Berry, France
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Duchy of Berry Duché de Berri | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1101–1791 | |||||||||||||
King of France | | ||||||||||||
• 1101–1108 | Philip I | ||||||||||||
• 1774–1790 | Louis XVI | ||||||||||||
Governor of Berry | |||||||||||||
• 1466–1482 | Jean III de Vendôme | ||||||||||||
• 1760–1789 | Louis Joseph de Bourbon | ||||||||||||
Historical era | Early Modern | ||||||||||||
• Established | 1101 | ||||||||||||
• Provinces dissolved | 1791 | ||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||
Today part of | France |
The Duchy of Berry (French pronunciation:
History
Berry is notable as the birthplace of several kings and other members of the French royal family, and was the birthplace of the knight Baldwin Chauderon, who fought in the First Crusade. In the Middle Ages, Berry became the center of the Duchy of Berry's holdings. It is also known for an illuminated manuscript produced in the 14th–15th century called Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry.
In later times, the writer
The Duchy was governed by the
In c.750, the Counties of Berry and Bourges were created by the
The first governor of the province appears to have been appointed on 14 March 1698, when
In 1778, Louis XVI convened the provincial assemblies of Berry, and considered expanding the assembly to other provinces, but abandoned this idea after experiencing the opposition of the privileged classes in Berry.[3]
In 1790, when the former provinces were dissolved, the Duchy of Berry was split between two departments: Cher in Upper (eastern) Berry and Indre in Lower (western) Berry. Some communes also became part of the Allier, Creuse, Loiret, and Loir-et-Cher departments as well.[1]
Governors
The governors of French provinces during the Ancien Régime were typically military commanders and provided military oversight in the region. This included recruitment, movement of troops, and – if needed – dealing with civil disobedience. Below is a list of the governors of Berry during its time as a province.[2]
Duke of Berry
In October 1360, the title 'Duke of Berry' was created by
In 1686,
While Berry was a province, the Duke of Berry was de jure leader of the area. The dukes included:
Coat of Arms | Portrait | Name | Other Titles | Tenure |
---|---|---|---|---|
Charles de Bourbon |
|
31 July 1686
– 5 May 1714 | ||
Louis-Auguste de Bourbon | 23 August 1765
– 20 December 1765 | |||
Charles Ferdinand d'Artois | 24 January 1778
– 14 February 1820 |
Etymology
The name of Berry, like that of its capital, Bourges, originated with the Gaulish tribe of the Bituriges,[4] who settled in the area before the Roman armies of Julius Caesar conquered Gaul. The name of the tribe gave name to the region, often mentioned in Medieval Latin sources as: Bituria.
Brenne
La Brenne, located west of Châteauroux and east of Tournon-Saint-Martin in the Indre department, is a region which of old straddled on the former provinces of Berry and Touraine, and is now a protected natural area (Parc naturel régional de la Brenne) as well called Pays des mille étangs, because of its many ponds created since the 8th c. by the monks of the local abbeys for pisciculture.
See also
Citations
- ^ a b c Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 809. .
- ^ a b c "Provinces of France to 1791". www.worldstatesmen.org. Retrieved 21 October 2022.
- ^ Peter Kropotkin (1909). "Chapter 5". The Great French Revolution, 1789-1793. Translated by N. F. Dryhurst. New York: Vanguard Printings.
The weapon used by Louis XVI, in preference to all others was deceit. Only fear made him yield, and, using always the same weapons, deceit and hypocrisy, he resisted not only up to 1789, but even up to the last moment, to the very foot of tile scaffold. At any rate, in 1778, at a time when it was already evident to all minds of more or less perspicacity, as it was to Turgot and Necker, that the absolute power of the King had had its day, and that the hour had come for replacing it by some kind of national representation, Louis XVI could never be brought to make any but the feeblest concessions. He convened the provincial assemblies of the provinces of Berri and Haute-Guienne (1778 and 1779). But in face of the opposition shown by the privileged classes, the plan of extending these assemblies to the other provinces was abandoned, and Necker was dismissed in 1781.
- ISBN 9789400997318. Retrieved 31 December 2017.
[...] en fait, Berry vient de Bituriges; ainsi se nommaient les ancêtres gaulois des Berrichons. Le premier nom de Bourges fut Bituricum.
General and cited sources
- Abbott, Paul D. (1981). Provinces, pays, and seigneuries of France. Myrtleford, Australia. ISBN 9780959377309.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link - Devailly, Guy (1973). Le Berry du Xe siècle au milieu du XIIIe: Étude politique, religieuse, sociale, et économique. Paris-La Haye: Mouton. ISBN 9783111631066.
External links
- Pictures Archived 4 May 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- Accommodation
- Flag of Berry (FOTW)
- Columbia Encyclopedia article on Berry