Augustine blood group system

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The Augustine blood group system is a

SLC29A1.[1]

Antigens

The protein which acts as the Augustine antigens is

erythroid progenitor cells and in mature red blood cells.[3] There are four known variants of the antigen: AUG1, AUG2, AUG3, and AUG4.[1] One person may express multiple variants; AUG:1,2,4 (expressing AUG1, AUG2, and AUG4) is the common phenotype.[3]

List of Augustine antigens[1]
Number Name Prevalence Allele
AUG1 High Splice site variant
AUG2 Ata High Glu391Lys
AUG3 ATML Low p.Thr387Pro
AUG4 ATAM High p.Asn81Ser

Clinical significance

In red blood cells, the Augustine antigen protein seems to play a role in

mineralization around the joints, ectopic calcification, and abnormal red blood cells.[3][4]

History

AUG2 was first identified as Ata in 1967 as a common human antigen.[3] The SLC29A1 gene was identified in 1997 and found to encode AUG1 and AUG2 in 2015.[3] In response to the 2015 discovery, the International Society of Blood Transfusion established the Augustine blood system as the 36th human blood group system.[3] AUG3 and AUG4 were identified in 2018.[1]

The blood group system was named Augustine after the surname of the individual with the first identified anti-Ata antibody, a woman of African ancestry whose third child had a positive

direct antiglobulin test at birth.[4]

References