Vinkovci

Coordinates: 45°17′28″N 018°48′04″E / 45.29111°N 18.80111°E / 45.29111; 18.80111
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Vinkovci
Bosut river, Church of Pentecost
, east side of the promenade, east side of the promenade, Slavonija hotel, Orion cycle astral calendar motives.
Vukovar-Syrmia
Government
 • TypeCity
 • MayorIvan Bosančić (HDZ)
Area
[1]
 • City94.2 km2 (36.4 sq mi)
 • Urban
68.2 km2 (26.3 sq mi)
Elevation
90 m (300 ft)
Population
 (2021)[2]
 • City30,842
 • Density330/km2 (850/sq mi)
 • Urban
28,111
 • Urban density410/km2 (1,100/sq mi)
Demonym(s)Vinkovčanin (♂) Vinkovčanka (♀)
(per
UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
32100
Area code32
Vehicle registrationVK
Websitegrad-vinkovci.hr

Vinkovci (pronounced

Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. The city settlement's population was 28,111 in the 2021 census, while the total population was 30,842,[2]
making it the largest town of the county. Surrounded by many large villages, it is a local transport hub, particularly because of its railways.

Name

The name Vinkovci comes from the

Saint Vincent the Deacon (Sveti Vinko) in the Middle Ages.[3] The name of the city in Croatian is plural
.

It was called Cibalae in antiquity. There is no known Latin or Greek etymology for Cibalae, so it is assumed to be inherited from an earlier time.

Proto-Indo-European *ghebhel (head), in the sense of a hill, meaning a place that was protected from the flooding of Bosut.[6]

In other historically and demographically relevant languages the name of the city is

Ancient Greek
: Κιβέλαι Kibelae.

History

The area around Vinkovci has been continually inhabited since the

Neolithic period
.

The Sopot culture eponym site is Sopot, an archeological site near Vinkovci, which was dated to 5480–3790 BC.[7]

Vučedol culture finds in Vinkovci, generally dated to 3000–2500 BC, include a piece of ceramics dated to 2600 BC with an astral calendar, the first one found in Europe that shows the year starting at the dusk of the first day of spring.[8]

It was made a municipium (the Roman name for town or city) under Hadrian and gained the status of Colonia Aurelia Cibalae during the reign of emperor Caracalla.[9][10] It was the birthplace of Roman emperors Valentinian I and Valens. The Roman thermal bath is still preserved underground, along with several other Roman buildings located near the center of today's Vinkovci.[11] The 4th century Battle of Cibalae, between the armies of Constantine the Great and Licinius, was fought nearby. In 2012, the 4th-century Vinkovci Treasure was discovered.

In the Middle Ages, Vinkovci was one of the sites of the Bijelo Brdo culture.[12] The City museum of Vinkovci maintains a survey of thirteen medieval archeological finds in Vinkovci and its surroundings, as of 2010.[13]

From 1526 to 1687 it was part of the

compromise of 1867), in the Slavonian Military Frontier
, under the administration of the Brooder Grenz-Infanterie-Regiment Nr. VII until 1881.

Kingdom of Hungary stamp canceled with the Hungarian name VINKOVCE in 1874.

In the late 19th and early 20th century, Vinkovci was a district capital in the

Polish-allied France, where the Polish Army was reconstituted to continue the fight against Germany.[16] From 1941 to 1945, Vinkovci was part of the Independent State of Croatia, whose authorities destroyed the Vinkovci Synagogue in 1941–42, which was among the largest and the most prestigious synagogues in Croatia. From 17 April 1944 the city was heavily bombed by the Allies due to its important position in transportation.[17]

The city and its surroundings were gravely impacted by the 1991–95

Operation Joint Endeavor
.

The Croatian Army has stationed the headquarters of its Armored-Mechanized Guard Brigade at Vinkovci barracks. The current brigade was formed in 2007 and it incorporated two former guards brigades (3rd and 5th) as well as several other units formed in the 1990s during the war of independence.

Geography

Bosut
river

Vinkovci is located in the eastern part of the

Bosut river, at an elevation of approx. 90 metres (300 ft), and has a mild continental climate. Vinkovci is also on the northwestern edge of the smaller subregion of Syrmia
.

Nearby villages and adjacent municipalities include Ivankovo, Jarmina, Markušica, Nuštar, Privlaka and Stari Jankovci.

Economy and transportation

Vinkovci railway station

Its economy is primarily based on trade, transport and food and metal processing. Industries include foodstuff, building material, wood and timber, metal-processing, leather and textile. Due to the surrounding farmland, also notable are farming and livestock breeding, and the town hosts a Crop Improvement Centre.

Vinkovci is also the intersection of the main roads

D518 (Osijek–Vinkovci) and several regional roads, thereby providing an eastern connection between Podravina and Posavina roads, including motorways (A3 and A5
).

railway junction of eastern Croatia, of railroads leading from Bosnia and Herzegovina toward Hungary and from the capital Zagreb toward Belgrade. The large railway junction, after Zagreb the second largest in Croatia
, underlies the importance of transit in Vinkovci.

The river Bosut is not a waterway.

Demographics

Historical populations
of Vinkovci
YearPop.±%
1857 4,493—    
1869 5,773+28.5%
1880 7,315+26.7%
1890 8,123+11.0%
1900 9,832+21.0%
1910 11,670+18.7%
1921 12,640+8.3%
1931 16,038+26.9%
1948 18,633+16.2%
1953 20,834+11.8%
1961 25,313+21.5%
1971 31,605+24.9%
1981 35,944+13.7%
1991 38,580+7.3%
2001 35,912−6.9%
2011 35,312−1.7%
2021 31,057−12.0%
Source: Naselja i stanovništvo Republike Hrvatske 1857–2001, DZS, Zagreb, 2005 & Popis stanovništva 2011

The city administrative area includes the following

settlements:[citation needed
]

  • Mirkovci
    , population 2,810
  • Vinkovci, population 28,247
City of Vinkovci: Population trends 1857–2021
population
4493
5773
7315
8123
9832
11670
12640
16038
18633
20834
25313
31605
35944
38580
35912
35312
30842
18571869188018901900191019211931194819531961197119811991200120112021
Sources: Croatian Bureau of Statistics publications


The local administration consists of the following local boards (mjesni odbor):[19]

  1. Lenije
  2. Stjepan Radić
  3. Centar
  4. Kolodvor
  5. Dvanaest redarstvenika
  6. Vinkovačko Novo Selo
  7. Lapovci
  8. Ban Jelačić
  9. Zagrebački blok
  10. Slavija
  11. Mala Bosna
  12. Mirkovci

In 2011, it was the 17th largest city in Croatia.

By ethnic group, as of census 2011, the population of Vinkovci is:[20]

Politics

Minority councils and representatives

Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs.

Hungarians of Croatia elected their individual representative with Roma representative remaining unelected due to lack of candidates.[22]

Culture

The Church of Pentecost in Vinkovci.

The town features extremely rich cultural and historical heritage, the most interesting attraction being the pre-

Koloman and Ladislas, as one of the most important medieval cultural monuments in Croatia. The building has recently[when?
] had the ancient timber beams removed and a new, modern, brick upper section and roof added.

The most famous annual event, one of the biggest in Slavonia, is the folk music festival "Vinkovci Autumns" or Vinkovačke jeseni, which includes the folklore show and the presentation of folk customs of Slavonia. It is characterized by a number of original folk music performances, beautiful traditional costumes, a beauty contest, competitions of the manufacturers of kulen (smoked paprika-flavoured sausage), plum brandy and other traditional foodstuffs, and especially by the magnificent closing parade.

Vinkovci's music school Josip Runjanin is named after the composer of the Croatian national anthem Lijepa naša domovino. The Vinkovci gymnasium is named after Matija Antun Reljković, a Slavonian writer who lived in the city in the 18th century.

Vinkovci, though it is spelled Vincovci in the book, and its rail station are featured in Agatha Christie's Murder on the Orient Express as the place near which the Orient Express breaks down.

Notable natives and residents

International relations

See also: List of twin towns and sister cities in Croatia

Twin towns — sister cities

Vinkovci is

twinned with:[23]

Sport

A local football club still carries the Latin name for Vinkovci, Cibalia.

References

Bibliography

  • Cresswell, Peterjon; Atkins, Ismay; Dunn, Lily (10 July 2006). Time Out Croatia (First ed.). London, Berkeley & Toronto: Time Out Group Ltd & Ebury Publishing,
    ISBN 978-1-904978-70-1
    . Retrieved 10 March 2010.
  • Šimunović, Petar (2013). "Pre-Roman placenames in present-day (and historical) Croatia". Folia onomastica Croatica (in Croatian) (22).
    ISSN 1848-7858
    . Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  • Bušić, Krešimir (2002). "Prilog poznavanju povijesnog razvoja kršćanstva na vinkovačkom prostoru: kontinuitet društvenoga i urbanoga života oko gotičke crkve sv. Ilije (Meraja) u Vinkovcima". Croatica Christiana Periodica (in Croatian). 26 (50). Catholic Faculty of Theology, University of Zagreb: 21.
    ISSN 0350-7823
    . Retrieved 28 December 2021.

Notes

  1. Wikidata Q119585703
    .
  2. ^ a b "Population by Age and Sex, by Settlements, 2021 Census". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings in 2021. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. 2022.
  3. ^ Bušić 2002, p. 21.
  4. ^ Šimunović 2013, p. 148.
  5. ^ Šimunović 2013, p. 153.
  6. ^ Šimunović 2013, p. 185.
  7. S2CID 55066031
    .
  8. Ministry of Culture (Croatia)
    . Retrieved 23 November 2021.
  9. ISBN 978-9287136718
    . Retrieved 2 November 2017.
  10. ^ "Povijest grada" (in Croatian). City of Vinkovci. Retrieved 25 September 2015.
  11. ^ Ivana Iskra Janošić (2001). Urbanization of Cibalae and development of centers for pottery production. Zagreb-Vinkovci. pp. 31–33, 147–150.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  12. Ministry of Culture (Croatia)
    . Retrieved 23 November 2021.
  13. ISSN 1849-1561
    .
  14. ^ Edwin Mueller (1961). Handbook of Austria and Lombardy-Venetia Cancellations on the Postage Stamp Issues 1850–1864.
  15. ISBN 978-953-169-497-1
    .
  16. ISSN 1641-9561
    .
  17. ^ Marica Karakaš. "Saveznička bombardiranja Srijema u Drugome svjetskom ratu" (PDF) (in Croatian, English, and German). Zagreb, Croatia: Political Science Research Centre. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-05-22. Retrieved 2010-08-12.
  18. ^ "Zlo u ratu, dobrota u miru". Novosti (in Serbian). No. 585. 2012-03-05. Retrieved 2012-04-05.
  19. ^ "Grad Vinkovci - Mjesna samouprava". City of Vinkovci. Retrieved 28 December 2021.
  20. ^ "Population by Ethnicity, by Towns/Municipalities, 2011 Census: County of Vukovar-Sirmium". Census of Population, Households and Dwellings 2011. Zagreb: Croatian Bureau of Statistics. December 2012.
  21. ^ "Manjinski izbori prve nedjelje u svibnju, kreću i edukacije". T-portal. 13 March 2023. Retrieved 2 May 2023.
  22. ^ "Informacija o konačnim rezultatima izbora članova vijeća i izbora predstavnika nacionalnih manjina 2023. XVI. VUKOVARSKO-SRIJEMSKA ŽUPANIJA" (PDF) (in Croatian). Državno izborno povjerenstvo Republike Hrvatske. 2023. p. 8. Retrieved 3 June 2023.
  23. ^ "The City • Natural and geographic features • Turistička zajednica grada Vinkovaca".

External links

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