a b "Allocasuarina verticillata". State Herbarium of South Australia. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  7. ^ "Casuarina verticillata". APNI. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  8. ^ Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste (1788). Poiret, Jean L.M. (ed.). Encyclopédie Méthodique, Botanique. Paris, Liège: Panckoucke. p. 501. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  9. ^ "Allocasuarina verticillata". APNI. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  10. ^ Johnson, Lawrence A.S. (1982). "Notes on Casuarinaceae II". Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. 6 (1): 79. Retrieved 24 August 2023.
  11. ISBN 9780958034180
    .
  12. ^ J. H. Maiden (1889). The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania. Turner and Henderson, Sydney.
  13. ^ Jordan, Greg. "Allocasuarina verticillata". University of Tasmania. Retrieved 25 August 2023.
  14. ^
    ISBN 978-1-921117-15-2
    .
  15. doi:10.1046/j.1442-9993.2001.01093.x
    .
  16. doi:10.1039/P19830001765
    .

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Allocasuarina verticillata.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Allocasuarina_verticillata&oldid=1220015130"