Beverley

Coordinates: 53°50′42″N 0°25′37″W / 53.845°N 0.427°W / 53.845; -0.427
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
For other uses, see Beverly (disambiguation).

Beverley
Town and civil parish
Coat of arms of Beverley Town Council
Beverley is located in East Riding of Yorkshire
Beverley
Beverley
Location within the East Riding of Yorkshire
Population30,587 (2011 census) [a]
OS grid referenceTA035399
Civil parish
  • Beverley
Unitary authority
Ceremonial county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Post townBEVERLEY
Postcode districtHU17
Dialling code01482
PoliceHumberside
FireHumberside
AmbulanceYorkshire
UK Parliament
Websitewww.beverley.gov.uk
List of places
UK
England
Yorkshire
53°50′42″N 0°25′37″W / 53.845°N 0.427°W / 53.845; -0.427

Beverley is a

civil parish in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It is located 27 miles (43 km) south-east of York and 9 miles (14 km) north-west of Hull.[1][2] At the 2021 census the built-up area of the town had a population of 30,930, and the smaller civil parish had a population of 18,014.[3][4] It is the county town
of the East Riding of Yorkshire.

The town was founded in the seventh century by

Viking control in the 850s, then became part of the Kingdom of England. John of Beverley was made a saint in 1037, and the town was a place of pilgrimage for the remainder of the Middle Ages.[5] It continued to grow under the Normans, when its trading industry was first established, and eventually became a significant wool-trading town and the tenth-largest settlement in England. After the Reformation
, the stature of Beverley was much reduced.

The town contains several landmarks, including Beverley Minster, Westwood common, North Bar gatehouse, St Mary's Church, and Beverley Racecourse. It inspired the naming of the city of Beverly, Massachusetts,[6][7][8] which in turn was the source of the name for Beverly Hills, California.[9][10]

History

See also: History of Yorkshire

Northumbrian and Viking period

Inside Beverley Minster, foundation place of Beverley

The origins of Beverley can be traced back to the time of the

Kingdom of Jórvík in the Yorkshire area.[11] However, the population was increased during the 10th century, by people who came to venerate Saint John of Beverley.[11]

Before the

textiles, leather and objects made out of antler.[11]
Beverley Minster was constructed in 1220 and there were 3 phases to its construction. 1220–1260, 1320–1348 Stopped during the black death and again in 1420–1440 but Beverley Minster is not complete. The chapter house was demolished in 1660 and only the doors remain in the church.

Normans and the Middle Ages

Beverley Guildhall

After the

Norman conquest, many pilgrims flocked to Beverley upon hearing reports of miracles wrought by the town's founder, John. However, much of the North of England rejected Norman rule, and sought to reinstate Viking rule.[11] Towns in Yorkshire were obliterated by the Normans in response, with the Harrying of the North; but Beverley itself was spared, upon the Normans hearing about the town's saintly history.[11] In 1086, Beverley was recorded in the Domesday Book as comprising around 19 households and lying within the Hundred of Sneculfcros.[12] In the 12th century, Beverley developed from a settlement of several thousand, to an extensive town, stretching from around the North Bar area to the Beck in an elongated pattern, it was granted borough status in 1122 by Thurstan. Industry grew further, Beverley especially traded wool with the cloth making towns of the Low Countries.[11]

Westwood and the Black Mill

The town suffered a large fire in 1188 which destroyed numerous houses, and damaged Beverley Minster. Lady Sybil de Valines gave the Manor of the Holy Trinity on the east side of Beverley to the

preceptory;[13] also to be found in Beverley during the 13th century were Dominican friars who were given some land by Henry III upon which they erected buildings. Franciscans were present.[11] A dispute arose between local farmers and the archbishop during the 13th century, about land rights; after the locals demanded a royal inquiry, the archbishop granted the townspeople pasture and pannage
in the Westwood and other places.

During the 14th century, England experienced periods of famine caused by poor weather conditions which destroyed crops. There were other nationwide issues to contend with at the time, such as the Black Death, the Hundred Years' War and the Great Rising. However, Beverley continued to grow: and by 1377, had become the 10th largest town in England.[11]

The earliest surviving secular drama in English, The Interlude of the Student and the Girl (c. 1300), may have originated from Beverley.

Reformation decline in Tudor times

Local man Saint John Fisher was martyred in 1535

Beverley was reliant on pilgrimage, but changes brought about by the

Dissolution of the Monasteries, dissolving the Dominican Friary in Beverley and taking their land for himself, the Knights Templars in Beverley suffered the same fate in 1540.[11]

As a result of the tensions across the

Elizabeth I, Beverley was endowed with its own mayor; Edward Ellerker was the first to take this position.[16] The gap between Beverley's rich and poor became more pronounced during the Tudor era, due to large unemployment. The substantial drop in pilgrimage to Beverley in honour of its founder John of Beverley affected the jobs of the working class as it was Beverley's main industry.[11]

Civil war and Restoration recovery

Charles II's arms hanging in Beverley Minster

In the early 17th century Beverley was affected by the

alehouses were shut on Sundays and theatres and race meetings abandoned: the Puritans visited the then Church of England houses of worship and destroyed anything they thought to be idolatrous.[11]

Beverley Minster managed to escape this fate, in part due to the prominence of the

English Restoration with Charles II coming to power was generally well received in Beverley, and his royal coat of arms was hung in the Minster and remains there.[11] In terms of trade Beverley was not rich in the 17th century but had improved slightly, the majority were based in agriculture.[11] During the Georgian era, Beverley was the county town of the East Riding of Yorkshire and became the prime market town in the area during the 18th century; competition from Pocklington, Howden and Market Weighton was insufficient.[11] The replacing of old timber buildings with new ones in the Georgian style helped the town recover in prestige, with the religious structures also undergoing restorations.[11] During the Industrial Revolution, Beverley's people retained most agricultural jobs, though there was a presence of iron workers within the town.[11]

Beverley had a cattle market for 1300 years, it served as the centre for the region's livestock trade until it closed. The site is now the car park for Tesco supermarket which opened in 2002.

Industrial revolution and military

The population of the borough and liberties of the town in 1841 was 8,671.[19]

Hodgsons Tannery (1816–1979) was a major employer in the town. The tannery turned animal hides into leather. At the time of closure there were 750 redundancies. After Hodgsons closed, part of the factory site was used by Clairant (chemical production company). However, this had also closed by 2005 with the loss of 120 jobs.[20] Another tannery Melrose Tanners, formerly Cussons, on Keldgate, closed in 1986.[21]

Armstrong Patents Co. Ltd. (1917–1995) was also a well known company and major employer. The factory on East Gate mainly produced Armstrong shock absorbers until it closed in 1981.[22]

Beverley Shipyard opened in 1884 and continued to build ships until the yard closed completely in 1977. From 1905 until 1962 the yard was owned by Cook, Welton & Gemmell Shipbuilders. In 1954 the yard employed 650 people. Ships were launched sideways into the River Hull.

Beverley during a market day
The White Horse Inn Hengate
Westwood Hospital

Due to an increase in population, some of the entrances into the town (such as the brick-built Bars) were taken down to accommodate traffic. Although population figures rose steeply, the increase was not as much as in nearby

Diocese of Beverley in 1850 was chosen to cover Yorkshire, before being divided into two dioceses.[11]

Communications were improved with the opening of the Beverley railway station in October 1846.[11] In 1884, Andrew Cochrane founded a shipyard at Grovehill on the River Hull. It was purchased by Cook, Welton & Gemmell in 1901.[23] The yard was a leading builder of trawlers for the Hull deep-sea fishing fleet. In both world wars the yard built minesweepers for the Royal Navy. The deep-sea trawler Arctic Corsair now preserved in Hull was built there in 1960. The yard closed for ship construction in 1977 and the site is now used for boat repairs.

A permanent military presence was established in the town with the completion of

First World War the Royal Flying Corps had an airfield on the Westwood.[25] The site is now Beverley Racecourse

World Wars and modern

The

Second World War saw the nearby city of Hull suffer significantly from aerial bombardment: however, Beverley was more fortunate and did not endure such heavy attacks.[11] Since the war, Beverley has gone through some remodelling, and has grown in size. It attracts thousands of tourists each year who come to view the religious buildings and visit Beverley Racecourse.[11]

In the 1960s, plans to redevelop Armstrong's Engineering Works for housing put the Dominican Friary at threat of demolition: the friary building was listed in 1965 and is now in use as a youth hostel. Housing was developed on the former works site in the 1980s on what is now Dominican Walk and its adjacent streets.[21]

In 2007, Beverley was named as the best place to live in the United Kingdom in an "Affordable Affluence" study by the Royal Bank of Scotland.[26]

In late 2015 a new shopping and entertainment complex opened in Flemingate (on the site of the old Hodgsons Tannery). Among the attractions is a six-screen cinema and a Premier Inn hotel. East Riding College (formerly Beverley College of Further Education) also relocated to Flemingate, after the previous site was sold for a housing development.

Landmarks

Governance

The county hall

During the

Beverley borough in the county of Humberside.[31] Since 1996, it has formed part of the East Riding of Yorkshire district and is the county town, as it was before 1974.[31]

Beverley was represented in the

county constituency was created, covering half of the East Riding, with Bridlington covering the other half.[31] It became part of the Haltemprice constituency in 1955, until it reverted to the Beverley constituency in 1983.[31] Since 1997 Beverley has been part of the Beverley and Holderness constituency, a Conservative Party
stronghold.

In 2019 the Liberal Democrats made huge gains in the local elections, taking out all of the Conservative seats and taking control of the Town Council, whilst also gaining two seats from the Conservatives on East Riding of Yorkshire Council in St Mary's Ward. The only Conservative representatives for Beverley are in Minster and Woodmansey Ward, where the Conservatives held all three seats.[31]

Position Current representatives
Member of Parliament
Graham Stuart, Conservative, elected 2005
East Riding of Yorkshire Council

ST MARY'S WARD

Dave Boynton – Liberal Democrats,
Denis Healy – Liberal Democrats
Linda Johnson – Liberal Democrats

MINSTER AND WOODMANSEY WARD

David Elvidge, Conservative,
Kerri Harold, Conservative,
Paul Nickersen, Independent,

Beverley Town Council Peter Astell – Liberal Democrats,
Tom Astell – Liberal Democrats,
Dave Boynton – Liberal Democrats,
Ian Gow – Independent,
Denis Healy – Liberal Democrats,
Chloe Hopkins – Labour,
David Horsley – Liberal Democrats,
Duncan Jack – Independent,
Linda Johnson – Liberal Democrats,
Margaret Pinder – Labour,
David Tucker – Liberal Democrats,
Ann Willis – Labour,
Clare Wildey – Labour

Planned expansion

In 2014 local authorities planned to build 3,300 new houses in Beverley,[32] which would increase the size of the town by 20%. A spokesperson for East Riding of Yorkshire Council said: "The evidence recognises that the East Riding is generally a high demand area with strong levels of in-migration".[33][34] The plans are opposed by some residents, such as those in the North Beverley Action Group.[35]

Education

Beverley is home to the oldest

Thomas Percy, who was involved in the Gunpowder Plot and Paul Robinson, a football goalkeeper who has represented England national football team (2003–2009).[36] In the modern day the school hosts around 800 pupils and has received favourable reports from Ofsted, however, in 2013 it was determined as requiring improvement.[36]

There are other schools in Beverley, such as Beverley High School, which is a comprehensive school for girls: it has around 850 pupils, and is well above the national average based on the results of GCSE test performances.[37] Beverley Grammar School and Beverley High School share a common sixth form, called the Beverley Joint Sixth.

England
).

East Riding College has a campus in Beverley. The college offers various further education courses for school leavers and adults from the town.

Media

Beverley and the East Riding of Yorkshire region is served by the

East Riding Mail, which is the sister paper to the Hull Daily Mail
. The Beverley Guardian was printed for 160 years, but it ceased in September 2016.

Radio stations

Viking FM and Nation Radio East Yorkshire serve the town and the whole of the East Riding of Yorkshire but, are based in the nearby city of Hull
.

Local TV coverage is provided by BBC Yorkshire and Lincolnshire and ITV Yorkshire. Television signals are received from the Belmont TV transmitter.

Kingstown Hospital Radio serves the East Riding Community Hospital, in addition to the Hull Royal Infirmary and Castle Hill Hospital in nearby Cottingham.

Beverley has its own radio station 107.8 Beverley FM, which broadcasts to Beverley and its surrounding area from the studio based in the town.

The exterior scenes in Lease of Life, (with Robert Donat), in 1954, were filmed in Beverley and nearby Lund, East Riding of Yorkshire, (Hinton St John), as well as Beverley Minster.[38]

Religion

St Mary's Church

Beverley's largest religious denomination is

national average.[39]
Beverley Minster contains a tomb said to contain the bones of Saint John of Beverley who founded a monastery here and with it the town; another saint from Beverley is Saint John Fisher (born c. 1469). The minster was designated a Grade I listed building in 1950 and is now recorded in the National Heritage List for England, maintained by Historic England.[40]

Beverley Minster

Adherents of the

Diocese of Beverley was established to cover all of Yorkshire, but it was later broken up into two dioceses, Leeds and Middlesbrough.[11] Methodism is represented in Beverley with around three places of worship. Latimer Congregational Church, in the east of Beverley, is affiliated to the Evangelical Fellowship of Congregational Churches
.

Since their suppression in the 17th century, Quakers established a meeting house and have worshipped in Beverley ever since. Their present meeting house – the third – in Quaker Lane – was built in 1961.

Missionaries of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints from the United States first arrived in Beverley in 1850 and quickly established a local congregation. In 1963 a large new chapel on Manor Road was built by local church members. Due to the continued growth of the Beverley congregation both the building and car parks were enlarged in the late 1990s.

Culture and amenities

Beverley Racecourse

A market day is central to culture in Beverley; a smaller market day is held on Wednesday: however, the main event is on Saturday, with all of the stalls.[43][44] Throughout each year there are various annual music festivals in the town, catering for different kinds of music. These include the Early Music Festival in May; the Beverley Folk Festival in June, which features three days of folk music, comedy and workshops; the Jazz Festival in August, followed by the Chamber Music Festival in September.[11] Held monthly at the Beverley Memorial Hall is a local music event Sunday Live. It is also home to the popular Beverley Male Voice Choir.

Beverley hosts an annual literature festival, kite festival, a biennial puppet festival and Beverley town fair. Since 2006, Beverley Town Council has run an annual food festival in October. Including 70 stalls selling food produced in Beverley and the East Riding of Yorkshire, a 200-seat food theatre marquee, cookery demonstrations from local chefs, and street entertainment, the day-long event is attended by thousands of residents and visitors.[45] In 2012, St Mary's Church in Beverley hosted the first real ale and cider festival. Over 2,000 people attended the event. The festival has now moved to the Beverley Memorial Hall and still attracts over 2,500 people.[46]

In terms of sport, the most noted field of participation is horse racing with

Yorkshire 1 league for Rugby Union and play at Beaver Park in the town.[48] The Tour de Yorkshire
passes through North Bar, one of the ancient gates of Beverley. A weekly 5k parkrun is held at the Westwood at 9:00am every Saturday.

Beverley town has a variety of

Samuel Smith Brewery company.[51]

A purpose-built Post Office opened in Register Square in 1905. It continued to be the town's Post Office, until being closed in early 2020 as part of a cost cutting exercise. Post Office services are now provided by the nearby WH Smith shop.

Beverley's first cinema, the Marble Arch, opened in 1916, located on Butcher Row. It was closed and completely demolished by 1967 having in the last few years been used as a bingo hall. After demolition, the site was used as a supermarket. Originally it was known as Moores, but later it became Prestos, then Jacksons. It is now M&S Food.

The

Sports Direct, restaurants and cafes, and is also home to a Parkway Cinema and Premier Inn
.

The current fire station opened in 1982 when New Walkergate (road) was constructed. The much smaller old fire station is now a GP surgery. The police station on Norfolk Street is part of the court complex built in about 1805, including a sessions house and a prison. The former courthouse is now a spa and the octagonal prison is a private home.

Beverley previously had two hospitals serving the town. The Westwood Hospital originally opened as the town's Union Workhouse in 1861, but became a hospital in 1939 at the outbreak of World War II. The maternity ward closed in 1997. The hospital closed completely in 2011. The original main building has been converted to apartments. Beverley Cottage Hospital opened in Morton Lane 1885 and had closed by 1996. Beverley Community Hospital opened in 2012 on a new site.

The East Riding Theatre, housed in a former nonconformist chapel originally built in 1910, is a community initiative launched by a group of local volunteers and film and television actor Vincent Regan. First opened to the public in December 2014 and seating 200, it is run as a not-for profit organisation and a registered charity and presents regular drama productions and musical performances.[52]

The Beverley Treasure House contains a library, archives, a museum, and an art gallery.

Transport

Beverley railway station

The town is served by

York to Beverley Line via Market Weighton; the Minsters Rail Campaign is seeking to reinstate the closed line.[53]

Beverley railway station was opened in October 1846 by the

North Eastern Railway opened its line to Market Weighton and York.[11] The railway station, designed by George Townsend Andrews, is now a Grade II listed building and has an elegant overall roof.[11]

The five-mile (8 km) £13 million

Grovehill junction
which has 42 traffic lights.

Literature

Beverley is the main setting for Domini Highsmith's "Father Simeon" trilogy: Keeper at the Shrine (1994), Guardian at the Gate (1995) and Master of the Keys (1996).

Notable people

Twin towns

See also

Notes

  1. ^ Population of Beverley Built-up Area

References

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Bibliography

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Beverley.
Wikivoyage has a travel guide for Beverley.
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