Battle of Arara
Battle of Arara | |||||||
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Part of the Middle Eastern theatre of World War I | |||||||
| |||||||
Belligerents | |||||||
German Empire Ottoman Empire | British Empire | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Otto Liman von Sanders Jevad Pasha Oberst Gustav von Oppen |
Major General S. W. Hare | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
16th and 19th Divisions, Yıldırım Army Group |
54th (East Anglian) Division Détachement Français de Palestine et de Syrie (DFPS) including the French Armenian Legion, XXI Corps Egyptian Expeditionary Force | ||||||
Casualties and losses | |||||||
218 Ottoman soldiers including six officers taken prisoner by the DFPS among 700 prisoners[2] |
535 including 23 French Armenian Legion dead 76 wounded[3] |
The Battle of Arara took place on 19 September 1918 during the
During the Battle of Arara the
Background
In September 1918, on the Palestinian front, the Ottoman army was crumbling before the British expeditionary forces in the Middle East, which contained an Armenian contingent commanded by a French colonel and French officers, as well as Armenian officers. Many of the Armenians were survivors from Musa Dagh, where Armenians had resisted against Turkish massacres during the Armenian genocide.[5] The legion had landed at Jaffa in the middle of September and was prepared to take part in the final British offensive to evict the Ottomans from Palestine.
Prelude
Deployment of 54th Division and DFPS
The
Under cover of a British barrage, the 54th (East Anglian) Division on a frontage between
Deployment of Asia Corps
The 16th Division, one of the four front–line Ottoman divisions of the Eighth Army, consisted of the 47th and the 48th Infantry Regiments with the 1st Battalion, 125th Infantry and part of the 48th Regiment's machine–gun company, with the divisional assault, engineer, and cavalry companies in reserve. This division held the front line during the night of 18/19 September, expecting an attack from part of the 54th (East Anglian) Division and the DFPS.[11]
Battle
The 19th Division (von Oppen Group) was attacked by the British 54th (East Anglian) Division which pushed forward as the pivot for the infantry advance across the coastal
German General
The 162nd Brigade, 54th (East Anglian) Division, less the 11th Battalion
The French fought well, and had some 150 killed and wounded – Armenians and Tirailleurs Algériens.
Allenby; letter to his wife, 24 September 1918.[14]
The advance of the 161st Brigade on Kufr Qasim was checked but eventually they managed to captured it by 07:00 along with Jevis Tepe to the west. The 6th and 7th Battalions, Essex Regiment then moved up to attack the next line of trenches with their right near Crown Hill, where they encountered obstinate resistance but after another bombardment the whole position was occupied.[15]
The 163rd Brigade advanced towards the front line trenches and at 04:20 just as the 4th and 5th Battalions,
On the right of the 54th (East Anglian) Division's 163rd Brigade, the DFPS fought against the German Pasha 11 Group which held a ridge opposite the
The DFPS and the 54th (East Anglian) Division eventually captured their objectives and established a secure pivot on the ridge for the XXI Corps' line of attack which stretched across five divisions to the Mediterranean Sea. In the process they captured about 700 prisoners, nine guns and 20 machine guns suffering 535 casualties.[10][17][18][19]
Aftermath
The
At the end of the day, the front of the British Empire's XXI Corps ran just west of the 54th Division at Bidya, Kh. Kefar Thilth and
Commendation
General Edmund Allenby commended Armenian forces in his official dispatch to the Allied High Command, "On the right flank, on the coastal hills, the units of the Armenian Legion d'Orient fought with great valour. Despite the difficulty of the terrain and the strength of the enemy defensive lines, at an early hour, they took the hill of Dir el Kassis."[2] Allenby remarked, "I am proud to have had an Armenian contingent under my command. They have fought very brilliantly and have played a great part in the victory."[24]
A monument for the Armenian troops killed during the battle was moved from its original location on the battlefield to Mount Zion in October 1925.[2]
Notes
- ISBN 0-312-10168-6
- ^ a b c "Extract from the book Ir Ha-Menuhot" by Meron Benvenisti, Read at the Genocide Memorial evening." Hebrew University Jerusalem, Israel Armenian Studies Program Genocide Commemoration 2004. Hebrew University of Jerusalem. April 28, 2004. Accessed May 22, 2009.
- Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1974, p. 691.
- ISBN 978-0-307-26288-2.
- ^ Walker. "World War I and the Armenian Genocide," p. 267.
- ^ "Les majorations d'ancienneté pour services militaires aux fonctionnaires" (JPG). Journal Officiel du Cameroun. Les fonctionnaires mobilisés se sont trouvés dans la zone du Canal de Suez ou en territoire turc (in French). 16 (263). Ministere Des Colonies: 339. 15 May 1931. Retrieved 30 July 2020.
[Liste des] unités qui ont fait partie du détachement français de Palestine au cours des hostilités
- OCLC 256950972. pp. 670–2
- ^ "Détachement Français de Palestine et Syrie Order of Battle, September 1918". Australian Light Horse Studies Centre. 29 June 2009. Retrieved 29 July 2020.
- ^ OCLC 256950972. p. 473
- ^ a b c Wavell, Field Marshal Earl (1968). E.W. Sheppard (ed.). The Palestine Campaigns. A Short History of the British Army (3rd ed.). London: Constable & Co. p. 205
- ^ ISBN 978-0-203-96456-9. p. 149
- ^ Wavell, Field Marshal Earl (1968). E.W. Sheppard (ed.). The Palestine Campaigns. A Short History of the British Army (3rd ed.). London: Constable & Co. p. 495
- ^
Falls, Cyril; A. F. Becke (maps) (1930). Military Operations Egypt & Palestine from June 1917 to the End of the War. Official History of the Great War Based on Official Documents by Direction of the Historical Section of the Committee of Imperial Defence. Vol. 2 Part II. London: HM Stationery Office. OCLC 256950972. pp. 475–6
- ISBN 978-0-7509-3841-9. pp. 185–6
- OCLC 256950972. pp. 474–5
- OCLC 256950972. pp. 473–4
- ^ OCLC 220029983. p. 247
- ^ ISBN 978-0-7195-5432-2. pp. 224–5
- OCLC 256950972. p. 476
- OCLC 256950972. p. 495
- OCLC 256950972. p. 488
- OCLC 220029983. p. 248
- ISBN 978-0-7195-5432-2. p. 227
- ISBN 0-87395-200-6.
Further reading
- (in Armenian) Boyajian, Dickran H. Հայկական լեգեոնը (Haykakan legyonĕ, The Armenian Legion). New York: AGBUPublishing Press, 1965.