Ancient Paleo-Siberian

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Ancient North Eurasians (ANE,  ) and Ancient Northern East Asian ancestry (ANEA,  ), and are closely connected to the first wave of humans into the Americas.[1]
The Koryaks are closely related to the Ancient Paleo-Siberians.

In

Devil's Cave Ancient Northeast Asian specimens.[5]

Phylogenetic position of the Paleo-Siberian lineage among other Eastern Eurasians

The Ancient Paleo-Siberians are mainly defined by two human archaeological specimens: the 14,000-year-old Ust-Kyakhta-3 (UKY) individual found near Lake Baikal in southern Siberia, and the 9-10,000-year-old Kolyma_M individual found in northeastern Siberia.[5] Specifically, the Lake Baikal Ust'Kyakhta-3 (UKY) specimen (14,050-13,770 BP) was a mixture of 30% ANE ancestry and 70% East Asian ancestry.[1] The Ancient Paleo-Siberians are closely related to modern far-northeastern Siberia communities, such as the Koryaks, and to Native Americans.[6][7] Ancestral Native Americans originated from a similar admixture event as Ancient Paleo-Siberians, carrying c. 67% East Asian-related ancestry and 33% ANE ancestry.[8]

A qpGraph (best fit) by Maier et al. 2023, showing the formation of Ancient North Siberians/Eurasians (ANS/ANE) and their subsequent contribution to the formation of Ancient Paleo-Siberian
Ancient Paleo-Siberians and Native Americans.[9]

Technologically, Ancient Paleo-Siberians have been associated with microblade technologies and post-Last Glacial Maximum mammoth hunting.[5]

Ancient Paleo-Siberians, in conjunction with an Inner Northeast Asian (Yumin-like) lineage, gave rise to the Cisbaikal_LNBA ancestry, which may be associated with ancient Yeniseian speakers.[10] Ancient Paleo-Siberians also formed the dominant ancestral source for Altai hunter-gatherers (7500BP), in conjunction with a Botai-like source, as well as for the subsequent Okunevo culture, in conjunction with additional Baikal hunter-gatherer and Afanasievo-like sources.[11]

They were later largely replaced by waves of Neo-Siberians and Neolithic Amur populations, which may be associated with the expansion of early

Uralic speakers (c. 7–11 kya).[12][13]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Yu et al. 2020.
  2. S2CID 174809069
    .
  3. S2CID 4454580
    .
  4. ISBN 978-3-030-90060-1
    . According to the latest paleogenetic data, East Asian populations migrated to Northeastern Siberia ca. 20,000–18,000 cal BP. The migration was accompanied by their mixing with the descendants of the "Ancient North Siberians", represented by the genome from the Yana and Malta individuals. These processes were reflected in the Beringian tradition's wide proliferation in the region and led to the emergence of several ancestral lineages (Fig. 1) in Extreme Northeastern Asia: the Ancient Paleosiberian population represented by the genome of the individual from Duvanny Yar, and the ancestral Native Americans. The latter type subsequently divided into the Ancient Beringians and all other Native Americans (Moreno-Mayar et al. 2018; Sikora et al. 2019).
  5. ^ a b c Mao 2021.
  6. PMID 30415837
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  7. PMID 37057893
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  8. S2CID 263706090
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  9. ISSN 0960-9822
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  10. PMID 27965293
    .
  11. S2CID 174809069
    . Most modern Siberian speakers of Neosiberian languages genetically fall on an East- West cline between Europeans and Early East Asians. Taking Even speakers as representatives, the Neosiberian turnover from the south, which largely replaced Ancient Paleosiberian ancestry, can be associated with the northward spread of Tungusic and probably also Turkic and Mongolic. However, the expansions of Tungusic as well as Turkic and Mongolic are too recent to be associable with the earliest waves of Neosiberian ancestry, dated later than ~11 kya, but discernible in the Baikal region from at least 6 kya onwards. Therefore, this phase of the Neosiberian population turnover must initially have transmitted other languages or language families into Siberia, including possibly Uralic and Yukaghir..

Sources
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