Blachownia

Coordinates: 50°47′N 18°58′E / 50.783°N 18.967°E / 50.783; 18.967
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the Polish town in Częstochowa County. For the Blachownia Śląska district in a different county, see Kędzierzyn-Koźle.
Blachownia
Primary School No. 1 and World War II memorial
Primary School No. 1 and World War II memorial
Car plates
SCZ
National roads
Voivodeship roads
Websitehttp://blachownia.pl/

Blachownia [blaˈxɔvɲa] is a town in Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies about 10 km (6.2 mi) west of the city of Częstochowa. The town belongs to historic Lesser Poland. As of December 2021, it has a population of 9,383.[3]

History

The history of Blachownia dates back to 1356, when King Casimir III the Great gave permission to establish two villages in the area under the jurisdiction of a starosta from nearby Olsztyn. This resulted in an influx of settlers, and this area of western lesser Poland, located near the border with Czech-ruled Silesia, emerged as a center of industry, with several forges and bloomeries. In the 16th century, when the settlement of Łojki (future Blachownia) belonged to Kraków Voivodeship, it had as many as 36 forges, powered by water wheels. Furthermore, iron ore was excavated here, and in one of the still-existing documents from 1531, King Sigismund II Augustus allowed a man named Błażej Łojek to run a forge. In 1606, within the boundaries of today's Blachownia, was a settlement called Trzepizury, which consisted of three houses and an inn.

In 1610, Mikołaj Wolski, the starosta of Krzepice built two early blast furnaces, also purchasing a forge with two hammers, powered by water. By 1630, local metal plants manufactured app. 800 wagons of iron annually, together with farming tools, sheet metal, and cannonballs. In 1631, the metal plants were visited by King Władysław IV Vasa. In the second half of the 17th century, the Blachownia industrial center declined, together with whole Lesser Poland, following the Swedish invasion of Poland. For 150 years local plants were not mentioned in any sources. In 1782, two bloomeries near Krzepice are described.

After the

Revolution of 1905
.

Blachownia was one of the first settlements, which was captured by the

German Imperial troops at the beginning of World War I. German occupation lasted from August 1914 to November 1918, and during that time, there was a sharp decline in the living standards, and employment was reduced from 1200 (as for 1913) to 400. In the Second Polish Republic, Blachownia belonged to Kielce Voivodeship
. The steel mill was nationalized and later sold to B. Handtke Association from Warsaw. The settlement had its own sports association, fire brigade and schools.

As Blachownia was captured on the third day of the German

OST-Arbeiter
) were treated like slaves, working for 11 hours a day, with minimum salaries.

After the war, Blachownia belonged to Kielce Voivodeship until 1950, and in that year it was moved to Katowice Voivodeship.

Transport

Railway station

The town is located along the national road 46; voivodeship roads nr. 492 and 904 also pass through the town. The A1 motorway passes to the east of Blachownia. The town also has a railroad station. Since Blachownia lies close to Częstochowa, it is served by the city mass transit system.

References

  1. ^ "Burmistrz Blachowni". blachownia.pl (in Polish). Gmina Blachownia. Retrieved 12 September 2022.
  2. ^ "Local Data Bank". bdl.stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. Retrieved 12 September 2022. Category K1, group G441, subgroup P1410. Data for territorial unit 2404014.
  3. ^ a b "Local Data Bank". bdl.stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. Retrieved 12 September 2022. Category K3, group G7, subgroup P1336. Data for territorial unit 2404014.
  4. ^ "Local Data Bank". bdl.stat.gov.pl. Statistics Poland. Retrieved 12 September 2022. Category K3, group G7, subgroup P2425. Data for territorial unit 2404014.
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