Bayan Mandahu Formation
Bayan Mandahu Formation | |
---|---|
Ma | |
Type | Geological formation |
Unit of | Gobi Desert |
Lithology | |
Primary | Sandstone |
Location | |
Coordinates | 41.75N 106.75E |
Region | Inner Mongolia |
Country | China |
Type section | |
Named for | Bayan Mandahu, Urad Rear Banner, Inner Mongolia |
The Bayan Mandahu Formation (also known as Wulansuhai Formation or Wuliangsuhai Formation) is a
Period. Laid down in the Campanian, it is dated somewhat uncertainly to between 75 and 71 mya (million years ago).[1]
Description
The paleoenvironment it preserves was semi-
arid and characterized by alluvial (stream-deposited) and eolian (wind-deposited) sediments. The formation is known for its vertebrate fossils, most of which are preserved in unstructured sandstone, indicating burial by wind-blown sandstorms.[2]
Paleofauna of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
The
Velociraptor osmolskae.[1]
Color key
|
Notes Uncertain or tentative taxa are in small text; |
Crocodylomorphs
Crocodylomorphs of the Bayan Mandahu Formation
| ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images | |
Shamosuchus[2] | A mesoeucrocodylian. |
Lizards
An
iguanian species is known from the formation.[2]
Lizards of the Bayan Mandahu Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images | |
Adamisaurus[2] | A. magnidentatus[2] | An agamid .
|
||||
Bainguis[2] | A diploglossan. | |||||
Telmasaurus[2] | A monitor lizard. |
Turtles
Turtles of the Bayan Mandahu Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images | |
Basilemys[2] | A softshell turtle. | |||||
"Zangerlia" | "Z." neimongolensis | Bayan Mandahu | "Partial to complete skeletons of multiple individuals."[3] | A nanhsiungchelyid .
|
Mammals
A taeniolabidoidea multituberculate is known from the formation.[2]
Mammals of the Bayan Mandahu Formation | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images | |
Guibaatar[4] | G. castellanus | A djadochtatheriid multituberculate. | ||||
Kennalestes[2] | K. gobiensis[2] | A placental. Also present in the Djadochta Formation. | ||||
Kryptobaatar[1] | K. mandahuensis | A multituberculate .
|
Dinosaurs
Alvarezsaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Alvarezsauridae indet.[5] | Indeterminate[5] | Bayan Mandahu[5] | An articulated series of partial anterior cervical vertebrae, an anterior cervical vertebra, isolated fragmentary anterior caudal vertebrae, a partial scapula, and pedal phalanges.[5] | An unnamed parvicursorine alvarezsaurid.[5]
|
|
Linhenykus | L. monodactylus[6] | Wuliangsuhai [6] | Cervical vertebrae, dorsal vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, a scapulocoracoid, a sternum, much of the forelimbs, a partial pelvis, nearly complete hindlimbs, and some unidentified fragments.[6] | A monodactyl parvicursorine alvarezsaurid.[6] |
Ankylosaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinacosaurus | P. grangeri[7] | Bayan Mandahu[7] | [Four] juvenile specimens consisting of skulls, manidibles, cervical half-rings and almost complete skeletons, and an incomplete subadult skull.[7] | A basal ankylosaurine ankylosaurid also known from the Djadochta Formation. | |
P. mephistocephalus[8] | Bayan Mandahu[8] | A nearly complete articulated skeleton, with in situ cervical dermal armour and tail-club, that lies in a natural with limb bones doubled under the body.[8] | A basal ankylosaurine ankylosaurid. |
Birds
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
cf. Gobipteryx | Indeterminate | "Eggs similar to those attributed to Gobipteryx minuta from the Djadochta Formation."[2] |
Ceratopsians
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
Bagaceratops | B. rozhdestvenskyi | Bayan Mandahu | A partial skull.[9] | A protoceratopsid also known from the Barun Goyot Formation and possibly the Djadochta Formation .
|
|
Magnirostris[1]
|
M. dodsoni[1] | Bayan Mandahu[10] | A partial skull. | A protoceratopsid now considered synonym of Bagaceratops.[9]
|
|
Protoceratops | P. hellenikorhinus[11] | Bayan Mandahu[11] | Skulls and sparse body remains from multiple individuals.[12][11] | A protoceratopsid .
|
|
Udanoceratops? | Indeterminate | Bayan Mandahu | "Nearly 1 meter long skull."[2] | A giant leptoceratopsid. Reported remains probably represent Protoceratops hellenikorhinus.[13]
|
Dromaeosaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linheraptor[14] | L. exquisitus[14] | Wuliangsuhai[14] | A skull, cervical vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, a scapula, a humerus, a radius, metacarpals, manual phalanxes, sternal plate, a pubis, a femur, a tibiotarsus, metatarsals, and pedal phalanxes.[14] | A possible velociraptorine dromaeosaurid.[14] | |
Velociraptor | V. osmolskae[15] | Bayan Mandahu[1] | A paired maxillae and left lacrimal.[1] | A velociraptorine dromaeosaurid.[1] |
Hadrosaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Undescribed Hadrosauridae[10] | Indeterminate[10] | Bayan Mandahu[10] | A hadrosaurid. |
Oviraptorosaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Machairasaurus | M. leptonychus[10] | Bayan Mandahu[10] | A nearly complete articulated right forearm and manus, pedal phalanges, manual phalanges, caudal vertebrae, dorsal ribs, chevrons, and fragments of metatarsals III and IV.[10] | A heyuanniine oviraptorid.[10]
|
|
Oviraptoridae indet. | Indeterminate | Bayan Mandahu | "Partial individual sitting atop an egg clutch."[16] | An | |
Wulatelong | W. gobiensis[18] | Wuliangsuhai[18] | A partial skull, dorsal vertebrae, caudal vertebrae, partial scapulocoracoids, a partial sternum, a partial humerus, an incomplete manus, a nearly complete pelvic girdle, and the right hindlimb.[18] | A basal oviraptorosaur.[18]
|
Sauropods
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Undescribed Sauropoda[10] | Indeterminate[10] | Bayan Mandahu[10] | A sauropod .
|
Troodontids
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Linhevenator[19] | L. tani[19] | Wuliangsuhai[19] | A skull and mandible, anterior dorsal vertebrae, middle dorsal vertebrae, a scapula, a humerus, incomplete ischia, a femur, nearly complete pes, and other fragmentary bones.[19] | A troodontid with short forearms.[19]
|
|
Papiliovenator | P. neimengguensis[20] | Bayan Mandahu[20] | An almost complete skull, cervical vertebrae, anterior dorsal vertebrae, partial scapulae, partial coracoid, fragmentary pelvic girdle, partial humeri, ulna, radius, partial manus, femur, tibia, fibula, pes, and a pedal phalanx II-3.[20] | A troodontid that is part of a clad that includes all other Late Cretaceous troodontids except Almas.[20] | |
Philovenator | P. curriei[21] | Wuliangsuhai[21] | A nearly complete femur, a partial tibia, a partial fibula, astragalus-calcaneum complex, distal tarsals, metatarsals, and pedal phalanges.[21] | A troodontid.[21]
|
Tyrannosaurs
Genus | Species | Location | Material | Notes | Images |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Undescribed Tyrannosauridae[10] | Indeterminate[10] | Bayan Mandahu[10] | A tyrannosaurid .
|
See also
- Barun Goyot Formation
- List of fossil sites (with link directory)
- Nemegt Formation
- List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations
References
- ^ .
- ^ doi:10.1139/e93-190.
- .
- S2CID 210840006.
- ^ PMID 26082871.
- ^ PMID 21262806.
- ^ .
- ^ a b c Godefroit, P.; Pereda-Suberbiola, X.; Li, H.; Dong, Z. M. (1999). "A new species of the ankylosaurid dinosaur Pinacosaurus from the Late Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia (P.R. China)" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 69 (supp. B): 17–36.
- ^ S2CID 132780322. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2021-07-08. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
- ^ .
- ^ a b c Lambert, O.; Godefroit, P.; Li, H.; Shang, C.-Y.; Dong, Z. (2001). "A new Species of Protoceratops (Dinosauria, Neoceratopsia) from the Late Cretaceous of Inner Mongolia (P. R. China)" (PDF). Bulletin de l'Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Sciences de la Terre. 71: 5−28.
- .
- .
- ^ S2CID 15665202.
- .
- doi:10.1139/e96-046.
- PMID 22347465.
- ^ a b c d Xu Xing; Tan Qing-Wei; Wang Shuo; Corwin Sullivan; David W. E. Hone; Han Feng-Lu; Ma Qing-Yu; Tan Lin & Xiao Dong (2013). "A new oviraptorid from the Upper Cretaceous of Nei Mongol, China, and its stratigraphic implications" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 51 (2): 85–101.
- ^ PMID 21915256.
- ^ S2CID 244186762.
- ^ a b c d Xu Xing; Zhao Ji; Corwin Sullivan; Tan Qing-Wei; Martin Sander; Ma Qing-Yu (2012). "The taxonomy of the troodontid IVPP V 10597 reconsidered" (PDF). Vertebrata PalAsiatica. 50 (2): 140–150.
Bibliography
- ISBN 0-520-24209-2