Andrija Štampar
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Andrija Štampar | |
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Leon Bernard Foundation Prize and Medal 1955 | |
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Andrija Štampar (1 September 1888 – 26 June 1958[1]) was a distinguished scholar in the field of social medicine from Croatia.
Education
Štampar was born 1 September 1888 in Brodski Drenovac[1] (part of Pleternica), at the time part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, in modern Požega-Slavonia County. From 1898 to 1906, he attended grammar school in Vinkovci. During his secondary schooling, Štampar was a brilliant pupil and, at that time, he wrote his first literary attempt, published in the periodical Pobratim in 1902. He enrolled at the medical school in Vienna in 1906, which was at the time the most important medical center in the world. As a medical student, he initiated the editing of medical papers and wrote pamphlets and articles with the intention of educating people in health matters. In 1909 in Nova Gradiška he started publishing the series called Public Health Library discussing numerous topics regarding health and prevention. On 23 December 1911, he was awarded the title of Doctor of General Medicine (doctor medicinae universae).
Career
On 1 January 1912, Štampar started working at the town hospital at Karlovac and remained at this post until 8 August 1913. He enrolled in the Croatian Medical Association, an organization of physicians, and published a few articles in their journal.
By a decree of the Župan, (Prefect) of the Požega District, he was appointed district health officer of Nova Gradiška in 1913. In 1919, he attended the Congress of Inter-Allied Countries for Social Hygiene in Paris giving a lecture on children's health. It showed at that time that he had a clear concept of organizing the public health service. Andrija Štampar is universally known as "the man of action" [citation needed].
At age 31 he was named principal of the Department of Public Health in Belgrade.[2] Thanks to Štampar's endeavours, a special Institute of Social Medicine was founded affiliated with the University of Zagreb School of Medicine. From 1924 he was the member of several international expert committees, which through his efforts received grants from the Rockefeller Foundation. [citation needed]
King Alexander's dictatorship suddenly put a stop to his work at the Ministry of Public Health in 1930 and, in 1931, he was put on the retired list[1] by the King's decree and came into personal conflict with King Alexander due to his refusal to enter the government. He was offered the portfolio of the Minister of the Interior, but he refused and asked for free elections as a condition. [citation needed]
International activities
From 1931 to 1933, Štampar was permanently employed as the expert of the Health Organization of the League of Nations.[2] He entered upon a new kind of work; study travels, extensive lecturing in different parts of the world, confronting health problems at the international level. From October 1931 until January 1932, Štampar was in the United States and Canada as the guest of the Rockefeller Foundation. The League of Nations also entrusted him with the task of acquainting himself with the work of a special American Committee dealing with the costs of medical care. [citation needed]
He also spent time in China, from 1933 to 1936.[1] The Health Organization sent him as an advisor to help the Chinese health administration in the control of the mass infectious diseases that cropped up after devastating floods in 1931. [citation needed]
Dr. Štampar has come to China to help our Government in its work on reconstruction based on the plan of technical cooperation with the League of Nations. He went round several provinces, from Kansu and Shanghai in the West to Kwangtung and Kwangsi in the South, and made a valuable contribution to the reconstruction of our villages, especially in the field of rural health protection services. On his departure we wish to give this to him as a remembrance of his work in China, hoping he will come to visit us again.
-- Ching Feng [citation needed]
In 1936, he received an offer from the secretary general of the League of Nations for the post of an expert at the Health Organization in Geneva. In 1938, he received an invitation from Harvard University in Boston, where he delivered a lecture. After Boston, he toured a great part of North America and lectured on hygiene and social medicine at a series of universities (Yale, Cornell, Johns Hopkins, Cincinnati, Vanderbilt, McHarry, Tulane, Texas, Los Angeles, Berkeley, Portland, Minnesota, Toronto, McGill, Columbia, Galvestone). [citation needed]
The
A statue has been dedicated to Štampar in Morocco for his work in curing malaria. [citation needed]
Zagreb
Andrija Štampar founded the School of Public Health in Zagreb in 1927.[2]
By the decree of 5 March 1939, eight years after his election as full professor of hygiene and social medicine in Zagreb, he finally became a professor at
On the third day of the occupation of Zagreb, Štampar was arrested by the
Štampar was the
References
- ^ a b c d e f "Štampar, Andrija". Croatian Encyclopedia (in Croatian). Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography. Retrieved 6 November 2016.
- ^ a b c d
PMID 16809579.
- ^ "WHO | Previous prize winners". Archived from the original on 8 July 2004.
- ISBN 978-953-228-055-5. Retrieved 12 September 2018.
Further reading
- Štampar, Andrija in Krležijana (in Croatian)
- Macfadyen, David (September 2014). The genealogy of WHO and UNICEF and the intersecting careers of Melville Mackenzie (1889-1972) and Ludwik Rajchman (1881-1965) (MD thesis). University of Glasgow.
- Dugac, Željko; Pećina, Marko, eds. (March 2020). Andrija Štampar Travel Diary 1931-1938. Zagreb: Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Srednja Europa.