Amarapura

Coordinates: 21°54′N 96°03′E / 21.900°N 96.050°E / 21.900; 96.050
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Amarapura (disambiguation).
Amarapura
အမရပူရ
Township of
UTC6:30 (MST)
Area codes2 (mobile: 69, 90)[1]

Amarapura (

Irrawaddy river in the west, Chanmyathazi Township in the north, and the ancient capital site of Ava (Inwa) in the south. It was the capital of Myanmar twice during the Konbaung period (1783–1821 and 1842–1859) before finally being supplanted by Mandalay 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) north in 1859. It is historically referred to as Taungmyo (Southern City) in relation to Mandalay. Amarapura today is part of Mandalay, as a result of urban sprawl. The township is known today for its traditional silk and cotton weaving, and bronze
casting. It is a popular tourist day-trip destination from Mandalay.

Etymology

Amarapura comes from

Pali: Amarapura (အမရပုရ), which means "The Immortal city".[3]

History

Royal palace of king Bodawpaya at Amarapura, during the visit of the British Embassy of Michael Symes, in 1795

Amarapura was founded by King

Amarapura Nikaya (Amarapura sect).[5]

In 1810 the town was estimated to contain 170,000 inhabitants, but in that year it was destroyed by fire.

Mindon began building Mandalay as his new capital city, 11 km north of Amarapura. With the royal treasury depleted by the Second Anglo-Burmese War of 1852, Mindon decided to reuse as much material from Amarapura as possible in the construction of Mandalay. The palace buildings were dismantled and moved by elephant to the new location, and the city walls were pulled down for use as building material for roads and railways.[9] Part of the moat is still recognizable near the Bagaya Monastery. The city officially ceased being the capital on 23 May 1859 when Mandalay took over that role.[10]

The ruins of the city wall show it to have been a square with a side of about three-quarters of a mile in length. At each corner stood a solid brick

the Buddha.[6]

The indigenous Burmese tradition of

cottage industry.[13]

Sights of interest

  • Pahtodawgyi (Amarapura) – A stupa built by King Bodawpaya in 1816 outside the city walls
  • U Bein Bridge – a 1.2 km (0.75 mi) wooden footbridge (longest teak bridge in the world) built by the mayor U Bein salvaging the unwanted teak columns from the old palace during the move to Mandalay
  • Kyauktawgyi Pagoda – A stupa built by King Pagan in 1847 at the farther end of U Bein's bridge
  • Amarapura Palace ruins – containing tombs of King Bodawpaya and King Bagyidaw, and part of the old moat
  • Maha Gandhayon Monastery
    – a large modern monastery complex with hundreds of monks and novices, well known throughout the country
  • Chinese Temple – built in 1838 during
    King Tharrawaddy
    's reign
  • Yadanabon University – A major liberal arts university for students from Mandalay suburbs
  • Nagayon Temple
  • Mandalar Degree College – One of tourism and hospitality management college which co-operated with liberal arts major and well known for its diversities and students from different province.

Photos

  • Monks Crossing U Bein Bridge at Sunset
    Monks Crossing U Bein Bridge at Sunset
  • U Bein Bridge across the Taungthaman Lake
    U Bein Bridge across the Taungthaman Lake
  • Buddhist monks on U Bein Bridge
    Buddhist monks on U Bein Bridge
  • U Bein Bridge
    U Bein Bridge
  • Taungthaman Lake, Amarapura
    Taungthaman Lake, Amarapura
  • Sunset over Taungthaman Lake
    Sunset over Taungthaman Lake
  • Old City Gate
    Old City Gate
  • U Bein Bridge, detail
    U Bein Bridge, detail
  • U Bein Bridge
    U Bein Bridge
  • A panoramic view of Amarapura looking towards the south-west in 1855 by Colesworthey Grant
    A panoramic view of Amarapura looking towards the south-west in 1855 by Colesworthey Grant

Notes

  1. ^ "Myanmar Area Codes". Archived from the original on 2009-12-01. Retrieved 2009-04-04.
  2. ^ Arrowsmith, Aaron (1831). A compendium of ancient and modern geography. London, England. p. 637.
  3. ^ amara = immortality; pūra = city.
  4. ^ Maung Maung Tin Vol. 1 1905: 395
  5. ^ Bischoff 1995: 113
  6. ^ a b c  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Amarapura". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 1 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 780.
  7. ^ Maung Maung Tin Vol. 2 1905: 223
  8. ^ Maung Maung Tin Vol. 3 1905: 33
  9. ^ Cooler, Konbaung Amarapura
  10. ^ Maung Maung Tin Vol. 3 1905: 193
  11. ^ Hardiman, John Percy (1901). Silk in Burma. superintendent, Government printing, Burma.
  12. ^ "The Tradition of Acheik Weaving in Myanmar – ICHCAP". Retrieved 2020-03-28.
  13. ^ Lynn, Kyaw Ye. "Weavers of traditional textiles in Mandalay unite". Frontier Myanmar. Retrieved 2020-03-28.

References

  • Bischoff, Roger (1995). Buddhism in Myanmar - A Short History (PDF). Kandy: Buddhist Publication Society.
  • Cooler, Richard M. "The Konbaung Period - Amarapura". Northern Illinois University. Archived from the original on 16 June 2006. Retrieved 2006-06-09.
  • Maung Maung Tin (1905). Konbaung Hset Maha Yazawin (in Burmese). Vol. 1–3 (2004 ed.). Yangon: Department of Universities History Research, University of Yangon.
  • Hoke Sein. "Entry for amara". Pāḷi-Myanmar Dictionary (ပါဠိမြန်မာ အဘိဓာန်) (in Burmese). Pali Canon E-Dictionary Version 1.94. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  • Hoke Sein. "Entry for pura". Pāḷi Dictionary (in Burmese). Pali Canon E-Dictionary Version 1.94. Retrieved 15 February 2015.

External links

Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Amarapura.
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Amarapura.
Amarapura
Preceded by
Capital of Burma

13 May 1783 – 22 November 1821 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Capital of Burma

10 February 1842 – 23 May 1859 		Succeeded by

21°54′N 96°03′E / 21.900°N 96.050°E / 21.900; 96.050

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