Black jacobin
Black jacobin | |
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Adult in Reserva Guainumbi, São Luis do Paraitinga, São Paulo, Brazil | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Class: | Aves |
Clade: | Strisores |
Order: | Apodiformes |
Family: | Trochilidae |
Genus: | Florisuga |
Species: | F. fusca
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Binomial name | |
Florisuga fusca (Vieillot, 1817)
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Synonyms | |
Melanotrochilus fuscus (Vieillot, 1817) |
The black jacobin (Florisuga fusca) is a species of
Taxonomy and systematics
The black jacobin was traditionally placed in the
Description
The black jacobin is 12 to 13 cm (4.7 to 5.1 in) long. Males weigh about 9 g (0.32 oz) and females 8 g (0.28 oz). Adults of both sexes are mostly black, with a bronzy-olive lower back and uppertail- and
Distribution and habitat
The black jacobin is found in southeastern Brazil, approximately from Bahia south through Rio Grande do Sul and into eastern Uruguay, and separately in southeastern Paraguay, northeastern Argentina, and adjoining Brazil. There are also scattered records from sites outside its primary range. It mostly inhabits woodlands, gardens, and coffee and cacao plantations with tall trees. In elevation it ranges from sea level to 1,400 m (4,600 ft).[5]
Behavior
Movement
The black jacobin is migratory, but the pattern is not well understood. The trend is for southward movement for the austral winter, though there are also winter records to the northwest in the cerrado biome of south-central Brazil.[5]
Feeding
The black jacobin forages at all levels of its habitat. It feeds on nectar at the flowers of many native and introduced trees and shrubs and from
Breeding
The black jacobin breeds between July and May, and two broods per year are common. Its nest is a cup made of fine plant fibers and cobweb, placed on the mid-rib of a large horizontal leaf, typically between 1 and 4 m (3.3 and 13 ft) up in a tree or shrub. The clutch size is two eggs. Females use a display flight to distract predators.[5]
Vocalization
The black jacobin's song is "a series of high-pitched hissing notes above 10 kHz, 'szee..szee....szee..szee..szee....szee...'." Its calls include "a short 'tsik' or 'chik', and a short trill 'tr-r-r'."[5]
Status
The
References
- ^ a b BirdLife International (2016). "Black Jacobin Florisuga fusca". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2016. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
- ^ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
- ^ a b Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)". Retrieved July 14, 2021.
- ^ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
- ^ a b c d e f g h Schuchmann, K.L., G. M. Kirwan, and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). Black Jacobin (Florisuga fusca), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.blkjac1.01 retrieved November 13, 2021
External links
- "Black Jacobin media". Internet Bird Collection.