Bandringa

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Bandringa
Temporal range:
Ma
↓
Bandringa rayi holotype juvenile from the Pennsylvanian of Illinois
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Chondrichthyes
Subclass:
Elasmobranchii
Family:
†Bandringidae

Zangerl, 1969
Genus:
†Bandringa

Zangerl, 1969
Binomial name
†Bandringa rayi
Zangerl, 1969
Synonyms
  • Bandringa herdinae Zangerl, 1979

Bandringa is an extinct genus of

monotypic family Bandringidae.[1] There is currently a single known species, B. rayi, described in 1969.[1] It is known from exceptionally preserved individuals found in the Mazon Creek Lagerstätte of Illinois which dates back to the late Moscovian stage
.

Discovery and naming

The

Allegheny Group
.

Description

actinopterygian fish family Polyodontidae (Acipenseriformes). The body of Bandringa had two dorsal fins, a set of three anal fins (5 in total) and a long tapering Heterocercal caudal fin. Bandringa fed by suction feeding, and using its long snout and needle like spines on its cheek for hunting in murky water.[3]

Bandringa had a long rostrum and may have been analogous to modern sawfish. It appears to have fed via suction feeding. Preserved gut contents include articulated arthropods. The holotype specimen had length about 11 cm (4.3 in),[1] but the largest known adult specimen, PU19814[3] is estimated to be more than five times larger than the type specimen.[4] Although Bandringa is originally described as Ctenacanthiformes, its relationships to other elasmobranchs is currently unclear.[3][5]

Breeding

Bandringa is one of the few fossil fish that has a well studied breeding cycle. A paper found that the fish lived a lifestyle that was the opposite of salmon, with the adults living in freshwater areas and the younger ones living in more brackish and saltwater areas, and when fully grown would swim back into the freshwater areas.[6] This makes sense because at the time, the area of Illinois where Bandringa specimens have been found was a diagonally running stream that ran from freshwater to saltwater areas.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c R. Zangerl. (1969). Bandringa rayi: A New Ctenacanthoid Shark form the Pennsylvanian Essex Fauna of Illinois. Fieldiana Geology 12:157-169
  2. ^ R. Zangerl. (1979). New Chondrichthyes from the Mazon Creek fauna (Pennsylvanian) of Illinois. Mazon Creek Fossils 449-500
  3. ^
    S2CID 86174861
    .
  4. hdl:2246/2954. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help
    )
  5. ^ "Mazon Monday #19: Species Spotlight: Bandringa rayi #MazonCreek #fossils #MazonMonday #shark". Earth Science Club of Northern Illinois - ESCONI. Retrieved 2020-10-04.
  6. ^ a b "Scientists Discover 310-Million-Years-Old Nursery of Bandringa Sharks". sci-news.com.
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