Launceston, Tasmania

Launceston (

The first inhabitants of the area of Launceston were largely nomadic Aboriginal Tasmanians believed to have been part of the Northern Midlands Nations. Three Nations made up the area around so called Launceston, the Stoney Creek Nation, Tyerenotepanner; Panninher and Lettermairrener.^{[citation needed]}

The first white explorers did not arrive until 1798, when George Bass and Matthew Flinders were sent to explore the possibility that there was a strait between Australia and Van Diemen's Land (now Tasmania). They originally landed in Port Dalrymple (the mouth of the Tamar River), 40 kilometres (25 mi) to the north-west of Launceston.^[12]

The first significant colonial settlement in the region dates from 1804, when the commandant of the colonial garrison. Lt. Col. William Paterson, and his men set up a camp on the current site of George Town. A few weeks later, the settlement was moved across the river to York Town, and a year later was moved to its definitive position where Launceston stands.^[13]

Initially, the settlement was called Patersonia; however, Paterson later changed the name to Launceston in honour of the

The geographical area in which Launceston is now located was previously occupied by the Aboriginal Tasmanian Letteremairrener people. The Letteremairrener country encompasses most of the Tamar Valley region. In 1804, reports from early European voyagers describe a number of Letteremairrener camps, consisting of up to ten bark huts located on either side of the Tamar River.^[15] Extensive archeological evidence suggests that occupation and usage of the Tamar basin can be dated from at least 7,000 years ago, although it was likely used as long as 35,000 years ago.^[16] The Letteremairrener, as seasonal hunter-gatherers, spent the winter months near George Town and the summer months residing on Ben Lomond, before returning to the banks of the Tamar River for the mutton-bird season.^[17] Campbell Macknight characterizes early colonial contact with the Letteremairrener people as a mixture of fear, curiosity and aggression.^[18] After several aggressive encounters prompted by bands of Letteremairrener in 1806, most likely as revenge for the colonists trespassing and hunting on their land without permission, Colonel William Patterson, in charge of the new settlement in Launceston, led a series of putative skirmishes that were ostensibly continued by colonists until 1831.^[19] These conflicts intensified from 1827 until 1831 during the period of the Black War, with genocidal expeditions occurring within the Letteremairrener country and neighbouring areas.^[20]

By 1827, Launceston's population had climbed to 2,000 and the town had become an export centre, mainly for the colony's northern pastoral industry.^[12] Small hotels and breweries began to emerge in the 1820s before larger, more "substantial" hotels were built in the 1830s. Sporting groups, political groups, churches and schools were often established in these hotels; however, they also hosted plays, musical soirees and readings, until theatres were built.^{[citation needed]}

Ships from Launceston carried parties of sealers to the islands of Bass Strait early in the 19th century. They also took whalers to the coast of Victoria in the 1820s and 1830s where they established temporary bay whaling stations.^[21] Some of these temporary communities, such as the ones at Portland Bay and Port Fairy, were the forerunner of permanent settlement of those places. Expeditions from Launceston were involved in the Foundation of Melbourne.

Walter George Arthur, who petitioned Queen Victoria in 1847 while interned with other Aboriginal Tasmanians on Flinders Island,^[22] lived for several years in Launceston as one of numerous homeless children, before being taken into custody by George Augustus Robinson who sent him to the Boys' Orphan School in Hobart in 1832.^[23]

Newer popular team sports such as

Tin was discovered at Mount Bischoff in 1871 in north-western Tasmania, starting a minerals boom. Gold mining commenced about 50 kilometres (31 mi) away in Beaconsfield in 1877.^[12] During the following two decades Launceston grew from a small town into an urban centre. In 1889, Launceston was the second town in Tasmania to be declared a city, after state capital Hobart.^[14] During the late 1880s a small periodical called Launceston Literary contained stories as well as memoirs of the pioneering days of the region. The publication was distributed from a store in the northern end of the town, and while largely forgotten today, was at the time considered relatively popular, if at times controversial.

Population

According to the 2021 census the population of Launceston is 76,849. Launceston is the 21st most populous city in Australia.^[25]

• Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.5% of the population.
• 79.2% of people were born in Australia. The next most common countries of birth were England 2.9%, Nepal 1.6%, India 1.5%, China 0.9% and New Zealand 0.8%.
• 85.1% of people spoke only English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Nepali 2.3%, Mandarin 1.2%, Punjabi 0.5%, Urdu 0.4% and Vietnamese 0.3%.
• The most common responses for religion were No Religion 47.9%, Anglican 13.8% and Catholic 12.1%.^[3]

City of Gastronomy

Launceston's designation as a UNESCO City of Gastronomy in 2021 signifies global acknowledgment of this gastronomic paradise. While this recognition affirms Tasmania's stature on the world stage, it also underscores the regional zeal for gastronomy. Over the last decade, there has been a noticeable surge in the number of producers and entrepreneurs delving into the world of gastronomy, ranging from gin, whisky, truffles, and wasabi, to hemp, snap frozen fruit, and wagyu beef.^{[citation needed]}

Geography

Launceston is at 41°26′31″S 147°8′42″E / 41.44194°S 147.14500°E / -41.44194; 147.14500 in the Tamar Valley, Northern Tasmania. The valley was formed by volcanic and glacial forces over 10 million years ago.^[26][27] The city is about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south of the Bass Strait, with its closest neighbour-city being Devonport, about 99 kilometres (62 mi) to the north west.^[28] Launceston combines steep (originally heavily wooded) ridges and low-lying areas (originally wetlands – with parts of the suburbs of Inveresk and Invermay below high-tide level).^[29] As a result, areas of Launceston are subject to

Launceston is situated at the confluence of the South Esk River and the North Esk River, forming the Tamar River estuary. It is used for commercial and recreational shipping and boating. In earlier years, oceangoing shipping used the river to obtain access to the Port of Launceston wharves located in the city centre and Invermay. The Port for Launceston is now located at the George Town suburb of

Flooding and levee system

Since the 1960s, parts of Launceston have been protected by a series of flood

Launceston has an oceanic, temperate climate,^[38] with four distinct seasons. The city is located in the

Winters are cool with minimum temperatures dropping below 2 °C (36 °F) an average of 61 days a year. The coldest month is July, with an average temperature range of 2.2 to 12.5 °C (36 to 55 °F). The lowest recorded minimum at Launceston's current weather station, Ti Tree Bend was −5.2 °C (22.6 °F) on 21 July 1991. Launceston very rarely receives snowfall, with snow falling in 1951 and 1986, and again on 3 August 2015, when most of the state received snowfall due to a cold front moving up from Antarctica.^[39] On the night of 4 August 2020, Launceston received an inch of snow on the ground, with varying levels around the state.^[40]

Winter, for Launceston, is also the season with the least amount of wind. Because of this and the topographical effect of the Tamar Valley, Launceston winters are renowned for foggy mornings, with Launceston Airport the most fog-bound commercial airport in Australia. The average annual rainfall, with moderate to low variability, is 665 mm (26 in), falling on an average of 88.4 days a year. The most rain Ti Tree Bend has received in a year was 829.6 millimetres (32.66 in) in 1992, though Launceston Airport received 953.1 millimetres (37.52 in) in 1956. As in most of Tasmania 2006 was the driest year when just 394.8 millimetres (15.54 in) fell.^[41][42][43]

The Bureau of Meteorology reported that 2007 was the warmest year ever recorded in Launceston since temperatures were first recorded in 1884. Temperatures ranged from a minimum of 8.1 °C (46.6 °F) to a maximum of 19.2 °C (66.6 °F). During 2006 and 2007, Launceston had the hottest maxima throughout the state. In 2008, Launceston had the highest average maximum temperature out of all Tasmanian cities with 18.6 °C (65.5 °F).^{[41][44][45][46]}

Architecture

This is at least in part a matter of deliberate policy – concerns that high rise development might compromise the character of the city centre have led to strictly enforced building regulations that restrict the height of new structures in the city, so that most buildings in the CBD have fewer than five storeys.[54]

Governance

Legana and parts of Trevallyn are part of the West Tamar Council; Prospect Vale and Blackstone Heights are included in the Meander Valley Council

.

Launceston City Council meetings are held in the Launceston Town Hall. The Mayor of the City of Launceston uses the honorific

Janie Dickenson became the youngest female elected mayor in Australia.^[55]

The current mayor is Matthew Garwood, elected in 2023. The first previous mayor, Albert Van Zetten, was initially elected in 2007, before being re-elected in 2009, 2011, 2014 and 2018.^[56] State Upper House seats that incorporate parts of Launceston are the Electoral Divisions of Paterson, Windermere and Rosevears. For federal elections, Launceston falls within the Division of Bass, with the sitting member being Bridget Archer for the Liberal Party of Australia, who won the seat in the 2019 election. The state Lower House seat is also called the Division of Bass, and is one of the five electorates in the Tasmanian House of Assembly. Both federal and state seats share common boundaries.

Flag

The Launceston flag design is based on the city's Coat of Arms granted by the College of Arms, London on 11 June 1957.^[57] The Brisbane Street Mall, the War memorial at Royal Park, atop the Council Chambers and on top of the Albert Hall are places in the city where the flag is regularly flown. Flying the flag is restricted to Council Property. The three intersecting lines in the flag represent the city's three rivers (North Esk, South Esk and Tamar) and the two rectangles in the lines represent tin ingots. The strip across the top with the jagged edge is green to represent the city's parks, gardens and surrounding countryside. Waratah flowers at the top symbolise all flowers and similar beauties of nature. The ingots are included because Launceston used to be a large tin-smelting centre. The little circle at the river junction is Launceston.

Economy

See also: Economy of Tasmania

Along with being a major retail centre with an average of 75% of market share in surrounding local councils, Launceston is a major service centre for the north of Tasmania.^[58] The city is home to a campus of the University of Tasmania including the Australian Maritime College and also has a minor minerals and manufacturing base.

Launceston is a major hub for the regional agricultural and pastoral activities. Historically, this has been connected with the growing of apples – in recent years the stress has moved to

Tasmanian Institute of Agricultural Research

which operates the Mount Pleasant Research Laboratories in the Launceston suburb of Prospect.

Tourism

Launceston serves as the commercial hub for the north of Tasmania, and like many parts of the state, is becoming a major tourist centre. Visitors to the city have grown over the past few years: during 2004 Launceston attracted 412,800 visitors, up 51% from 2001. The United Kingdom is the origin of 25% of all international visitors to the city and 17% originate from the United States.

City Park, located next to the city centre. City Park is home to Albert Hall. The park also has a large enclosure for Japanese macaque monkeys, a gift from sister city Ikeda, Japan.^[63] The Launceston General Post Office is a heritage-listed building that dates back to the 1880s, with a clock tower added in the early twentieth century. The GPO clock chime chimes every quarter-hour, twenty-four hours a day.^[64] Tasmania Zoo, which is known for its wildlife conservation work, including a breeding program for Tasmanian devils, is located near the city.^[65]

Culture

Arts and entertainment

Launceston's Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery was established in 1891.^[66][67] Now the largest museum located outside a capital city in Australia, the Queen Victoria Museum and Art Gallery is located at two sites across the city: the original purpose built building at Royal Park and another at the Inveresk Cultural Precinct, on the grounds of the former railway station and rail yards in buildings largely converted from the former Railway Workshops.^[68] The precinct also includes the Launceston Tramway Museum, which houses the No. 29 tram, the 'Mary St' shelter shed and a host of other memorabilia.^[69] The state's largest preservation railway, the Don River Railway, also has a carriage rebuilding workshop on the site. Australia's oldest bookshop, A.W. Birchall & Sons (Birchalls) dating from November 1844, was closed in 2017^[70]

Princess Theatre

Located in the Southern Launceston suburb of Prospect, the Country Club Casino is a hotel, casino and golf course complex. It was the second casino to be built in Tasmania and one of the first in Australia. Launceston Aquatic, a $26.3 million regional aquatic centre was completed in July 2009. The site, just outside the central business district spans about 6,450 square metres (69,400 sq ft).^[71][72][73]

From 1999 to 2003, Launceston was the site of three of the four Gone South music festivals. From 2006 to 2011, it hosted the MS Fest, a music festival held at the Inveresk Show grounds each summer to raise funds for multiple sclerosis research.^[74] This has since been replaced with the Breath of Life Festival from 2012 to 2014, a similar event held at the Inveresk show grounds to raise funds for lung cancer research.^[75]

Launceston is also the host of the Junction Arts Festival. The Junction Arts Festival was first held in 2010, and spans five days in the Launceston CBD each year.^[76] The Festival program changes each year, and includes various art forms, including music, dance, visual and interactive art, short films and live performances, from local, national and international artists.^[77]

Sport

See also: Sport in Tasmania

Sport is a popular recreational and spectator activity in Launceston and like most of the state, cricket and Australian rules football are popular sports. The city has been the birthplace of two prominent Australian cricketers; the former Australian cricket captain Ricky Ponting and the retired cricketer and Australian selector David Boon. The first first-class cricket match played in Australia was at the Northern Tasmania Cricket Association Ground between the Melbourne Cricket Club and the Launceston Cricket Club in 1851.^[78]

Melbourne Victory have held a pre-season cup game at the venue each year since 2006. The record crowd is 8,061.^[80]

Launceston is not represented by an

NRL Football Club or an AFL

Football Club, though both sports have clubs playing at a local level.

Tasmanian Rugby League

and were minor premiers in the 2012–2013 season.

Since 2004, the

V8 Supercars (Tasmanian Challenge) has been annually held at the recently re-developed Symmons Plains Raceway, which is around 30 km south of Launceston.^[81]

Marcos Ambrose, driver of the number 9 Richard Petty Motorsports car is most likely America's most notable Launceston native. A number of other sports have notable presence in Launceston, including basketball (men's, women's and indoor) and hockey. In 2009 Launceston redeveloped the city's swimming facilities which now include a modern indoor multimillion-dollar swimming centre at windmill hill, now named Launceston Aquatic.

The city co-hosted the basketball

Australian national basketball team

won the gold medal.

Media

Launceston's local newspaper

Nine Entertainment Co (Nine having merged with Fairfax Media in 2018). Another local media site is The Tasmanian Times

.

Along with the rest of the state, the city has four free-to-air television stations, including two government funded channels from the

10 Shake

(on TDT).

Radio stations aired around Launceston are:

7RPH which is a relay of 864 AM from Hobart.^[83][84]

Infrastructure

Health

Launceston General Hospital is Launceston's 300-bed public hospital, located just south of the city centre. Every year, LGH treats over 24,000 inpatients and over 225,000 outpatients. St Lukes Private Hospital and St Vincent's Hospital are the major private facilities. Launceston was also the location of the first use of anaesthesia in the Southern Hemisphere.^[85] Launceston is also the hub for the state's medical retrieval service. The Royal Flying Doctor Service supplies an aircraft and pilots under contract to the state's ambulance service and the aircraft (a Beechcraft Super King Air) is staffed by Ambulance Tasmania's Intensive Care Paramedics and doctors from the Launceston General Hospital.^[86]

Education

• University of Tasmania has its second largest campus in Launceston, based in Newnham. It is currently relocating a significant portion of its campus to Inveresk.
• TasTAFE has two major operations in Launceston based at Alanvale and the Central Business District.

Transport

Road

The car is by far the most dominant form of transport in Launceston, with the city having 721 km of urban and rural roads, even though much of the CBD has narrow one-way streets.^[87][88][89] Since February 1998, Launceston has been serviced by the Tasmanian government-owned and operated public bus service Metro Tasmania. In addition, Redline Coaches offers school services and travels to many destinations across Tasmania.^[90][88]

Because of its central location, Launceston is the hub of five of the state's major highways. The

Midland Highway is the primary route to Hobart. The Bass Highway is the primary route to Devonport and Burnie. The Tasman Highway is an alternate scenic route to Hobart via Scottsdale, the East Coast, the West Tamar Highway and East Tamar Highway.^[88]

Tram and rail network

Further information: Rail transport in Tasmania

Launceston operated a suburban tramway system between 1911 and 1952, which consisted of 29 trams. It was first conceived in 1909, after observations of efficiently working systems in Melbourne and Adelaide. A decade before the tram system was abandoned, Launceston had begun converting to trolleybuses, especially for the hilly routes. The Launceston trolleybus system was one of the most extensive of the various trolleybus systems in Australia. The tramway network was finally removed in 1952 to make way for cars and buses. A tramway museum in Inveresk is all that remains of Launceston's trams. Launceston's streets, most of which were planned in the early nineteenth century, were probably always too narrow for trams to be fully successful: in many cases little of the roadway remained for other forms of transport.^{[citation needed][91]} The track gauge was 1067 mm (3 ft 6in).^[92]

A regional passenger rail system operated in Tasmania, of which Launceston was a major hub; however, after many years of gradual retrenchment it was closed in July 1978.^[93]

Former passenger railway lines servicing Launceston:

• Launceston and Western Railway
  (1871–1873)
• Launceston–Deloraine (1875–1978)
• Launceston–Hobart (via Evandale) (1876–1978)
• Launceston–Devonport (1885–1978)
• Launceston–Burnie (1901–1978)

Airport

The city is served by the small curfew-free Launceston Airport, 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) south-east of the city. The airport serves over one million passengers annually. Jetstar, QantasLink, Sharp Airlines and Virgin Australia operate scheduled services at the airport. As at November 2020, there are direct flights to and from Melbourne, Sydney and Brisbane.^[94]

There is a freight rail system in operation which links Launceston to Burnie, Hobart and Bell Bay.^[95]

Port

This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (June 2022)

Launceston's port is located about 48 kilometers north on the Tamar River at Bell Bay.^[96][97] The Port of Bell Bay handles around 5,300,000 tons of domestic and international cargo each year, and has five piers for cruise and passenger ships.^[98] The port is adjacent to an industrial park that houses facilities for Temco, Sims Metal, BP Australia and Onesteel, among other companies.^[99] The Port of Bell Bay is part of a network of ports managed by the state-owned company TasPorts.

Utilities

Launceston's electricity is primarily generated by renewable

hydro electric power plants including the Trevallyn Power Station which is supplied with water from Trevallyn Dam. The major retailer is Aurora Energy

.

Historically, Launceston was powered by gas from the Launceston Gas Company, (later Gas Corporation of Tasmania). In 1988 it was sold to Boral.^[100] The first gas plant was built in 1860 as a horizontal retort Gas Works house made from brick and sandstone on the site's SW corner. This was followed by keepers cottages, labs, the Headquarters Building and the iconic 1930s vertical retort recognised by the wording "COOK WITH GAS" written in its brickwork.^[101] The Duck Reach Power Station replaced gas for street lighting when it was completed in 1895 (the first municipally owned power station in the Southern Hemisphere). Until the 1950s when Trevallyn Power Station was built, Duck Reach supplied Launceston with most of its power needs – it is now an interpretive historic site. The former Gas Works currently houses the Launceston Hogsbreath Cafe.

Launceston's water comes from the Launceston Water Catchment. The majority is sourced from St Patricks River, a tributary of the

Tamar Valley Pulp Mill might adversely affect Launceston's water supply.^[103]

Like many Australian cities, several major companies provide mobile telecommunications services and wireless internet services to Launceston. Launceston's communication infrastructure was upgraded in 1997 through the federal "Networking the Nation" program. Beginning in 2010, the National Broadband Network began installation of fire optic cables in Launceston.^[104] In 2016, Launceston became the first city in Tasmania to be fully connected to the NBN.^[105]

Sister cities

Launceston has three sister cities.^[106]

City	State	Country	Year
Ikeda	Osaka	Japan	1 November 1965
Napa	California	United States	6 June 1988
Taiyuan	Shanxi	China	28 November 1995

Notable people

Main category: People from Launceston, Tasmania

Further information: List of mayors of Launceston

Notable people from or who have lived in Launceston include:

• Nathaniel Atkinson, footballer for Heart of Midlothian F.C.
• Marcos Ambrose, NASCAR driver
• Harold Napier Baker, Rural Dean of St John's Church
• Simon Baker, actor
• George Bailey, cricketer and Australian cricket selector
• Lance Barnard, (1919–1997) former Deputy Prime Minister of Australia under Gough Whitlam
• David Boon, cricketer
• Harry Cooper, TV veterinarian
• James Faulkner, cricketer
• Sir Wilmot Hudson Fysh
  , Qantas founder
• Daniel Ganderton, jockey
• Daniel Geale, boxer
• Belle Gibson, scam artist
• Simon Hussey, songwriter and record producer
• Tasman Jones, swimmer and diver
• David Lambourne, judge
• Alexander Tasman Marshall
  , Tasmanian MHA
• Ray Martin, journalist
• Cleo Massey, actress
• Stewart McSweyn, distance runner
• Ricky Ponting, cricketer
• Richie Porte, professional cyclist
• Bec Rawlings, boxer
• Peter Sculthorpe, composer
• Hattie Shepparde (1846 – 1874), actress and opera singer
• Rachael Taylor, actress
• Ariarne Titmus, Olympic champion swimmer
• Frank Lee Woodward
  (1871–1952), Pali scholar, author and theosophist
• John Youl, an early clergyman, St John's Church of England
• Shane Yost, Championship Vert Skater

References

Citations

References using The Examiner may require registration for access.

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Sources

• Wooley, Charles; Tatlow, Michael (2007). Walk in Old Launceston: Your Guide to Two Wondrous Hours : Colonial Horrors, Heroism and Splendour. Walk Guides Australia.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Launceston.

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Launceston, Tasmania.

• Launceston City Council
• Original video of the Cataract Gorge in flood, August 2009
• Watch historical footage of Launceston, Burnie, Hobart and the rest of Tasmania from the National Film and Sound Archive of Australia's collection.